Dental Caries Experience and Salivary Elements among a Group of Young Adults in Relation to Age and Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
Samara Faris Abdel Aziz ◽  
Wesal Ali Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Multilevel Analysis of Dental Caries in Swedish Children and Adolescents in Relation to Socioeconomic Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Catrin André Kramer ◽  
Aldina Pivodic ◽  
Magnus Hakeberg ◽  
Anna-Lena Östberg
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
And Gender

The objective was to investigate the variability in dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents, at two different area levels: dental clinics and SAMS (small areas for market statistics), with respect to multiple individual socioeconomic factors (SES). Records of manifest caries using the DMFT indices (decayed, missing, filled teeth, dependent variables) were collected from electronic dental records for 300,988 individuals aged 3–19 years (97.3% coverage) from the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. SES data were obtained from official registers and covered ethnicity, wealth, parental education, and employment. The SES variables were used as an independent aggregated variable – an in dex – categorized in deciles. Age and gender were independently included in the multilevel models. Two-level logistic regression analyses explored the probability of a dental caries experience and the variability (intracluster correlation) within dental clinic areas and SAMS, respectively. The most deprived (10th decile, SAMS level) 3- to 6-year-old children had an OR of 5.00 (95% CI 4.61–5.43) for dental caries experience (deft), compared with children in the 1st to 5th deciles. For older children and adolescents (≥7 years), the corresponding OR (DFT) was 2.25 (95% CI 2.15–2.35). Small geographical areas explained more of the variance in caries experience compared with the more aggregated level dental clinics. SES was more strongly related to the risk of dental caries experience than age and gender. In conclusion, the associations between SES and dental caries experience in Swedish children and adolescents were strong in the study and strongest in young children at a low level.

Do They Really Mean It? Children’s Inference of Speaker Intentions and the Role of Age and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-712
Author(s):  
K. Rothermich ◽  
O. Caivano ◽  
L.J. Knoll ◽  
V. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Speaker Intentions ◽  
And Gender

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

scholarly journals Precision Across Race, Age and Gender of a HIV Risk Screen for Adolescents and Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-271
Author(s):  
Michiel A. van Zyl ◽  
Christina Studts ◽  
Kathryn Pahl
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Perceptions of love across the lifespan

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindy R. Sumter ◽  
Patti M. Valkenburg ◽  
Jochen Peter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Three Factor

This study investigated perceptions of love across the lifespan using Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, which distinguishes between passion, intimacy, and commitment. The study aimed to (a) investigate the psychometric properties of the short Triangular Love Scale (TLS-short) in adolescents and adults (see Appendix), and (b) track age and gender differences in the three love components of the TLS-short in a sample of 12- to 88-year-olds (N = 2791). The three-factor structure of the TLS-short was confirmed in both the adolescent and adult sample. Adolescents (12–17 years) reported lower levels of all love components compared to young adults (18–30 years). Late adults (50+) reported lower levels of passion and intimacy, but similar levels of commitment compared to young (18–30 years) and middle adults (30–50 years). Gender differences in the perceptions of all three love components were present but less sizeable than suggested in popular accounts and earlier academic research.

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