scholarly journals Determination of numbers of lead-exposed U.S. children by areas of the United States: an integrated summary of a report to the U.S. Congress on childhood lead poisoning.

1990 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Crocetti ◽  
P Mushak ◽  
J Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
The U.S

Childhood Lead Poisoning in the '90s

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-510
Author(s):  
Sergio Piomelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Threat

Lead is an extremely toxic metal: even a single atom of lead, once in the human body, binds to a protein and induces some damage; the greater the exposure, the more serious the effects. Lead has no physiological function; any amount of body lead reflects environmental pollution.1 In the 1990s, in the United States, is lead poisoning a devastating environmental threat to our children or is childhood lead poisoning a threat of the past? Probably neither of these statements is correct. It may be worthwhile to look at the current situation in detail. In the 1970s, before efforts were made to reduce environmental lead, common effects in children of the widespread environmental contamination with lead were encephalopathy and even death.

Preventing Childhood Lead Poisoning: Screening Practices in the United States

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
V. J. Kattapong ◽  
K. M. Garbarino ◽  
P. M. Duncan ◽  
J. K. Carney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
Screening Practices

Negotiating the Future of Taiwan

Worldview ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
O. Edmund Clubb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The U.S

Now that Chiang Kai-shek and the American strategy of “containment” of Asian communism have grown old together, and the dream of the Nationalist reconquest of the Mainland has faded into nothingness with President Nixon's February meeting with Chinese Communist chieftain Mao Tse-tung and Premier Chou En-lai, there stirs a question that has lain largely dormant over the past two decades: What of the future, of Taiwan (Formosa)? More specifically, should not the United States, sworn protector of Taiwan, (make provision for the Taiwanese to have a voice in determining their own future destiny?The U.S. professes to believe that people may properly be governed only with their consent. It supports the doctrine of self-determination of nations.

scholarly journals PCBs in Older Buildings: Measuring PCB Levels in Caulk and Window Glazing Materials in Older Buildings

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lantis Osemwengie ◽  
Jade Morgan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Quality Control Analysis ◽  
The U.S

A method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in caulk and glazing materials was developed and evaluated by application to a combination of 36 samples of caulk and glazing materials, from four schools in the northeastern area of the United States. Quality control analysis showed a range of 45 to 170% for spike recovery from the various samples and a range of 10.9 to 20.1% difference in precision among replicates. The result for the samples analyzed showed that three of the four schools sampled contained caulking and glazing materials with levels of PCBs >50 μg/g (range 54.6 μg/g to 445,000 μg/g). Across the four schools, 24% of collected caulk and glazing samples contained elevated PCB levels relative to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) bulk product waste criterion of 50 μg/g under “The Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.” The PCBs determined in the samples, exhibited characteristic chromatographic patterns similar to those of Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and a 1016/1254 mix.

Statement on Childhood Lead Poisoning

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Lead Concentration ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Absorption ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin

Patterns of childhood lead poisoning have changed substantially in the United States. The mean blood lead level has declined, and acute intoxication with encephalopathy has become uncommon. Nonetheless, between 1976 and 1980, 780,000 children, 1 to 6 years of age, had blood lead concentrations of 30 µg/L or above. These levels of absorption, previously thought to be safe, are now known to cause loss of neurologic and intellectual function, even in asymptomatic children. Because this loss is largely irreversible and cannot fully be restored by medical treatment, pediatricians' efforts must be directed toward prevention. Prevention is achieved by reducing children's exposure to lead and by early detection of increased absorption. Childhood lead poisoning is now defined by the Academy as a whole blood lead concentration of 25 µg/L or more, together with an erythrocyte protoporphyrin level of 35 µg/dL or above. This definition does not require the presence of symptoms. It is identical with the new definition of the US Public Health Service. Lead poisoning in children previously was defined by a blood lead concentration of 30 µ/dL with an erythrocyte protoporphyrin level of 50 µg/dL. To prevent lead exposure in children, the Academy urges public agencies to develop safe and effective methods for the removal and proper disposal of all lead-based paint from public and private housing. Also, the Academy urges the rapid and complete removal of all lead from gasoline. To achieve early detection of lead poisoning, the Academy recommends that all children in the United States at risk of exposure to lead be screened for lead absorption at approximately 12 months of age by means of the erythrocyte protoporphyrin test, when that test is available. Furthermore, the Academy recommends follow-up erythrocyte protoporphyrin testing of children judged to be at high risk of lead absorption. Reporting of lead poisoning should be mandatory in all states.

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

Palestine Unbound

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The Us ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
The U.S

This section, updated regularly on the blog Palestine Square, covers popular conversations related to the Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict during the quarter 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018: #JerusalemIstheCapitalofPalestine went viral after U.S. president Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and announced his intention to move the U.S. embassy there from Tel Aviv. The arrest of Palestinian teenager Ahed Tamimi for slapping an Israeli soldier also prompted a viral campaign under the hashtag #FreeAhed. A smaller campaign protested the exclusion of Palestinian human rights from the agenda of the annual Creating Change conference organized by the US-based National LGBTQ Task Force in Washington. And, UNRWA publicized its emergency funding appeal, following the decision of the United States to slash funding to the organization, with the hashtag #DignityIsPriceless.

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