scholarly journals Investigating The Effects of Activation Temperature on The Crystal Structure of Activated Charcoal From Palm Bunches (Arengga Pinnata Merr.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Vivi Hastuti Rufa Mongkito ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Wisda Puspita Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Temperature Variations

This research aims to determine the effect of activation temperature the crystal structure of activated charcoal. The material used activated charcoal bunches (Arengga Pinnate Merr). The process of making activated charcoal divided into two, namely the carbonization stage at a temperature of 250- 400 oC and the activation stage at a temperature variation of 600 - 800 ̊C. To find the crystal structure, the sample characterized by X-Ray Diffraction. The results of analysis the dominant elements diamond before activation with a percentage of 90.2% and an orthorhombic crystalline structure, where the lattice parameter a = 4.12700 Å; b = 4.93700 Å; c = 4.81900 Å. Peak Carbon has a hexagonal crystal structure in all temperature variations. Peak Graphite an orthorhombic crystal structure and at a temperature of 700 oC a hexagonal crystal structure formed. Therefore, giving temperature variations the activated charcoal of the bunches affects the structure of the formed Crystal. Wherein increasing the activation temperature, the crystal structure that forms look more amorphous marked by a widening diffraction peak intensity decreased crystals

scholarly journals New Ternary Compounds of the Composition Cu2SnTi3 and Their Crystal Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8776
Author(s):  
Sheng-Fang Huang ◽  
Yen-Cheng Chang ◽  
Po-Liang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Structures

A new ternary compound Cu2SnTi3 has been synthesized by vacuum sintering at 900 °C. The atomic structures of CaCu5- and InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3 are calculated using density functional theory methods. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns of the new ternary compound Cu2SnTi3 are considered to verify the atomic structures of CaCu5- and InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3. The results reveal that the InNi2-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the lowest total energy of −35.239 eV, representing the trigonal crystal structure. The orthorhombic crystal structure of the CaCu5-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the second lowest total energy of −33.926 eV. Our theoretical X-ray diffraction peak profiles of InNi2-like (CaCu5-like) Cu2SnTi3 are nearly identical to experimental one, leading to an error below 2.0% (3.0%). In addition, the hexagonal crystal structure of the CaCu5-like Cu2SnTi3 model has the highest total energy of −33.094 eV. The stability of the Cu2SnTi3 in terms of energy follows the order: the trigonal, orthorhombic, and hexagonal crystal structure.

Thermal enhancement of 2H11/2→4I15/2 up-conversion luminescence of Er3+ doped K2Yb(PO4)(MoO4) phosphors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqiang Cui ◽  
Yongze Cao ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yuhang Zhang ◽  
Siying Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Enhancement

Er3+ with different concentrations doped K2Yb(PO4)(MoO4) phosphors were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, and the layered orthorhombic crystal structure of the samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Under...

Characterization of Zn0.96Al0.02Ga0.02O Thermoelectric Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
Panida Pilasuta ◽  
Pennapa Muthitamongkol ◽  
Chanchana Thanachayanont ◽  
Tosawat Seetawan
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Crystal structure of Zn0.96Al0.02Ga0.02O was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) technique and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results showed single phase and hexagonal structure a = b = 3.24982 Å, and c = 5.20661 Å. The SEM and TEM results showed the grain size of material arrangement changed after sintering and TEM diffraction pattern confirmed hexagonal crystal structure of Zn0.96Al0.02Ga0.02O after sintering.

Halogen-Elpasolithe, IV [1]. Über Brom-Elpasolithe Cs2BIMIIIBr6 BI = Li, Na; MIII = Sc, Y, La-Lu, In, V, Cr) / Halo-Elpasolites, IV [1]. On Bromo-Elpasolites Cs2BIMIIIBr6 BI = Li, Na; MIII = Sc, Y, La-Lu, In, V, Cr)

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1476-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Meyer ◽  
Hans-Christian Gaebell
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray

Bromo-Elpasolites of formulae Cs2LiMBr6 and Cs2NaMBr6 (M = Sc, Y, La-Lu, In, V, Cr) were prepared and investigated by powder X-ray diffraction. The compounds Cs2NaMBr6 (M = Ce-Lu, Sc, Y, In) as well as Cs2LiMBr6 (M = La-Er, Y) crystallize cubic facecentered (elpasolite type of structure); Cs2NaLaBr6 and low temperature forms of Cs2NaMBr6 (M = Ce-Gd) are tetragonal. Several hexagonal crystal structure types (HT-K2LiAlF6, Cs2NaCrF6, Cs2LiGaF6) are observed for Cs2LiMBr6 (M = Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, In, V, Cr).

STUDY ON THE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF Ba2(Y1−xLax)Cu3O7−y

1988 ◽  
Vol 02 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
C. DONG ◽  
J.K. LIANG ◽  
C.G. CUI ◽  
S.L. LI ◽  
Y.M. NI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Continuous Solid Solution ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Tetragonal Structure ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Semiconductor Behavior ◽  
Low Dimensional

A series of samples with the nominal composition Ba 2( Ba 1−x La x) Cu 3 O 7−y, (0≤x≤1), was synthesized by solid state reaction. An X-ray diffraction study showed that a continuous solid solution exists between Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7−y and Ba 2 LaCu 3 O 7−y and there is a composition induced order-disorder transition from an orthorhombic to a tetragonal structure when x value is near 0.9. All the samples with orthorhombic crystal structure are superconductors with Tc onset above 90K. The transition midpoint temperature decreases smoothly when La content increases. The samples with x≥0.9 have a tetragonal structure and show semiconductor behavior with an exception of the x=1.0 sample which is a superconductor. Based on our previous and present studies, we concluded that the low dimensional character of the crystal structure and the mixed-valence state of copper or oxygen are necessary conditions for high-Tc superconductivity in copper-containing oxides.

Cerium Oxygen Apatite (Ce4.67[SiO4]3O) X-Ray Diffraction Pattern Revisited

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cuneyt Tas ◽  
Mufit Akinc
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Close Resemblance

AbstractA new X-ray diffraction pattern for the compound cerium oxygen apatite, Ce4.67[SiO4]3O is suggested. The compound was prepared by the solid state reaction of the oxides, CeO2 and SiO2 and has a hexagonal crystal structure with the lattice constants a = 9.6578 Å and c = 7.1187 Å. The sample of the most recent PDF pattern 31-0336* (Visser, 1978) for this compound is believed to be contaminated with significant quantities of N owing to the fact that it was prepared by mixing Ce2O3 and Si3N4 and its very close resemblance to the pattern displayed in the PDF 33-0333 given for the cerium “nitrogen” apatite, Ce5[SiO4]3N.

Crystal structure modification of the rhombohedral Mu phase in a C-276 alloy

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Raghavan Ayer ◽  
J. C. Scanlon ◽  
M. Watkins ◽  
G. A. Vaughn ◽  
J. W. Steeds
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Structure Modification ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal Structure ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Space Group

A new hexagonal crystal structure modification of the rhombohedral Mu phase with A7B6 stoichiometry was observed in a cast alloy C-276. The hexagonal structure was determined to share the same lattice parameter along the a axis, while the dimension along the c axis was such that chex = 2/3crhomb. The space group of the hexagonal phase is suggested to be P 63/mmc and forms by a four-layer ABAB repeat, where A and B represent Zr4Al3 and MgCu2 structures, respectively. Details of the diffraction analysis are presented in this article.

scholarly journals Struktur dan Sifat Dielektrik Senyawa Aurivillius CaBi3LaTi4O15 yang Disintesis dengan Teknik Hidrotermal

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Zulhadjri Zulhadjri ◽  
Firmanul Qadri Amir ◽  
Marsal Mahmud ◽  
Upita Septiani ◽  
Syukri Arief
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aurivillius Phase ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Ferroelectric Transition Temperature

Synthesis of four-layer Aurivillius CaBi3LaTi4O15 has been successfully carried out by hydrothermal technique using NaOH 4 M as mineralizer. The reaction was carried out at 220 °C for 72 h. Crystal structure, morphology, and dielectric properties were analyzed in this study. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the single-phase product was successfully obtained. The refinement result shows the product has orthorhombic crystal structure with space group A21am. The morphology analyzed using SEM shows plate-like grains are observed, which is characteristic of Aurivillius phase. Dielectric curves show peaks at 585 °C which indicate ferroelectric transition temperature.

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

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