scholarly journals PCBs in Older Buildings: Measuring PCB Levels in Caulk and Window Glazing Materials in Older Buildings

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lantis Osemwengie ◽  
Jade Morgan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Quality Control Analysis ◽  
The U.S

A method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in caulk and glazing materials was developed and evaluated by application to a combination of 36 samples of caulk and glazing materials, from four schools in the northeastern area of the United States. Quality control analysis showed a range of 45 to 170% for spike recovery from the various samples and a range of 10.9 to 20.1% difference in precision among replicates. The result for the samples analyzed showed that three of the four schools sampled contained caulking and glazing materials with levels of PCBs >50 μg/g (range 54.6 μg/g to 445,000 μg/g). Across the four schools, 24% of collected caulk and glazing samples contained elevated PCB levels relative to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) bulk product waste criterion of 50 μg/g under “The Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act.” The PCBs determined in the samples, exhibited characteristic chromatographic patterns similar to those of Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262, and a 1016/1254 mix.

Decoding Morris Janowitz: Limited War and Pragmatic Doctrine

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Travis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unconventional Warfare ◽  
Stability Operations ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Limited War ◽  
The U.S

The American sociologist Morris Janowitz presented two world views of security named “absolutist” and “pragmatist.” This dualistic paradigm endures into the 21st century and explains how complex and contentious security options are debated within the U.S. security establishment. His paradigm also reveals a condition called the “hegemon trap,” which means that the more powerful militarily that a state becomes relative to other states, the less likely it will fight a large-scale conventional war, resulting in frequent and perpetual limited, low-intensity, and unconventional wars. Based on experiences learned since the Vietnam War, the United States can improve global security by balancing resources between absolutist and pragmatist outlooks. This requires devoting a greater share of resources toward peacetime engagement, stability operations, and unconventional warfare.

scholarly journals Determination of Parthenolide in Selected Feverfew Products by Liquid Chromatography

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab A Abourashed ◽  
Ikhlas A Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Gradient ◽  
Tanacetum Parthenium ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract The migraine prophylactic herb feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) is marketed in the United States in a variety of forms and compositions. Although its therapeutic efficacy is still uncertain, the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide is the constituent recommended to be measured for quality control of feverfew preparations. A validated liquid chromatographic method was developed and used to estimate parthenolide in a number of U.S. feverfew market products formulated as capsules, tablets, or crude powder. The method uses a Lichrosphere 5 C18 column, a mobile phase consisting of 50mM NaH2PO4 in H2O (solvent A), and CH3CN–MeOH (90 + 10, v/v; solvent B). Elution was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a linear gradient of 50–15% A in B over 20 min and UV detection at 210 nm. The correlation coefficient for the calibration curve was 0.9999 over the range of 0.00–0.400 mg/mL. Overall recovery of parthenolide was 103.1%.

scholarly journals How does secessionism end? No-win scenarios for contemporary American secessionist movements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Martin Pomarański
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organizational Change ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Secessionist Movement

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to attempt to characterize the American secessionist movement in the 21st century. In spite of the fact that all ideas of self-determination in the U.S. are not welcomed by the federal government in Washington and as a consequence are dying on the vine, they have still reborn in subsequent separatist and secessionist initiatives. An analysis of the goals, sizes and motivations of contemporary secessionist groups in the United States will lead to the main goal of the paper, which is to answer the question about the types of strategies chosen by American secessionists in the situation of the obvious failure of their overarching political goal - independence. As it turns out, a significant part of such groups in a situation of collision of their own political dreams with the harsh conditions of American Realpolitik does not give up and continues their activities in a slightly modified form. Understanding the scenarios accompanying this ideological and organizational change, as well as exemplifying the groups that have decided to implement these scenarios in recent years will be the crucial goal of the paper.

scholarly journals Development, Estimation and Validation of Lisinopril in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical Formulation by HPLC Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bhaskara Raju ◽  
A. Lakshmana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Quality Control Analysis ◽  
Tablet Dosage ◽  
Routine Quality Control

An accurate and preciseHPLCmethod was developed for the determination of lisinopril. Separation of the drug was achieved on a reverse phase C8column using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer and methanol in the ratio of 35:65v/v. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and the detection wavelength was 215 nm. The linearity was observed in the range of 20-60 μ g/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The proposed method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. This method can be employed for routine quality control analysis of lisinopril in tablet dosage forms.

Negotiating the Future of Taiwan

Worldview ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
O. Edmund Clubb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The U.S

Now that Chiang Kai-shek and the American strategy of “containment” of Asian communism have grown old together, and the dream of the Nationalist reconquest of the Mainland has faded into nothingness with President Nixon's February meeting with Chinese Communist chieftain Mao Tse-tung and Premier Chou En-lai, there stirs a question that has lain largely dormant over the past two decades: What of the future, of Taiwan (Formosa)? More specifically, should not the United States, sworn protector of Taiwan, (make provision for the Taiwanese to have a voice in determining their own future destiny?The U.S. professes to believe that people may properly be governed only with their consent. It supports the doctrine of self-determination of nations.

Echoes of Kafka: The “War on Terror”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Binkley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
21St Century ◽  
War On Terror ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
The U.S

The issue of international terrorism at the beginning of the 21st century, in the United States in particular, has left populations asking: “who and where is the enemy and how do we bring them to justice?” But a more important question could be “Who is the victim and who is not, and what measures are appropriate while minimising collateral damage?” Peeling away the complex layers in the politics of anti‐terror policy leads to the inevitable conclusion that long gone are the alleged days of “black and white” cases of nation‐wide warfare. Franz Kafka all too often warns of the psychosocial pressure that follows as a result of the hegemonic power dynamic, and though imperialism was no new concept in Kafka’s era, his concerns shine ever brighter in light of the rise of the neo‐colonial anti‐terror initiative. Politics aside, this situation is a powerful echo, prophecy even, of a host of Kafka’s literary works, which warn of a ‘psycho‐dystopian’ world of torture machines on colony‐island penitentiaries, of summary executions and the breaching of basic human rights to achieve a government’s desired end. In this presentation, I will demonstrate how Der Prozeβ (The Trial) – with its parallels to the ethereal nature of law‐ is still relevant to the case of the U.S.‐led “War on Terror” in a world of liberally accessible media and information, spreading discontent and paranoia in the hearts and minds of the very population that the anti‐terror policy is designed to “protect”.

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