Early Events Involving Glomerular Calcification Induced by Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Solution in Rats

To elucidate the nephrotoxicity of phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate solution was given to Sprague—Dawley rats by daily bolus intravenous administration at concentrations of 0, 1, 25, 250, or 360 mM (0, 1, 28, 284, or 408 mg/kg Na2HPO4)for 14 days, and the kidneys were pathologically examined. There were no remarkable changes in blood chemistry values; however, urinalysis revealed mild to moderate proteinuria in the 250 and 360 mM groups. The kidneys from the 360 mM group were macroscopically pale. Histopathology revealed panglomerular deposition of basophilic dense granules, which were positive for von Kossa's staining, accompanied by dose-dependent degeneration of the glomerular epithelium and parietal epithelium in the 250 and 360 mM groups. Electron microscopic examination showed fusion of podocytes and increased microvilli, with large amounts of debris in the Bowman's space. Low-density lamellar structures were present not only in the glomerular epithelium, basement membrane, mesangial matrix and parietal epithelium but also within the Bowman's space depending on the severity of the glomerular lesion. Phosphorus and calcium were detected by X-ray microanalysis as fine particles admixed with lamellar structures. These results suggest that high-dose phosphate used in this study transiently overloads the glomerular epithelium during filtration through glomerular capillaries and produces insoluble calcium salt and glomerular lesions, resulting in proteinuria.

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Dose, Efficacy and Acceptability of Oral Sodium Phosphate Solution for Bowel Preparation in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Single Blinded Study

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/s0016-5107(05)00639-5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. AB93

Author(s):

Mahmoud Sabri ◽

William Thompson ◽

Wendy Henderson ◽

Edward Barksdale ◽

Carlo Di Lorenzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Bowel Preparation ◽

Sodium Phosphate ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

Blinded Study ◽

Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽

Oral Sodium Phosphate ◽

Oral Sodium ◽

Oral Sodium Phosphate Solution

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Prospective, randomized trial comparing sodium phosphate solution with polyethylene glycol–electrolyte lavage for colonoscopy preparation

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

10.1016/s0016-5107(93)70213-8 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 631-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

John B. Marshall ◽

Juan J. Pineda ◽

James S. Barthel ◽

Paul D. King

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

Sodium Phosphate ◽

Prospective Randomized Trial ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽

Colonoscopy Preparation

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P23 Tolerability of prednisolone and dexamethasone in children in saudi arabia and the united kingdom

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2017-314585.32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. e2.26-e2

Author(s):

Fahad Aljebab ◽

Mofadhi Alanazi ◽

Imti Choonara ◽

Sharon Conroy

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Sodium Phosphate ◽

Oral Prednisolone ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

List Type ◽

Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽

The Uk

BackgroundCorticosteroids are used to treat conditions including acute asthma and croup where they are often given in short-courses. This study evaluated the tolerability and palatability of oral prednisolone and dexamethasone in children in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the UK.MethodsA prospective observational/interview study was performed. Palatability was evaluated by asking patient/parent’s opinions of the taste and acceptability of the medication. Children pointed at the appropriate face on a scale depicting: 1 ‘dislike very much’, 2 ‘dislike a little’, 3 ‘not sure’, 4 ‘like a little’ and 5 ‘like very much’.1 Tolerability, in particular nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain was evaluated by direct questioning of the patient/parents after each administration. Data was collected over three months in each centre. Patients aged 2–18 years treated with oral prednisolone or dexamethasone in hospital were approached to participate.ResultsIn SA, 122 patients (89 asthma, 33 croup), aged 2–10 years (mean=4.3) were recruited: 52 received prednisolone base tablets; 37 prednisolone sodium phosphate syrup; 33 dexamethasone elixir. In the UK, of 133 patients (80 asthma, 53 croup) aged 2–16 years (mean=4.9): 38 received prednisolone base tablets; 42 prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablets; 53 dexamethasone sodium phosphate oral solution.SA: Day 1 prednisolone base tablet palatability scores: 1 (88.5%); 2 (11.5%). Day 2 scores: 1 (64.4%); 2 (28.9%); 3 (6.7%). Day 1 prednisolone sodium phosphate solution palatability scores: 1 (48.6%); 2 (40.5%); 3 (10.8%). Day 2 scores: 1 (10.8%); 2 (67.6%); 3 (21.6%). Day 1 dexamethasone elixir palatability scores: 1 (27.3%); 2 (48.5%); 3 (24.2%).UK: Day 1 prednisolone base tablet palatability scores: 1 (76.3%); 2 (13.1%); 3 (5.3%); 4 (5.3%). Day 2 scores: 1 (61.3%); 2 (19.4%); 3 (16.1%); 4 (3.2%). Day 1 prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablet palatability scores: 1 (35.7%); 2 (26.2%); 3 (23.8%); 4 (11.9%) 5 (2.4%). Day 2 scores: 1 (16.7%); 2 (58.2%); 3 (16.7%); 4 (4.2%); 5 (4.2%). Day 1 dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution palatability scores: 1 (5.7%); 2 (28.3%); 3 (37.7%); 4 (17%); 5 (11.3%).Dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution had the highest palatability scores (P<706;0.0001). The score was lowest for prednisolone base tablets in both centres (P<0.0001).In SA prednisolone base tablets were associated with more cases of nausea (24 vs 7) and vomiting (5 vs 0) than prednisolone sodium phosphate syrup (p=0.008 and p=0.073 respectively). In the UK vomiting occurred significantly more frequently with prednisolone base tablets (8) than prednisolone sodium phosphate soluble tablets (2) (p=0.041).In both centres dexamethasone was associated with less side effects but with no significant difference between the formulations. Vomiting (1 vs 0), nausea (7 vs 3) and abdominal pain (10 vs 8) occurred more with dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution than dexamethasone elixir (p=1, p=0.53 and p=0.55 respectively).ConclusionsDexamethasone sodium phosphate solution was the most palatable preparation. Prednisolone base tablets were rated the least palatable and were also the least well tolerated. Palatability scores seemed to improve with second doses.ReferenceH. Hames H, Seabrook JA, Matsui D, Rieder MJ, Joubert GI. A palatability study of a flavoured dexamethasone preparation versus prednisolone liquid in children. Can. J. Clin. PharmacolJanuary 2008;15(1):e95–8.

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Mechanism of Flue Gas Desulfurization with Sodium Phosphate Solution

Chemical Engineering & Technology ◽

10.1002/ceat.201400301 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 2185-2189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhiguo Yuan ◽

Wei Song ◽

Youzhi Liu ◽

Xiaofeng Kang ◽

Bo Peng

Keyword(s):

Flue Gas ◽

Sodium Phosphate ◽

Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

Sodium Phosphate Solution

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Synthesis and Characterization of Ag Doped Hydroxylapatite via the Decomposition of EDTA Chelate

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.25 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 297-301 ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Dilara Cayir ◽

Celaletdin Ergun ◽

Sabahattin Guvendik

Keyword(s):

Silver Nitrate ◽

Sodium Phosphate ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽

In Situ Coating

It has been proven that HA coatings on implant materials treated with silver exhibited excellent antibacterial effects. Silver (Ag) ions were successfully incorporated into HA structure with the precipitation method. Although this method was pretty much suitable for the synthesis in powder form, it is not applicable to in-situ coating processes. The aim of the current study is to synthesize Ag ion incorporating HA via the decomposition of EDTA Chelate. For this reason, Ag doped crystalline-sodium and carbonate-containing HA solutions will be prepared using calcium-EDTA in a sodium phosphate solution, hydrogen peroxide and silver nitrate. As the source of Ag ions, silver nitrate was added into the solution in the desired proportions. Then, the samples were sintered at temperatures from 800oC to 1100oC and characterized with XRD and SEM.

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Effect of Saturation and Post Processing on 3D Printed Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.663 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 396-398 ◽

pp. 663-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tamas D. Szucs ◽

Dermot Brabazon

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Sodium Phosphate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Surface Topology ◽

Phosphate Solution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Sodium Phosphate Solution ◽

3D Printed

Three dimensional printing was investigated for fabricating hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite scaffolds using calcium phosphate based ceramics and calcium phosphate cement chemistry. Scaffolds were formed by printing an aqueous sodium phosphate solution on the powder bed consisting of a mixture of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) and calcium hydroxide powders. The sodium phosphate solution was functioning as a binder material and also as the initiator of the wet chemical reaction. Compressive mechanical properties of printed samples were examined as a function of saturation level that was inversely proportional to the powder to liquid ratio. To increase mechanical properties and obtain hydroxyapatite and β-TCP composites, the printed samples were sintered. The effect of sintering parameters including dwell time and sintering temperature were also examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine material composition at different stages of the manufacturing process and to confirm the presence of HA and β-TCP in the final stage. The effect of sintering procedure on the surface topology of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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