The financial management of cocaine trafficking in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082098044
Author(s):  
Fiamma Terenghi
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
National Market ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Drawing on a set of empirical data, including in-depth interviews with law enforcers and public prosecutors, the article provides preliminary and detailed information on the structure, social organization of actors and financial management of cocaine trafficking in Italy. The article aims to increase knowledge on the financing mechanisms of organized crime activities and uses the Italian cocaine market as a case example. The findings suggest that the national market is fragmented into an interplay of actors who belong to upper, middle or low segments, depending on the level of the trafficking operations (that is, large, medium, small scale), that join as criminal networks to lower risks and maximize profits. These networks are mainly based on family, kinship or ethnic ties or relations built in other social/work settings. Cocaine trafficking operations are financed by both legal and illegal capital whose boundaries are blurred especially when organized crime groups are involved. Settlement of payments in cocaine trafficking operations reflects the level of trust between buyers and suppliers, with credit arrangements often set in longstanding business relationships or, at the other extreme, at the retail level to test clients’ reliability. The findings also add knowledge to existing research, improve the understanding and representation of organized crime, and contribute to enhance prevention and control activities of law enforcers, prosecutors and policy makers at the European and international level.

The impact of supportive supervision of infection prevention and control practices on Ebola outbreak in Liberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Ogbaini-Emovon Ephraim ◽  
Sneh Cyrus ◽  
Pajibo Myer ◽  
Abah Steve
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Supportive Supervision ◽  
And Control ◽  
Isolation Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Background: Supportive supervision of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices was one of a range of interventions employed at the county level in the control of the world’s most deadly Ebola virus disease outbreak that affected Liberia during 2013–2016. Methods: Datasets generated from four consecutive assessment visits to 25 health facilities in Maryland County, in Liberia, were analysed. Information on IPC practices was obtained by interview, direct observation and completion of a standardised assessment tool. For each of the IPC fields assessed, a score < 50% was graded poor, 50–75% as fair, while > 75% was rated as good. Results: Before the intervention, the first assessment (baseline) indicated that the majority of the health facilities scored low in terms of isolation facilities, IPC administration, supply and equipment, personnel and staffing, triage and waste management. Following the application of supportive supervision and monitoring, all the facilities recorded moderate to good performance in all the fields during the fourth round of assessment, except for isolation facilities, which scored low. Conclusion: Supportive supervision and monitoring of healthcare facilities appeared to have contributed to the improvement in IPC standards and compliance during the Ebola outbreak as demonstrated in this small-scale study and should be sustained as a core component of IPC programs, particularly in prolonged outbreak situations.

scholarly journals Forecasting Organized Crime Homicides: Risk Terrain Modeling of Camorra Violence in Naples, Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4013-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Dugato ◽  
Francesco Calderoni ◽  
Giulia Berlusconi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Terrain Modeling ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Risk Terrain Modeling ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Organized Crime Groups

Mafia homicides are usually committed for retaliation, economic profit, or rivalry among groups. The variety of possible reasons suggests the inefficacy of a preventive approach. However, like most violent crimes, mafia homicides concentrate in space due to place-specific social and environmental features. Starting from the existing literature, this study applies the Risk Terrain Modeling approach to forecast the Camorra homicides in Naples, Italy. This approach is based on the identification and evaluation of the underlying risk factors able to affect the risk of a homicide. This information is then used to predict the most likely location of future events. The findings of this study demonstrate that past homicides, drug dealing, confiscated assets, and rivalries among groups make it possible to predict up to 85% of 2012 mafia homicides, identifying 11% of city areas at highest risk. By contrast, variables controlling for the socio-economic conditions of areas are not significantly related to the risk of homicide. Moreover, this study shows that, even in a restricted space, the same risk factors may combine in different ways, giving rise to areas of equal risk but requiring targeted remedies. These results provide an effective basis for short- and long-term targeted policing strategies against organized crime- and gang-related violence. A similar approach may also provide practitioners, policy makers, and local administrators in other countries with significant support in understanding and counteracting also other forms of violent behavior by gangs or organized crime groups.

scholarly journals Tropical Disease Prevention and Control: Is It Now Knowledge Management Era?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Adithya Sudiarno ◽  
Arief Rahman ◽  
Sri Gunani Partiwi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Tropical Disease ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
And Control

Indonesia is the part of developing Asian countries, until now still not declared free from various types of tropical diseases.  Whereas, several years ago Indonesia has declared free from various kinds of tropical diseases, but in fact, tropical diseases up to  now still cannot be eliminated. Moreover the prevalence rates of tropical diseases tended to increase from year to year. One of the reasons Indonesia is a tropical climate, but in fact we are not able to control the climate. In this condition, what we can do is to raise public awareness so the spread of the disease can be controlled. It was time for an early awareness efforts conducted in a participatory manner by all stakeholders. In this case, stakeholders can be health practitioners, researchers, policy makers (official), and even the citizens. Participatory awareness can be enhanced if we have an integrated system that can accommodate all knowledge about tropical disease. The knowledge consists of characteristic about disease, potential risk, how to cure, how to isolate disease in community, and absolutely important is how to prevent of illness, etc. This paper aims to propose an integrated system called Tropical Disease Knowledge Management System (TDKMS) for enhancing the participatory awareness.

scholarly journals PERAN KOMISI PENANGGULANGAN AIDS DAERAH (KPAD) DALAM PENANGGULANGAN HIV DAN AIDS DI KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rianor Asrari Puadi ◽  
M. Bagus Qomaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Depth Interviews

Response to HIV and AIDS requires a approaches by the parties mutually integrated. Regional AIDS Commissions (KPAD) has a crucial role in the response to HIV and AIDS. This study aimed todescribe the role of KPAD well as some of the factors inhibiting the implementation of the HIV and AIDS in East Kotawaringin. Used qualitative methods to conduct a document review and in-depth interviews with all fi ve informants which is representative of several agencies that have links to the eff orts to combatHIV and AIDS, with purposive sampling method. The Results were analyzed by means of reduction, presentation, and verifi cation of data. Results showed reduction carried through socialization andeducation about HIV and AIDS in the various elements of society, the establishment of working group of the Pal 12, formed the group “Concerned citizens of AIDS” as well as the ARV (Antiretroviral) services is not limited to a minimum value of CD4. The results showed that KPAD role in response to HIV and AIDS can not be implemented to the fullest, this is due to several obstacles, namely the existence of localization is an determinant spread of cases, the unavailability of services and ARV in all health centers, the lack of cross-sectoral cooperation, fi nancial support from the government is minimal, and the lack of HIV and AIDS Regional Regulation (Perda).Keywords: Response to HIV and AIDS, AIDS Prevention and Control Commission (KPAD)

scholarly journals FINANCE MANAGEMENT IN ARTS ORGANIZATIONS IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesela Kazashka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arts Organizations ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Art Organizations ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Arts organizations are a major factor in the Bulgarian economic. Good management of Art  organizations  is also associated with good financial management and control in order to achieve their  goals and objectives. The delegated budgets, the small scale of most of the Arts organizations, are a prerequisite for saving money or imposing the appointment of a financial controller. The lack of such a specialist in turn leads to poor control, inefficient spending of funds, violations and failure to verify costs, which can sometimes lead to bankruptcy. The objective of the report is two-sided - on the one hand, preventing the repetition of mistakes perceived as unsuccessful practices and, on the other hand, emphasizing the place and role of controlling the financial execution of a project and its importance for optimizing the effectiveness of the implementation as well as in the overall activity of Art  organizations.

scholarly journals Differentiating criminal networks in the illegal wildlife trade: organized, corporate and disorganized crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Wyatt ◽  
Daan van Uhm ◽  
Angus Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Criminal Networks ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Complicated Nature

AbstractHistorically, the poaching of wildlife was portrayed as a small-scale local activity in which only small numbers of wildlife would be smuggled illegally by collectors or opportunists. Nowadays, this image has changed: criminal networks are believed to be highly involved in wildlife trafficking, which has become a significant area of illicit activity. Even though wildlife trafficking has become accepted as a major area of crime and an important topic and criminologists have examined a variety of illegal wildlife markets, research that specifically focusses on the involvement of different criminal networks and their specific nature is lacking. The concept of a ‘criminal network’ or ‘serious organized crime’ is amorphous – getting used interchangeably and describes all crime that is structured rather than solely reflecting crime that fits within normative definitions of ‘organized’ crime. In reality, criminal networks are diverse. As such, we propose categories of criminal networks that are evidenced in the literature and within our own fieldwork: (1) organized crime groups (2) corporate crime groups and (3) disorganized criminal networks. Whereas there are instances when these groups act alone, this article will (also) discuss the overlap and interaction that occurs between our proposed categories and discuss the complicated nature of the involved criminal networks as well as predictions as to the future of these networks.

scholarly journals System for Prevention and Control of Old Goaf Water during Coal Mine Re-mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuning Dong ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Liuzhu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Geophysical Exploration ◽  
Blind Area ◽  
Mining Face ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Disaster

Abstract One integrated mine was currently threatened with an old goaf water disaster, therefore, the development of an advanced detection-guarantee system for roadway excavation with no blind area was imperative. Further, multiple geophysical exploration in combination with two types of boreholes were used to explore and drain water technology, with the anomalous geophysical area as the target area, The conventional borehole with the largest water outflow was taken as the target spot, at a low elevation of the mining area, and a remote directional borehole was used to drill into the old goaf along the stable rock strata below the coal seam floor to intercept the dynamic recharge water, which increased the efficiency of roadway excavation 4–9 times. The ‘isolated island’ old goaf water in the mining face was controlled through multiple geophysical exploration combined with the full-coverage exploration technology by conventional boreholes, and the water-rich anomalous area and geological anomalous area were determined, thus ensuring the safety of the mining face in terms of old goaf water. The technology for advanced short-distance exploration, advanced estimate, roadway exploration, and dynamic old goaf water with drainage was used to comprehensively guarantee real-time, safe mining. This system for the prevention and control of old goaf water was applied to a control project for the old goaf water disaster in the 101 mining face. At present, 1.37 Mt of coal has been safely mined from this mining face. The technical system has improved The Detailed Rules for Water Disaster Prevention and Control of Coal Mine (NCMSA 2018), and improved the technology for the prevention and control of old goaf water under conditions where the upper portion in the same coal seam was destroyed by a small-scale coal mine and re-mining.

scholarly journals Evolution of Public Health Prevention of Leptospirosis in a One Health Perspective: The Example of Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Serge Morand
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
One Health ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Leptospirosis is an endemic disease with moderate to high incidence in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. The present study was designed to assess the policy implementation mission regarding leptospirosis prevention and control from the national level to the local administrative levels, through a One Health perspective. A qualitative study was conducted, using documentation review, individual in-depth interviews with public health officers, local government officers, livestock officers who developed policy implementation tools or have responsibilities in leptospirosis prevention and control. The results show that Thailand has progressively developed a leptospirosis prevention and control policy framework at the national level, transferring the responsibility of its implementation to the local level. The province of Mahasarakham has decided to foster cooperation in leptospirosis prevention and control at the local level. However, there are insufficient linkages between provincial, district and sub-district departments to ensure comprehensive disease prevention activities at the local level concerning leptospirosis patients and the whole population.

scholarly journals Pharmacy preparedness and response for the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Aksum, Ethiopia; a qualitative exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun ◽  
Gebremichael Mulu Kahsay ◽  
Amha Teklu Asayehegn ◽  
Gebre Teklemariam Demoz ◽  
Desilu Mahari Desta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Novel Coronavirus is a global pandemic affecting all walks of life and it significantly changed the health system practices. Pharmacists are at the front line and have long been involved in combating this public health emergency. Therefore, the study was aimed to explore pharmacy preparedness and response to prevent and control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods A qualitative study was conducted in six pharmacies in Aksum, Ethiopia in May, 2020. We conducted six in-depth interviews with purposively selected key informants. Direct observation measures were made to assess the activities made in the medicine retail outlets for the prevention and control of the pandemic. Interview data were audio-recorded, translated and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data and OpenCode version 4.02 software was used to facilitate the data analysis. Results The thematic analysis has resulted in seven major themes. Good preparedness measures were undertaken to control and prevent COVID-19. Study informants had good knowledge about the pandemic disease and reported they had used different resource materials to update themselves. Preparing of alcohol-based hand-rub, availing finished sanitizers and alcohol, and advising clients to maintain physical distancing were the major counseling information being delivered to prevent the disease. Some tendencies of irrational drug use and false claims of COVID-19 were observed at the beginning of the pandemic. Interview informants had reported they were working with relevant stakeholders and appropriate patient education and support were given to combat the pandemic. Conclusion The study revealed necessary pharmacy services has been rendered to all clients. However, availability of drugs and medical supplies were scarce which negatively affected the optimal delivery of pharmacy services. The government and other responsible bodies should work together to solve such problems and contain the pandemic.

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