scholarly journals A Dual Isotope Protocol to Separate the Contributions to Phosphorus Content of Maize Shoots and Soil Phosphorus Fractions from Biosolids, Fertilizer and Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
JEAN DAVIS ◽  
RICHARD J FLAVEL ◽  
GRAEME BLAIR
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biosolids Application ◽  
Total P

Separation of the phosphorus (P) contributions from soil, fertilizer and biosolids to plants has not been possible without the aid of radioisotopes. Dual labelling of soil with 32P and fertilizer with 33P isotopes has been used to partition the sources of P in maize (Zea mays) shoots and in soil P pools. Biosolids containing 4.1% P that had been prepared using Fe and Al were applied to a Kurosol soil from Goulburn, NSW, Australia. The biosolids were applied at five rates up to 60 dry t/ha with and without P fertilizer. Phosphorus derived from fertilizer was determined directly with33 P and that from soil by32 P reverse dilution. Phosphorus derived from biosolids was estimated as the difference between total P and that derived from the soil plus fertilizer calculated from isotope data. Yield and P content of maize shoots increased linearly with the rate of biosolidsapplication. The proportion of P in the plant derived from biosolids also increased with application rate up to 88% for the soil receiving biosolids at 60 dry t/ha with no fertilizer. The corresponding value with fertilizer applied at 80 kg P/ha was 69%. The proportion of P in the maize shoots derived from soil and fertilizer decreased as biosolids application rate increased. Soil total P, bicarbonate extractable P, Al-P, Fe-P and Ca-P increased with biosolids application rate. The increase in plant P uptake and in bicarbonate extractable P in the soil shows that biosolids P provides a readily available source of P. A decrease in uptake of fertilizer and soil P with increasing biosolids application is attributed to the decrease in the proportion of P from these sources in the total pool of available P, rather than to immobilization of P by Fe and Al in the biosolids.

scholarly journals Four soil phosphorus (P) tests evaluated by plant P uptake and P balancing in the Ultuna long-term field experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosch Klaus A ◽  
Santner Jakob ◽  
Parvage Mohammed Masud ◽  
Gerzabek Martin Hubert ◽  
Zehetner Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil P Tests ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Term Field

Soil phosphorus (P) availability was assessed with four different soil P tests on seven soils of the Ultuna long-term field experiment (Sweden). These four soil P tests were (1) P-H<sub>2</sub>O (water extractable P); (2) P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> (water extractable P upon 10 consecutive extractions); (3) P-AL (ammonium lactate extractable P) and (4) P-C<sub>DGT</sub> (P desorbable using diffusive gradients in thin films). The suitability of these soil P tests to predict P availability was assessed by correlation with plant P uptake (mean of preceding 11 years) and soil P balancing (input vs. output on plot level for a period of 54 years). The ability to predict these parameters was in the order P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> &gt; P-C<sub>DGT</sub> &gt; P-H<sub>2</sub>O &gt; P-AL. Thus, methods considering the P-resupply from the soil solid phase to soil solution performed clearly better than equilibrium-based extractions. Our findings suggest that the P-AL test, commonly used for P-fertilizer recommendations in Sweden, could not predict plant P uptake and the soil P balance in a satisfying way in the analysed soils.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus bioavailability as influenced by long-term management and applied phosphorus source

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-304
Author(s):  
Tandra D. Fraser ◽  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Ivan P. O’Halloran ◽  
R. Paul Voroney ◽  
Martin H. Entz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Term Management

Soil phosphorus (P) availability may be impacted by management practices, thereby affecting plant P uptake and plant response to P amendments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term management on soil P pools and to assess the response of P bioavailability, plant growth, and P uptake to mineral versus manure P treatments. Soils were collected from plots under organic (ORG), organic with composted manure (ORG + M), conventional (CONV), and restored prairie (PRA) management. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 106 d in soils amended with various rates of manure or mineral P. The ORG soil had lower concentrations of labile P (resin-P and NaHCO3-P) compared with the CONV and PRA soils, as determined by sequential P fractionation prior to planting. Ryegrass biomass (root + shoot) and shoot P uptake from soils receiving no P were significantly lower for the ORG than all other management systems. Although apparent P use efficiency of the whole plant was increased by low P rate in the ORG management system, the source of applied P, manure > mineral, only influenced Olsen test P.

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

scholarly journals Correlation of extractable soil phosphorus (P) with plant P uptake: 14 extraction methods applied to 50 agricultural soils from Central Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehetner Franz ◽  
Wuenscher Rosemarie ◽  
Peticzka Robert ◽  
Unterfrauner Hans
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Total P

The aim of this study was to test different soil phosphorus (P) extraction methods in relation to plant P uptake. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with spring wheat. The soils were extracted with the following methods/extractants: H<sub>2</sub>O, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, LiCl, iron oxide impregnated filter papers (Fe-oxide P<sub>i</sub>), Olsen, calcium-acetate-lactate (CAL), cation and anion exchange membranes (CAEM), Mehlich 3, Bray and Kurtz II (Bray II), citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite, organic P, HCl, acid ammonium oxalate, total P. Plant P uptake was in the range of the P extracted by neutral salt solutions (CaCl<sub>2</sub>, LiCl). P extracted with H<sub>2</sub>O, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and CAEM correlated best with plant P uptake over one growing season, while several established soil P test methods, including CAL, Mehlich 3 and Bray II, did not show significant correlations. When grouping the soils according to pH, the weaker extraction methods (H<sub>2</sub>O, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, LiCl) showed significant correlations with plant P uptake only for the low and intermediate pH groups (pH in 1 mol/L KCl ≤ 6.6), while some of the stronger extraction methods (CAL, Mehlich 3, Bray II, dithionite, oxalate, total P) showed significant correlations only for the high pH group (&gt; 6.6) comprised of calcareous soils. It was concluded that weaker P extraction methods, especially neutral salt solutions best predict plant-available P in the short term. However, they do not perform well for calcareous (and clayey) soils and do not account for P that may become available beyond one growing season.

Effect of Leaching on Loss of Soil Phosphorus in Different Types of Sand Dune in Horqin Sandy Land, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3818-3827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Lai Zhou ◽  
De Ming Jiang ◽  
Zhi Min Liu ◽  
Alamusa ◽  
Xue Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Horqin Sandy Land ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Total P

We simulated P leaching on active dune (AD), semi-stabilized dune (SSD) and stabilized dune (SD) under 140, 700 and 1400 mm of rainfall in Horqin Sandy Land Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that the available phosphorus (AP) pool decreased by 5–50% in topsoil (0–10 cm), and increased by -5–220% in subsoil (10–20 cm) in AD, SSD, and SD soil. The total P (TP) pool in topsoil (0–10 cm) decreased by 1.8–5.0%, and increased by -5–4.6% in subsoil (10–20 cm) in AD, SSD, and SD soil. The P loss in the soils (0-20 cm) was 0.5–4.5% in AD, SSD, and SD soil. These data indicated that significant downward movement of P occurred during soil leaching. And, the movement of soil P by leaching can cause P loss and changes in vertical distribution of P. Moreover, the difference in P concentration, drawn up by plant roots, between topsoil and subsoil can buffer the P loss at the start of leaching. Therefore, vegetation restoration is essential to reduce P loss in sandy lands.

scholarly journals Relative Suitability of Phosphorus Extraction Procedures for F Tropical Ferralsol

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
J. S. Tenywa ◽  
E. Odama ◽  
A. K. Amoding
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
P Application

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive capacity common procedures for soil P extraction and testing in laboratories in the region. Materials and Methods: A pot study with treatments viz. soil phosphorus extraction methods (Bray I, Bray II and Mehlich 3), and six P application rates (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg P ha-1). Maize (Zea mays L.) variety Longe IV was the test crop. A Ferralsol from northwestern Uganda (West Nile) was used in this study. Results and Conclusion: Mehlich 3 correlated most with plant P uptake by presenting the highest correlation coefficient with plant P content (r = 0.254) and a number of leaves per plant (r = 0.733). A strong positive correlation existed between Bray I and Mehlich 3 extractable P values (r = 0.975), suggesting lack of a marked difference between them; implying that either of the two procedures could be applied for soil P extraction in Ferralsols. However, Mehlich 3, being a multi-nutrient extractant, was recommended as the most suitable for P extraction for the Ferralsol used in this study.

Stratification, forms, and mobility of phosphorus in the topsoil of a Chromosol used for dairying

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dougherty ◽  
D. M. Nash ◽  
D. J. Chittleborough ◽  
J. W. Cox ◽  
N. K. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total P

The forms and stratification of soil phosphorus (P) and their relationship to mobile forms of P were investigated in soils collected from a subcatchment used for grazing of dairy cattle in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia. Phosphorus in the soils was highly stratified. The concentration of calcium chloride extractable P in the 0–0.01 m increment was, on average, 5.7 times greater than in the 0.05–0.10 m increment. Organic P (% of total P) in the top 0.01 m was significantly (P < 0.001) related to soil P content such that low P soils (total P of ~600 mg/kg) had high proportions of Po (~65%), whereas high P soils (total P of ~2000 mg/kg) had low proportions (~25%) of Po. Runoff P from these soils was predominantly (86%) dissolved (i.e. <0.45 μm). There was a significant (P < 0.001) exponential relationship between Olsen P in the top 0.01 m and dissolved P concentration in runoff. The form of dissolved P in runoff from soil in repacked trays was also significantly (P < 0.001) related to soil P. Runoff from low P soils (high Po) had high proportions (>50%) of dissolved unreactive P (DUP), whereas runoff from high P soils (low Po) had low proportions of DUP (<10%). Ultrafiltration of runoff samples revealed that 94 and 65% of the dissolved reactive P and DUP, respectively, was subcolloidal (i.e. <1 nm). These results highlight the relationship between soil fertility, the forms of soil P, and the concentrations and forms of P mobilised in runoff. Such relationships need to be considered in further studies of P mobilisation and the subsequent development of strategies designed to reduce runoff P concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization on soil phosphorus in a long-term field experiment in southern Finland

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Jaakkola ◽  
Helinä Hartikainen ◽  
Riitta Lemola
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Movement ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Fractionation Analysis ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
Loam Soil

A field experiment was established in 1978 on a loam soil (pH in CaCl2 7.1) to monitor gradual changes in the soil P status as response to different P fertilization regimes. For 18 years, cereals or grass were cultivated without P fertilization (P0) or with annual P application of 35 kg ha-1 (P1) or 70-79 kg P ha-1 and 71-83 kg K ha-1 (P2K). The effects of the treatments on the crop yield varied yearly. The Chang and Jackson fractionation analysis revealed that fertilizer P not taken up by the plant crops was mostly in the NH4F extract and to a lesser extent in the NaOH extract. The NH4F-extractable P proved also to be the main P source for plants. However, the changes in the reserves of inorganic and organic P did not agree very well with the calculated P balance in soil (applied P minus plant P uptake). This disproportion was partly explained by the soil movement from plots to the neighbouring ones during the experiment. Phosphorus extractable in acid ammonium acetate or water decreased gradually when no P was applied and increased with increasing P accumulation. The changes in the inorganic P reserves due to different P fertilization history were reflected a little more sensitively in the water extraction test than in the acid acetate test.

Dynamics of fractionated rhizosphere soil P and plant P uptake under maize/P-mobilizing legumes intercropping in strongly weathered soil of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Soh Sugihara ◽  
Tomomi Kawashita ◽  
Mawazo Shitindi ◽  
Boniface Massawe ◽  
Haruo Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Weathered Soil ◽  
Plant P Uptake

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal dynamics of soil phosphorus and crop uptake in global cropland during the 20th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2055-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Arthur H. W. Beusen ◽  
Dirk F. Van Apeldoorn ◽  
José M. Mogollón ◽  
Chaoqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Explicit Model ◽  
Spatially Explicit Model ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Crop Uptake

Abstract. Phosphorus (P) plays a vital role in global crop production and food security. In this study, we investigate the changes in soil P pool inventories calibrated from historical countrywide crop P uptake, using a 0.5-by-0.5° spatially explicit model for the period 1900–2010. Globally, the total P pool per hectare increased rapidly between 1900 and 2010 in soils of Europe (+31 %), South America (+2 %), North America (+15 %), Asia (+17 %), and Oceania (+17 %), while it has been stable in Africa. Simulated crop P uptake is influenced by both soil properties (available P and the P retention potential) and crop characteristics (maximum uptake). Until 1950, P fertilizer application had a negligible influence on crop uptake, but recently it has become a driving factor for food production in industrialized countries and a number of transition countries like Brazil, Korea, and China. This comprehensive and spatially explicit model can be used to assess how long surplus P fertilization is needed or how long depletions of built-up surplus P can continue without affecting crop yield.

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