scholarly journals Creating Exercise Habits Using Incentives: The Trade-off Between Flexibility and Routinization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Beshears ◽  
Hae Nim Lee ◽  
Katherine L. Milkman ◽  
Robert Mislavsky ◽  
Jessica Wisdom
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Timing Routine ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Habits involve regular, cue-triggered routines. In a field experiment, we tested whether incentivizing exercise routines—paying participants each time they visit the gym within a planned, daily two-hour window—leads to more persistent exercise than offering flexible incentives—paying participants each day they visit the gym, regardless of timing. Routine incentives generated fewer gym visits than flexible incentives, both during our intervention and after incentives were removed. Even among subgroups that were experimentally induced to exercise at similar rates during our intervention, recipients of routine incentives exhibited a larger decrease in exercise after the intervention than recipients of flexible incentives. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.

TODA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cida Sanches ◽  
Samuel Ferreira Jr ◽  
Givaldo Santos ◽  
Marisa Regina Paixão ◽  
Manuel Meireles
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Software Application

This paper describes the use and application of the TODA (Trade-off Decision Analysis) method through a case study. The method uses the concept of trade-off applied to a prioritization matrix and, to define the weights, it takes the concept of causality into account. Studies have shown that the TODA achieves the same results as the competing AHP method. However, it is easier to operate. The methodology used is a case study concerning the choice of the type of car for a fleet of vehicles to be driven by salespeople. Together with the software application process, the methods that aided the weighting of the criteria are described and how the values of the alternatives are converted into coefficients of the objective function. The results clearly show that the method is easily applied, but the limitations of the case study method preclude forming generalizations.

scholarly journals Information Avoidance and Medical Screening: A Field Experiment in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Li ◽  
Juanjuan Meng ◽  
Changcheng Song ◽  
Kai Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Medical Screening ◽  
Information Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Price Increases

Will individuals, especially high-risk individuals, avoid a disease test because of information avoidance? We conduct a field experiment to investigate this issue. We vary the price of a diabetes test (price experiment) and offer both a diabetes test and a cancer test (disease experiment) after eliciting participants’ subjective beliefs about their disease risk. We find evidence that, first, some people avoid the test even when there is neither a monetary nor a transaction cost, and second, both low- and high-risk individuals select out of the test as the price increases. We explain our findings using three classes of models of anticipatory utility. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.

scholarly journals Experimentally induced spermatophore production and immune responses reveal a trade-off in crickets

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Kerr ◽  
Susan N. Gershman ◽  
Scott K. Sakaluk
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Spermatophore Production ◽  
Experimentally Induced

scholarly journals Risk Attitude in Multicriteria Decision Analysis: A Compromise Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6536
Author(s):  
Juan Ribes ◽  
Jacinto González-Pachón
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
Lower Uncertainty ◽  
Selection Of

In fields on which decisions need to be taken including health, as we are seeing nowadays in the COVID-19 crisis, decision-makers face multiple criteria and results with a random component. In stochastic multicriteria decision-making models, the risk attitude of the decision maker is a relevant factor. Traditionally, the shape of a utility function is the only element that represents the decision maker’s risk attitude. The eduction process of multi-attribute utility functions implies some operational drawbacks, and it is not always easy. In this paper, we propose a new element with which the decision maker’s risk attitude can be implemented: the selection of the stochastic efficiency concept to be used during a decision analysis. We suggest representing the risk attitude as a conflict between two poles: risk neutral attitude, associated with best expectations, and risk aversion attitude, associated with a lower uncertainty. The Extended Goal Programming formulation has inspired the parameter that is introduced in a new risk attitude formulation. This parameter reflects the trade-off between the two classical poles with respect to risk attitude. Thus, we have produced a new stochastic efficiency concept that we call Compromise Efficiency.

Decision analysis of the elderly participating in the housing reverse mortgage: Based on bequest motivation constraint

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 8569-8586
Author(s):  
Ping Wang ◽  
Wei Han
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Reverse Mortgage ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Expectation Value ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Actuarial Model

From the perspective of consumption preference and bequest preference, this paper constructs a financial actuarial model and studies thelifetime value change of senior citizens to participate in housing reverse mortgage(HRM). The research results are as follows: (1) The trade-off between changes in the value of consumption and inheritance is the main decision rule to participate in housing reverse mortgage(HRM), and the intensity of bequest motivation is an important constraint mechanism to the lifetime expectation value of the senior citizensparticipating in housing reverse mortgage(HRM); (2) When the bequest motivation of the elderly is relatively weak, the elderly have conversely strong consumption preference, and the elderly participating in the non-redemption HRM can obtain higher lifelong value change; (3) When the bequest motivation of the elderly is relatively strong, the elderly have correspondingly strong bequest preference. Participating in the HRM with redemption option can realize the option of retaining part of the heritage value and reduce the volatility of heritage loss. Therefore, the restriction of bequest motivation on the demand of the elderly can be reduced to a certain extent, which is more suitable for the retired residents with strong heritage motivation.

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