scholarly journals The biotyping ofEscherichia coliisolated from healthy farm animals

1982 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hinton ◽  
Vivien Allen ◽  
A. H. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

SummaryA total of 2973Escherichia coli, isolated from six different groups of animals, were examined for their ability to ferment adonitol, dulcitol, raffinose, rhamnose and sorbose in solid media. Twenty-nine fermentation patterns were recorded although 2443 (82%) of theE. colibelonged to seven of the 32 possible biotypes. Ninety-six O-serotypes were identified within the 2973E. coli.The number of O-serotypes represented in the 15 most common biotypes ranged from three to 15. Sero types O8 and O9 were found most commonly in the different groups of animals and several biotypes amongst these two O-serotypes were identified in two or more groups of the animals. The ability of theE. colito metabolize aesculin, ornithine, salicin and sucrose was also assessed. These tests proved less reproducible and were not included in the primary biotyping scheme although their use allowed the enumeration of additional biotypes. The application of biotyping to the study of the ecology of drug-resistant strains ofE. coliin five situations is briefly presented.

The Effect of Withania somnifera Extract on Drug Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bokaeian ◽  
Barat Ali Fakheri ◽  
Nafise Mahdi Nejad ◽  
Hemadollah Zarei ◽  
Saeide Saeidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

scholarly journals R plasmids conferring multiple drug resistance from shigella isolated in Korea

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doki Chun ◽  
Dong Taek Cho ◽  
Sung Yong Seol ◽  
Min Ho Suh ◽  
Yoo Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

SUMMARYThe majority (85%) of shigella isolated in 1980 and 1981 in Korea wereShigella flexneri, the others wereSh. sonnei(14%) with only a small number ofSh. dysenteriae. Only 14 of the 459 strains of shigella isolated were susceptible to all 12 drugs tested, and 445 were resistant to three or more drugs. Strains multiply resistant to the six drugs, chloramphenicol (Cm), tetracycline (Tc), streptomycin (Sm), sulfisomidine (Su), ampicillin (Ap) and trimethoprim (Tp) were most frequently encountered, followed by those resistant to Cm, Tc, Sm, Su and Tp. The complete patterns of resistance to drugs except nalidixic acid and rifampin in approximately 73% of drug-resistant strains were co-transferred toEscherichia coliby conjugation, indicating that the resistance was R plasmid-mediated. Randomly selected R plasmids conferring various patterns of resistance markers were tested for the incompatibility groups, and almost all of them were classified intoIncFII. Two of three R plasmids conferring resistance to Cm, Tc, Sm and Su were classified intoIncB and one toIncFII. Two R types with resistance markers of Cm, Tc, Sm and Ap were not classified with our standard plasmids used.

Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Shrimps and Their Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1394-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
KANJANA CHANGKAEW ◽  
FUANGFA UTRARACHKIJ ◽  
KANOKRAT SIRIPANICHGON ◽  
CHIE NAKAJIMA ◽  
ORASA SUTHIENKUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Shrimp Farms

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with food and water is a global concern. To survey the risk, 312 Escherichia coli isolates from shrimp farms and markets in Thailand were examined for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials. The results showed that 17.6% of isolates (55 of 312) were resistant to at least one of the tested drugs, and high resistance rates were observed to tetracycline (14.4%; 45 of 312), ampicillin (8.0%; 25 of 312), and trimethroprim (6.7%; 21 of 312); 29.1% (16 of 55) were multidrug resistant. PCR assay of the tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(G) genes detected one or more of these genes in 47 of the 55 resistant isolates. Among these genes, tet(A) (69.1%; 38 of 55) was the most common followed by tet(B) (56.4%; 31 of 55) and tet(C) (3.6%; 2 of 55). The resistant isolates were further investigated for class 1 integrons. Of the 55 resistant isolates, 16 carried class 1 integrons and 7 carried gene cassettes encoding trimethoprim resistance (dfrA12 or dfrA17) and aminoglycosides resistance (aadA2 or aadA5). Two class 1 integrons, In54 (dfrA17-aadA5) and In27 (dfrA12-orfF-aadA2), were found in four and three isolates, respectively. These results indicate a risk of drug-resistant E. coli contamination in shrimp farms and selling places. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli carrying tet genes and class 1 integrons indicates an urgent need to monitor the emergence of drug-resistant E. coli to control the dissemination of drug-resistant strains and the further spread of resistance genes to other pathogenic bacteria.

THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF EPIDEMIC INFANTILE DIARRHEA DUE TO E. COLI 0-111 BY THE USE OF CHLORAMPHENICOL AND NEOMYCIN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363
Author(s):  
WARREN E. WHEELER ◽  
BERTHA WAINERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Level ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Infantile Diarrhea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Table IV represents a summary of our findings regarding the use of these two antibiotic drugs. We feel that both were effective in reducing the severity of the diarrhea, but that chloramphenicol was followed by the emergence of a distressing number of drug resistant strains of organisms which made it less satisfactory at the dosage level used than neomycin. An attempt to prevent cross infections by the prophylactic use of chloramphenicol failed. We would like to emphasize the relapsing nature of the disease, the need for special techniques to recognize the organism, its great transmisibility, and would caution others who treat outbreaks of this infection with antibiotics to be mindful of the need to watch for the development of drug resistant strains of the organism. Since neomycin appears to act in vivo as a bactericidal drug, it would seem to have theoretical as well as practical advantages over the broad spectrum antibiotic drugs in the treatment of this disease.[SEE TABLE IV IN SOURCE PDF.]

scholarly journals Influence of Antibiotic Selection on Genetic Composition of Escherichia coli Populations from Conventional and Organic Dairy Farms

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (19) ◽  
pp. 5982-5989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth T. Walk ◽  
Janice M. Mladonicky ◽  
Jaclyn A. Middleton ◽  
Anthony J. Heidt ◽  
Julie R. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT The widespread agricultural use of antimicrobials has long been considered a crucial influence on the prevalence of resistant genes and bacterial strains. It has been suggested that antibiotic applications in agricultural settings are a driving force for the development of antimicrobial resistance, and epidemiologic evidence supports the view that there is a direct link between resistant human pathogens, retail produce, farm animals, and farm environments. Despite such concerns, little is understood about the population processes underlying the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance and the reversibility of resistance when antibiotic selective pressure is removed. In this study, hierarchical log-linear modeling was used to assess the association between farm type (conventional versus organic), age of cattle (calf versus cow), bacterial phenotype (resistant versus susceptible), and the genetic composition of Escherichia coli populations (E. coli Reference Collection [ECOR] phylogroup A, B1, B2, or D) among 678 susceptible and resistant strains from a previously published study of 60 matched dairy farms (30 conventional and 30 organic) in Wisconsin. The analysis provides evidence for clonal resistance (ampicillin resistance) and genetic hitchhiking (tetracycline resistance [Tetr]), estimated the rate of compositional change from conventional farming to organic farming (mean, 8 years; range, 3 to 15 years), and discovered a significant association between low multidrug resistance, organic farms, and strains of the numerically dominant phylogroup B1. These data suggest that organic farming practices not only change the frequency of resistant strains but also impact the overall population genetic composition of the resident E. coli flora. In addition, the results support the hypothesis that the current prevalence of Tetr loci on dairy farms has little to do with the use of this antibiotic.

scholarly journals Complete genomic characterisation of two Escherichia coli lineages responsible for a cluster of carbapenem resistant infections in a Chinese hospital

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zong ◽  
Samuel Fenn ◽  
Christopher Connor ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Alan McNally
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
West China Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

AbstractThe increase in infections as a result of multi-drug resistant strains of Escherichia coli is a global health crisis. The emergence of globally disseminated lineages of E. coli carrying ESBL genes has been well characterised. An increase in strains producing carbapenemase enzymes and mobile colistin resistance is now being reported, but to date there is little genomic characterisation of such strains. Routine screening of patients within an ICU of West China Hospital identified a number of E. coli carrying the blaNDM-5 carbapenemase gene, found to be two distinct clones, E. coli ST167 and ST617. Interrogation of publically available data shows isolation of ESBL and carbapenem resistant strains of both lineages from clinical cases across the world. Further analysis of a large collection of publically available genomes shows that ST167 and ST617 have emerged in distinct patterns from the ST10 clonal complex of E. coli, but share evolutionary events involving switches in LPS genetics, intergenic regions and anaerobic metabolism loci. These may be evolutionary events which underpin the emergence of carbapenem resistance plasmid carriage in E. coli.

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