scholarly journals FINANCE MANAGEMENT IN ARTS ORGANIZATIONS IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesela Kazashka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arts Organizations ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Organizations ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Arts organizations are a major factor in the Bulgarian economic. Good management of Art  organizations  is also associated with good financial management and control in order to achieve their  goals and objectives. The delegated budgets, the small scale of most of the Arts organizations, are a prerequisite for saving money or imposing the appointment of a financial controller. The lack of such a specialist in turn leads to poor control, inefficient spending of funds, violations and failure to verify costs, which can sometimes lead to bankruptcy. The objective of the report is two-sided - on the one hand, preventing the repetition of mistakes perceived as unsuccessful practices and, on the other hand, emphasizing the place and role of controlling the financial execution of a project and its importance for optimizing the effectiveness of the implementation as well as in the overall activity of Art  organizations.

Art and Brand Contamination

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-354
Author(s):  
Marta Massi ◽  
Chiara Piancatelli ◽  
Sonia Pancheri
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Arts Organizations ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Low Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Albeit often perceived as two worlds apart, low culture and high culture are increasingly converging to collaborate in mutually advantageous ways. Brands—including the name, term, sign, symbol, or combination of them that identify the goods and services of a seller or group of sellers, and differentiate them from those of the competitors—are the new territory where high culture and low culture co-exist and collaborate, creating new possibilities of cross-fertilization and hybridization between the two. Through the analysis of successful examples coming from different industries, this chapter aims to highlight how brands have blurred the distinction between low culture and high culture. On the one hand, brands can use the heritage of the arts world to gain authenticity and legitimate themselves in the eyes of consumers and the society. On the other hand, artists and arts organizations, such as museums and other art institutions, can indulge in popular culture in order to become appealing to younger target markets and enhance their brand awareness and image.

The Role of Collaboration to Encourage Civic Engagement through the Arts

2017 ◽  
pp. 476-498
Author(s):  
Tina Dippert ◽  
Erna Gelles ◽  
Meg Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Arts Organizations ◽  
Arts Funding ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Relevant Community

Historically governments have used art's universal language to achieve various goals, including political engagement through cultural enrichment. Employing nonprofit/public sector relationships for the arts presents myriad governance challenges, but always with the promise of intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. This chapter presents two cases to illustrate such collaborative relationships. Applying various nonprofit theories, stakeholder discussions and Sherry R. Arnstein's still relevant community engagement work to explore relationships between sectors in arts funding, the first involves the passage of a local tax to provide funding for arts education and arts organizations. The second illustrates an instrumental relationship between a local government and nonprofit to provide art programs to promote tolerance in an increasingly diverse community. Both cases present imperfect policies, but represent the continuation of an ancient practice wherein the arts are being used for more than arts' sake, but to serve a multitude of non-arts instrumental societal functions.

scholarly journals Problems of Working Women in the Rural Informal Sector of Punjab (Pakistan)

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Karamat Ali ◽  
Abdul Hamid Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The One

The informal sector plays a significant role in Pakistan’s economy as well as in other developing countries. The role of the informal sector in solving the unemployment problem of Third World countries has become the focus of a conceptual and empirical debate in recent years. Most of the research takes a favourable view of this sector and suggests that it should be used as a policy instrument for the solution of the most pressing problems of developing countries, such as unemployment, poverty, income inequalities, etc. Before proceeding further, we will define the informal sector and differentiate it from the formal sector. There are various definitions, but the one given in an ILO report (1972) is generally considered the best. According to this report, informal sector activities are ways of doing things characterised by a heterogeneous array of economic activities with relative ease of entry, reliance on indigenous resources; temporary or variable structure and family ownership of enterprises, small scale of operation, labour intensive and adapted technology, skills acquired outside the formal school system, not depending on formal financial institutions for its credit needs; unregulated and unregistered units, and not observing fixed hours/days of operation.

The Role of Collaboration to Encourage Civic Engagement Through the Arts

2019 ◽  
pp. 539-561
Author(s):  
Tina Dippert ◽  
Erna Gelles ◽  
Meg Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Arts Organizations ◽  
Arts Funding ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Art Programs ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Relevant Community

Historically governments have used art's universal language to achieve various goals, including political engagement through cultural enrichment. Employing nonprofit/public sector relationships for the arts presents myriad governance challenges, but always with the promise of intrinsic and extrinsic benefits. This chapter presents two cases to illustrate such collaborative relationships. Applying various nonprofit theories, stakeholder discussions and Sherry R. Arnstein's still relevant community engagement work to explore relationships between sectors in arts funding, the first involves the passage of a local tax to provide funding for arts education and arts organizations. The second illustrates an instrumental relationship between a local government and nonprofit to provide art programs to promote tolerance in an increasingly diverse community. Both cases present imperfect policies, but represent the continuation of an ancient practice wherein the arts are being used for more than arts' sake, but to serve a multitude of non-arts instrumental societal functions.

of the house, both practically and symbolically — a role which links women, not only with the traditional concept of hearth and home, but also indicates her authority and control in that sphere (Bonomi & Ruta Serafini 1994). Keys and women are further symbolised in religious iconography, as we will see later. Sex The depiction of love-making, on both beds and chairs, is very graphically represented in situla art (fig. 6). Boardman wrote that "love-making has iconographie conventions like any other . . . whether the intention is pleasure, display, procreation or cult" and indeed all these explanations have been offered as explanation for such scenes in situla art. I would concur with Boardman and Bonfante that these depictions are purely secular (Boardman 1971; Bonfante 1981), rather than ritual, as suggested by Kastelic and Eibner. The scene on the Castelvetro mirror (fig. 6, 1), which, as we have seen, is for Kastelic a hieros gamos, could, perhaps, be more plausibly can be read in the form of a strip cartoon, in which a rider arrives on horseback, a prostitute is procured, with price being negotiated between a man and a woman — with the women holding up two fingers the man one — and the act subsequently carried out after further arrangements between a woman and a seated man. In all probability this was a recognisable story, perhaps related to the one about the inn-keeper's daughter still celebrated in Italian popular song, or, if we take into account the link between this and Etruscan mirrors, perhaps even some myth or legend. Even though the bed is in the form of the Urnfield bird-headed sun-boat, since the latter is such a common decorative motif, it cannot be used to interpret this as a religious image. The fact that this 'tale' is depicted on a mirror, which one presumes was a female item, is rather surprising and suggests that, either it was intended as a gift for a high class prostitute, or can be seen a rather crude allusion to sex on a gift for a more respectable woman. Whatever the interpretation, there is surely some relationship between the mirror, as an object of self adornment, and the subject matter depicted on it, which again follows the tendency of situla art to relate decoration to the function of the object. This and other depictions of love-making, rich in the sensuous detail of vibrating mattresses and pubic hair, indeed are more redolent of an earthy Italic sense of enjoyment than any religious allusion to sacred marriage. Such sexually explicit designs are comparable with Eruscan tomb painting and may reflect the open sexuality held to be characteristic of Etruscan women, which was commented on by Theopompus in the 4th century BC (Bonfante 1994). We can conclude that women may be shown in mainly subservient roles on the situlae because these were used in the context of male entertainment and festivals, but on the rattle they appear in a more productive light. The mirror, certainly belonging to someone with wealth, if not respectability, carries a more uncertain message. On Greek red figure drinking cups, objects of male use, we sometime find a duality of the representation of the hetairai and the virtuous wife, sometimes on the same cup, with the latter, incidentally, often engaged in spinning or weaving (Beard 1991: 28- 9). Female deities The representation of a goddess with the keys, as well as animals, is found in situla art on five votive plaques probably found in a hoard near Montebelluna (Fogolari 1956) (fig. 7). The figure, accompanied by both plants and animals, is, according to Fogolari, probably a fertility goddess, Pothnia theron — a Venetic equivalent of Demeter — carrying the key to both the opening of the fertility of plants and help in the birth of animals and women (Fogolari 1956). Keys, however, as we have seen, are also found in female graves in the area, where they suggest the role of women as keepers of the household, a role which may also have been sanctioned in the supernatural world (Bonomi & Ruta Serafini 1994).

2016 ◽  
pp. 162-165
Keyword(s):  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Female Deities ◽  
The One ◽  
Religious Iconography ◽  
And Control ◽  
Religious Image

The financial management of cocaine trafficking in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082098044
Author(s):  
Fiamma Terenghi
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
National Market ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Drawing on a set of empirical data, including in-depth interviews with law enforcers and public prosecutors, the article provides preliminary and detailed information on the structure, social organization of actors and financial management of cocaine trafficking in Italy. The article aims to increase knowledge on the financing mechanisms of organized crime activities and uses the Italian cocaine market as a case example. The findings suggest that the national market is fragmented into an interplay of actors who belong to upper, middle or low segments, depending on the level of the trafficking operations (that is, large, medium, small scale), that join as criminal networks to lower risks and maximize profits. These networks are mainly based on family, kinship or ethnic ties or relations built in other social/work settings. Cocaine trafficking operations are financed by both legal and illegal capital whose boundaries are blurred especially when organized crime groups are involved. Settlement of payments in cocaine trafficking operations reflects the level of trust between buyers and suppliers, with credit arrangements often set in longstanding business relationships or, at the other extreme, at the retail level to test clients’ reliability. The findings also add knowledge to existing research, improve the understanding and representation of organized crime, and contribute to enhance prevention and control activities of law enforcers, prosecutors and policy makers at the European and international level.

scholarly journals Audience Development of an Art Organization in Terms of Relationship Marketing

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 98-115
Author(s):  
Ugnė Pavlovaitė ◽  
Ingrida Griesienė
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Arts Organizations ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Organizations ◽  
Audience Development ◽  
Art Industry

The article conceptualizes the audience of art organization, introduces the main art organization audience’s groups and analyzes the concept of relationship marketing in the context of art organizations. Relationship marketing tools are identified as an important instrumentality in order to develop and maintain networks between interested parties (various audience groups). The art industry is perceived as a medium for the implementation of relationship marketing. The theoretical platform model that is developed by art industry organizations is revealed as a universal and widely applicable tool among the biennials of contemporary art. The analysis of academic discourse presents the key groups of relationship marketing as well as dimensions which allows to evaluate the success of maintained networks. Following the features of public sector institutions a noticeable aspect in building relationships is the pursuit of economical benefit. Despite the economical benefits, interested audience groups of art organization are seeking of social benefits. At this point, the main relationship marketing dimensions – trust, commitment, satisfaction – are considered as a valuable measurement of the created platform network that reveals quality. It is concluded that arts organizations use appropriate relationship marketing tools to identify, establish, and maintain long-term relationships with their audience, for which the arts organizations provide additional organizational resources related to communication. The article presents an empirical study of the marketing relations of the biennial from research conducted in 2019 about the development of the biennial of contemporary art as an art platform where relationship marketing, as well as the main art organization audience groups, were presented. Case studies of the biennials of the contemporary art biennales Kaunas Biennial and EVA International were carried out. A qualitative study was chosen in order to empirically test the functioning of the theoretical model of the biennial as an art platform in terms of relationship marketing. Research data were collected using a qualitative (structured-standardized interview) research method. Following the analysis of the scientific literature and the empirical research data, guidelines for the development of an art organizations in terms of audience development were created.

scholarly journals Gossip, Reputation, and Sustainable Cooperation

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Giardini ◽  
Rafael Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Reputation Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Gossip is often invoked as playing a fundamental role for creating, sustaining, or destroying cooperation. The reason seems straightforward: gossip can make or break someone’s reputation. This chapter puts this standard reputational model to closer scrutiny. It argues that there are at least three other models to consider, and it presents an analytical framework to disentangle similarities and differences between these models. Explicating all three roles in the gossip triad, it allows to distinguish (a) individual motives behind gossiping, (b) its reputation effects on the actors, (c) the impact of gossip and reputation on the quality and sustainability of cooperation, and (d) the role of the context. Applying the framework reveals a deep divide between reputation and punishment models propagated by experimental economics and evolutionary psychology, on the one hand, and coalition and control models informed by sociology, on the other hand. The chapter discusses implications for a sociological research agenda.

Experienced Anxiety and Death Impulse in Diabetic Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Ndje Mireille
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Patient ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

The drive and the experience of the diabetic adolescent have been extensively discussed, but not enough the one of the death drive in teenagers suffering from diabetes. Some researchers have addressed this issue raising the expression of suffering and the role of caregivers in caring for the person with diabetes. The refusal to be treated is due to the fact that diabetes unlike other chronic diseases requires daily injections, adherence to a diet and control of blood sugar every day. We are interested in the teenager who is invaded by the death drive due to the imprint of diabetes on his adolescence thereby weakening his psyche. The main goal is to understand the experiences of non-compliant adolescents living with diabetes. To achieve this, we used the clinical method and the clinical interviews have been done at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé from three participants. These interviews have been treated through a content analysis and the findings show that diabetes sound on the psyche of the teenager. So, this disease cause suffering, pain related to daily injections that grow some adolescents with non-therapeutic compliance and even refusal to seek treatment. Thus, this disease destroys the body of the adolescent, limits his pleasures, disintegrates his body, makes him suffer. Indeed, it damages the body of the adolescent, destroys it for the sole purpose of annihilating it. All these difficulties related to the disease in adolescence weaken his psyche and develop in him the death drive. This allowed us to the deadly trends in the adolescent who suffers because of his posture of chronic patient as well as all the restrictions imposed by the disease to adolescence weakening his psyche that could lead to an uncertain death.

Financial Management for the Arts: A Guidebook for Arts Organizations

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Sidney B. Zamochnick ◽  
Charles A. Nelson ◽  
Frederick J. Turk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Arts Organizations ◽  
The Arts
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