The expediency of using a plant protection system using the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, W in the cultivation of winter wheat in the Southern natural and agricultural zone of the Rostov region

The authors analyzed the biological effectiveness of the integrated plant protection system formed when the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh was included in the classical protection scheme adopted in the farms of the Rostov region. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, was analyzed, the impact of the studied protection system on the yield, the quality of the grain obtained, the phytosanitary condition of the crop during the growing season on winter wheat crops of the variety Nakhodka with the use of a plant protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh. The fungicide BisolbiSan, containing a culture of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain H-13, suppresses the germination of spores and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi due to the multilateral action of bacterial metabolites, without causing the formation of resistance in pathogens. It was found that the protection system used practically does not cause a decrease in grain quality — in terms of the average protein and gluten content, the grain at the experimental site even slightly exceeds the grain obtained from the control site by 16.88% and 27.8%. With the cost of winter wheat grain of 1100 rubles/kg, an increase in the yield in the experiment of 3.8 kg/ha in relation to control and the cost of an experimental protection system in the amount of 3,357 rubles/ha, revenue amounted to 823 rubles/ha.

Ecological advantages of using microbiomethod in an integrated plant protection system

The article presents an analysis of current domestic and world literature data on the use of microbiomethod in plant protection. It has been proven, that biological preparations based on different biotypes of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, due to their high specificity to various insect species and harmlessness to adult bees, warm-blooded and freshwater organisms, remain at the forefront of integrated plant protection systems worldwide. Their amount is up to 95% of all bioinsecticides. Being natural elements of biocenoses, entomopathogenic microorganisms do not harm plants. Moreover, the introduction of a number of bacteria into the soil and on the surface of plants promotes the growth of crops and increase their yield.Given the economic non-competitiveness of bioinsecticides compared to chemical insecticides, their use in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Systems is appropriate for the control of phytophages against which they are highly effective. The negative result of chemical insecticides is not only the pollution of the environment and products, but also the formation and spread of resistant races and pest populations. The higher cost of microbiomethod is justified by the lack of negative long-term effects of massive use of chemical insecticides.

INFLUENCE OF CHEMICALS ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AGROCENOSIS OF SPRING BARLEY WITH PERENNIAL GRASSES

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and plant protection system on the vegetation index NDVI and its seasonal dynamics in agrocenoses of spring barley with overseeding of perennial grasses in the North-West of Russia. The data obtained indicate that against the background of the deficiency of the main elements of mineral nutrition in the second half of the growing season of spring barley, a significant phytomass of perennial grasses is formed in the crop, which account for 36.7%. This leads to a smaller decrease in the NDVI index (by 0.06) than in the fertilized variants (0.20). The value of NDVI index reflects not only the state of cultivated plants and weed infestation of crops, but also the level of development of crops, growing under vegetation. The influence of mineral nutrition developed during the period of maximum values of the index, which were recorded 6-8 weeks from the sowing date and 26-30 weeks from the beginning of the year. Under the influence of average doses of fertilizers, the NDVI index increased by 0.09...0.2 (on average 0.13), under the influence of high doses – by 0.13...0.26 (on average 0.18). The influence of plant protection system was expressed by a decrease in the phytomass of weeds (by 49.4...68.9%), at the same time the mass of spring barley and perennial grasses increased (by 1.7...18.5% and by 11.7...43.5% respectively). Carrying out the whole complex of protective measures led to a decrease in the NDVI index values by 0.01...0.06, depending on the phytosanitary situation in the agrocenosis. The most reliable forecast of the yield of spring barley can be implemented in the period from 5 to 7 weeks from the beginning of the emergence of barley shoots, especially against the background of the use of plant protection products that eliminate the influence of harmful organisms on the formation of the crop and the optical properties of crops

PROSPECTS FOR USAGE OF OIL CROPS IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

An increase of biological diversity of field crops is relevant for modern agriculture. The aim of our study was comparative assessment of productivity of oilseeds (oil flax, white mustard and spring rape) and substantiation of primary soil tillage technology and plant protection during crop cultivation in the foreststeppe zone of the Volga region. The research results showed that the growing season of white mustard was 87-99 days, oil flax - 97-106 days and spring rape - 97-103 days. The period from harvesting to winter wheat sowing was 12-20 days for oil flax, white mustard - 20-30 days, for spring rape - 14-20 days, which makes it possible to use these crops as forecrops for winter grain crops. When cultivating oil flax, white mustard and spring rape, combined system of soil tillage in crop rotation is more effective, where, in comparison with the minimum tillage of the soil, the seed yield increased (by 8.4-23.7%), as well as vegetable fat (by 16.9- 30.5%). The adaptive integrated plant protection system (a combination of agrotechnical, biological and chemical plant protection methods) was more effective in comparison with herbicide usage. Evaluation of economic efficiency showed that cultivation of spring rape provides a higher level of income in comparison with other crops. Combined tillage and the protection level of standard agricultural technologies (only herbicide usage) ensured an increase of net operating profit per hectare, therefore, the substantiation of plant protection system should be carried out with egad to economic limits of harmfulness.

The effectiveness of using biological preparations in the production technology for seed material of potatoes

An integrated plant protection system must focus on the biologization of this process. Used phytohormones and phytofungicides have a biostimulating and fungicidal effect on potato plants. The biological products used to one degree or another increase the adaptogenic capabilities of plants. Biological preparations have provided a high level of immunity of potato plants to major diseases. The fungicidal properties of the preparations were well appeared. No increase in infection or spread was observed in experiments using biofungicides. To a greater extent, the preparations acted as prophylactic ones, preventing the penetration of the phytopathogen into plants. At the same time, there is a long period of suppression of its development, the formation of resistance to late blight. The immunostimulating effect of Zircon and Epin extra in relation to late blight is found to a lesser extent in comparison with the Trichodermin, Rizoplan and Baktofit biofungicides. The fungicidal action of these preparations proved to be highly effective.

Efficiency of macro- and micronutrients in spring wheat protection system

The work presents studies of preparative laboratory forms of preparations containing nanoparticles of macro- and micronutrients by inclusion of stabilizers and solution modifiers on growth and development of spring triticale plants in the first phases of ontogenesis and spring wheat under field conditions. The preparations and their rates positively affecting germination energy, germination rate with the effect of 4-6% and plant growth under the influence of preparations on daily seedlings were isolated in laboratory studies. The preparations Mn, 10 ml/t, Ca, 10 ml/t, Mo, 50 ml/t, Titan M, 50 ml/t, biogenic Fe, 5 ml/t had a positive effect on energy and germination, while the preparations Mn, 10 ml/t, Ca, 10 ml/t, Mo, 50 ml/t, Titan M, 50 ml/t, biogenic Fe, 5 ml/t, Bor 5 mg/g + GC (10%) had a positive effect on sprout length, 1ml/t, Potassium, 1000 ml/t of which the variants with Boron 5 mg/g + GC (10%), 1ml/t, Potassium, 1000 ml/t had the greatest and significant effect, where the increase in sprout length was 1.0-3.2 cm or 7.8-25%, mass 0.5-1.4 g or 6-8%. In field studies, we evaluated the use of biogenic iron in the plant protection system as a stimulant in the treatment of seeds together with a seed dressing and plants during the growing season. The effect of the preparation on the development of plants contributing to increased yield was determined, especially the treatment of wheat plants in the earing phase, which provided an increase of 0.5 t/ha.

The effect of the organic plant protection system on the chemical composition and quality of grapes and red wines

The biologization of viticulture is considered as a necessary attribute of its effective functioning, aimed at reducing environmental and economic risks. Comparative studies of the effect of conservative system of agriculture, including chemical crop protection, and the organic system with using preparations Extrasol, Respecta, Chitosan, Tiovit Jet on physicochemical indicators and quality of grapes and wines were carried out. We used grape cultivar ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ from the South Coast area of Crimea. It was found that using preparations in the organic farming system contributed to the accumulation (α<0.05) of sugars in berries on average by 15%, phenolic compounds – by 13-22%, anthocyanins – by 23%, and PPO activity of the must. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence the accumulation of aldehydes in berries. Their effect on the content of ketoacids was determined by the crop year conditions. Experimental wines were distinguished by a higher (α<0.05) content of ethyl alcohol, phenolic compounds (on average by 46%), anthocyanins (1.6 times), pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids (1.6 and 1.9 times) and a lower (by 20 %) concentration of aldehydes. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence on the organoleptic of wines. The best result was shown by the complex of Tiovit Jet and Extrasol.

Anti-resistant plant protection system against harmful arthropods

Goal. To substantiate and develop an anti-resistant system of protection of crops and perennials from harmful arthropods. Methods. The sensitivity of phytophages on natural populations collected on winter wheat, soybean, and rapeseed crops was determined by various methods of their poisoning: immersion of insects on inhabited plants, immersion of insects in gauze bags for 3 seconds. in a suitable solution of insecticide. The methods are based on the study of the pest’s response to a series of doses of the drug — from the minimum, causing mortality of 5—10% of normal-sensitive individuals, to the maximum (mortality of 90% or more). Toxicological parameters were calculated using the PROBAN program. Results. Different sensitivity of natural populations of arthropods to modern insecticides is revealed. Techniques for the rational use of insecticides populations and the use of alternative biological and immunological methods. Conclusions. An effective measure to prevent and inhibit the formation of resistant populations of harmful arthropod species to insecticides is an anti-resistant plant protection system. It includes monitoring the resistance of natural populations of harmful phytophagous species, identifying the type of resistance and the rational use of chemicals.