scholarly journals A Survey on Drug-Resistant Strains and Distribution of R Plasmids in E. coli Strains Isolated from Swine and Their Environment

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
HISASHI KANAI
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

scholarly journals R plasmids conferring multiple drug resistance from shigella isolated in Korea

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doki Chun ◽  
Dong Taek Cho ◽  
Sung Yong Seol ◽  
Min Ho Suh ◽  
Yoo Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

SUMMARYThe majority (85%) of shigella isolated in 1980 and 1981 in Korea wereShigella flexneri, the others wereSh. sonnei(14%) with only a small number ofSh. dysenteriae. Only 14 of the 459 strains of shigella isolated were susceptible to all 12 drugs tested, and 445 were resistant to three or more drugs. Strains multiply resistant to the six drugs, chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc), streptomycin (Sm), sulfisomidine (Su), ampicillin (Ap) and trimethoprim (Tp) were most frequently encountered, followed by those resistant to Cm, Tc, Sm, Su and Tp. The complete patterns of resistance to drugs except nalidixic acid and rifampin in approximately 73% of drug-resistant strains were co-transferred toEscherichia coliby conjugation, indicating that the resistance was R plasmid-mediated. Randomly selected R plasmids conferring various patterns of resistance markers were tested for the incompatibility groups, and almost all of them were classified intoIncFII. Two of three R plasmids conferring resistance to Cm, Tc, Sm and Su were classified intoIncB and one toIncFII. Two R types with resistance markers of Cm, Tc, Sm and Ap were not classified with our standard plasmids used.

THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF EPIDEMIC INFANTILE DIARRHEA DUE TO E. COLI 0-111 BY THE USE OF CHLORAMPHENICOL AND NEOMYCIN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
WARREN E. WHEELER ◽  
BERTHA WAINERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Level ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Infantile Diarrhea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Table IV represents a summary of our findings regarding the use of these two antibiotic drugs. We feel that both were effective in reducing the severity of the diarrhea, but that chloramphenicol was followed by the emergence of a distressing number of drug resistant strains of organisms which made it less satisfactory at the dosage level used than neomycin. An attempt to prevent cross infections by the prophylactic use of chloramphenicol failed. We would like to emphasize the relapsing nature of the disease, the need for special techniques to recognize the organism, its great transmisibility, and would caution others who treat outbreaks of this infection with antibiotics to be mindful of the need to watch for the development of drug resistant strains of the organism. Since neomycin appears to act in vivo as a bactericidal drug, it would seem to have theoretical as well as practical advantages over the broad spectrum antibiotic drugs in the treatment of this disease.[SEE TABLE IV IN SOURCE PDF.]

scholarly journals Change of drug resistance patterns and genetic properties of R plasmids inSalmonella typhimuriumof bovine origin isolated from 1970 to 1979 in northern Japan

1981 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Makino ◽  
N. Ishiguro ◽  
G. Sato ◽  
N. Seno
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Fertility Inhibition ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Clonal Distribution ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Northern Japan

SummaryA total of 321Salmonella typhimuriumstrains of bovine origin obtained in northern Japan during the period 1970–1979 were tested for drug resistance and detection of conjugative R plasmids. Three hundred and eighteen (99·1 %) of these strains were resistant to one or more drugs. The isolation frequency of multiply drug-resistant strains tended to increase year by year. Two hundred and thirty-seven (74·5%) of these resistant strains carried conjugative R plasmids. A total of 308 R plasmids including 174 (56·5 %) thermosensitive (ts) R plasmids were derived from the 237 drug-resistant strains, indicating that 71 (30·0%) strains have two different conjugative R plasmids in a single host cell. Of the 308 R plasmids examined for fertility inhibition (fi), 167 ts and 131 non-ts R plasmids werefi−. Of the 60 ts R plasmids examined for incompatibility, 50 were classified into H1 group and 10 into H2 group. Of the 52 non-ts R plasmids examined, 35 were classified into the Iα group and the remaining plasmids were untypable in our tests. Mercury resistance marker was found in about 20% of H1 R plasmids coding for multiresistance, and all of H2 R plasmids coded for resistance to tellurite. The clonal distribution of anS. typhimuriumstrain which carried an H1 R plasmid coding for resistance to six drugs and mercury was recognized in 1978 and 1979.

scholarly journals The biotyping ofEscherichia coliisolated from healthy farm animals

1982 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hinton ◽  
Vivien Allen ◽  
A. H. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

SummaryA total of 2973Escherichia coli, isolated from six different groups of animals, were examined for their ability to ferment adonitol, dulcitol, raffinose, rhamnose and sorbose in solid media. Twenty-nine fermentation patterns were recorded although 2443 (82%) of theE. colibelonged to seven of the 32 possible biotypes. Ninety-six O-serotypes were identified within the 2973E. coli.The number of O-serotypes represented in the 15 most common biotypes ranged from three to 15. Sero types O8 and O9 were found most commonly in the different groups of animals and several biotypes amongst these two O-serotypes were identified in two or more groups of the animals. The ability of theE. colito metabolize aesculin, ornithine, salicin and sucrose was also assessed. These tests proved less reproducible and were not included in the primary biotyping scheme although their use allowed the enumeration of additional biotypes. The application of biotyping to the study of the ecology of drug-resistant strains ofE. coliin five situations is briefly presented.

scholarly journals Attaching Zanamivir to a Polymer Markedly Enhances Its Activity Against Drug-resistant Strains of Influenza a Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha K. Weight ◽  
Jayanta Haldar ◽  
Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos ◽  
Larisa V. Gubareva ◽  
Terrence M. Tumpey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

DRUG RESISTANT STRAINS OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA

The Lancet ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 317 (8216) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Brian Darlow ◽  
Helena Vrbova ◽  
John Stace ◽  
Peter Heywood ◽  
Michael Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Tigecycline for Treatment of Nosocomial-Acquired Pneumonia Possibly Caused by Multi-Drug Resistant Strains ofStenotrophomonas maltophilia

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blanquer ◽  
J. De Otero ◽  
E. Padilla ◽  
F. Gòmez ◽  
A. Mayol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

scholarly journals The Effects of Oral Liposomal Glutathione and In Vitro Everolimus in Altering the Immune Responses against Mycobacterium bovis BCG Strain in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Kimberly To ◽  
Ruoqiong Cao ◽  
Aram Yegiazaryan ◽  
James Owens ◽  
Kayvan Sasaninia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) still remains a devastating infectious disease in the world. There has been a daunting increase in the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) worldwide. T2DM patients are three times more vulnerable to M. tb infection compared to healthy individuals. TB-T2DM coincidence is a challenge for global health control. Despite some progress in the research, M. tb still has unexplored characteristics in successfully evading host defenses. The lengthy duration of treatment, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains and extensive-drug-resistant strains of M. tb have made TB treatment very challenging. Previously, we have tested the antimycobacterial effects of everolimus within in vitro granulomas generated from immune cells derived from peripheral blood of healthy subjects. However, the effectiveness of everolimus treatment against mycobacterial infection in individuals with T2DM is unknown. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the combination of in vivo glutathione (GSH) supplementation in individuals with T2DM along with in vitro treatment of isolated immune cells with everolimus against mycobacterial infection has never been tested. Therefore, we postulated that liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) and everolimus would offer great hope for developing adjunctive therapy for mycobacterial infection. L-GSH or placebo was administered to T2DM individuals orally for three months. Study subjects’ blood was drawn pre- and post-L-GSH/or placebo supplementation, where Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood to conduct in vitro studies with everolimus. We found that in vitro treatment with everolimus, an mTOR (membrane target of rapamycin) inhibitor, significantly reduced intracellular M. bovis BCG infection alone and in conjunction with L-GSH supplementation. Furthermore, we found L-GSH supplementation coupled with in vitro everolimus treatment produced a greater effect in inhibiting the growth of intracellular Mycobacterium bovis BCG, than with the everolimus treatment alone. We also demonstrated the functions of L-GSH along with in vitro everolimus treatment in modulating the levels of cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 and IL-6, in favor of improving control of the mycobacterial infection. In summary, in vitro everolimus-treatment alone and in combination with oral L-GSH supplementation for three months in individuals with T2DM, was able to increase the levels of T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 as well as enhance the abilities of granulomas from individuals with T2DM to improve control of a mycobacterial infection.

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