The life history, distribution and morphological updates of horned poppy feeder Acentrus histrio (Schoenherr, 1837) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LEVENT GÜLTEKİN ◽  
MELEK GÜÇLÜ ◽  
NESLİHAN GÜLTEKİN ◽  
BORIS KOROTYAEV
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Weevil Species ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time

The augmented morphological description of the weevil species Acentrus histrio (Schoenherr, 1837) is provided and supplied with photographs of the terminalia and genitalia of both sexes. Female genitalia are described for the first time. Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. & A. Huett and Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph (Papaveraceae) are reported as the host plants in Turkey. The adults emerge from the soil in very early spring, locate the host plant, feed on young leaves and buds, mate on the host plant, and females deposit eggs inside the seed capsules. The larvae feed with seeds, mature larvae leave capsules entering soil to pupate, and adults of the new generation hibernate in the soil at the root base of the host plant. This species is univoltine and produced one generation annually in eastern Turkey. Acentrus histrio is newly recorded for Azerbaijan, and A. boroveci Košťál, 2014, for Tajikistan.

Four new species of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) from China and Japan, and description of the pupal morphology of the genera Corythoxestis, Eumetriochroa, Guttigera, and Metriochroa

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3619 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIGEKI KOBAYASHI ◽  
GUO-HUA HUANG ◽  
AKIHIRO NAKAMURA ◽  
TOSHIYA HIROWATARI
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
New Host ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
Fatsia Japonica ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
First Time

Four new leaf mining Oecophyllembiinae (Gracillariidae) species are described from Chinaand Japan: Metriochroa sym-plocosella sp. nov. (host plants: Symplocos anomala, S. sumuntia, Symplocaceae) from China, Guttigera schefflerella sp. nov. (host plant: Schefflera octophylla, Araliaceae), Eumetriochroa araliella sp. nov. (host plants: Dendropanax trifidus, Evodiopanax innovans, Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides and Fatsia japonica, Araliaceae) and Corythoxestis tricalysiel-la sp. nov. (host plant: Tricalysia dubia, Rubiaceae) from Japan. Corythoxestis sunosei (Kumata, 1998) is recorded from new host plants: Adina pilulifera and Mussaenda parviflora, Rubiaceae, from Japan. The female adult and pupal morphol-ogies, life history and host plant of the genus Guttigera are described for the first time. Pupae of seven species of four genera: Corythoxestis, Eumetriochroa, Guttigera, and Metriochroa, are described for the first time. We provide morpho-logical diagnostic differences between species and genera of Oecophyllembiinae and Phyllocnistis. Our preliminary data suggest that Oecophyllembiinae species have three valuable pupal diagnostic characters: 1) cocoon cutter with unique lat-eral processes or setae on the clypeus, 2) tergal spines with only a pair of dorsal setae, and 3) cremaster with more than two pairs of caudal processes, while Phyllocnistis species possess 1) cocoon cutter without lateral processes or setae on clypeus, 2) tergal spines with a pair of dorsal setae and dorsal hooks, and 3) cremaster with only a pair of caudal processes.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

scholarly journals A revision of the Elachista regificella Sircom -complex (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Bengt Bengtsson ◽  
Ivars Šulcs ◽  
Jari Junnilainen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Closely Related Species

The Elachista regificella complex (Elachistidae) is revised and considered to consist of three closely related species: E. regificella Sircom, presently only recorded from Great Britain, E. geminatella (Herrich-Schäffer), stat. rev. (= E. nieukerkeni Traugott-Olsen, syn. nov.) and E. tengstromi nom. nov. (= E. magnificella Tengström, 1848, nec Duponchel, 1843). The latter two species are widely distributed e.g. in Central Europe, the range of E. tengstromi extending to Japan. The species are diagnosed and illustrated. Life history records indicate that the species have, at least to some extent, different host plant preferences: Luzula sylvatica is recorded as the host plant of E. regificella and E. geminatella, of which the latter probably exploits other host plants as well. L. pilosa is the only known host plant of E. tengstromi in Europe, with further host plants recorded in Japan. Neotypes are designated for Elachista regificella Sircom and Poeciloptilia geminatella Herrich-Schäffer.

New species of Bertawolia Blocker and Momoria Blocker (Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Hyalojassini) from Brazil, including notes about host plants

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4808 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-490
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE CRUZ DOMAHOVSKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

Two new species of Bertawolia and one of Momoria are described and illustrated from Brazil: Bertawolia grazielia sp. nov. from Paraná and Santa Catarina; B. lata sp. nov. from Paraná and Momoria albohabena sp. nov. from Paraná and Minas Gerais. The female genitalia of Bertawolia and Momoria species are described and illustrated by the first time. In addition, host plants for B. grazielia sp. nov. and M. albohabena sp. nov. are recorded and a key to species of Bertawolia is given. 

scholarly journals The Immature Stages, Biology, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Rotunda rotundapex (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rung-Juen Lin ◽  
Michael F Braby ◽  
Yu-Feng Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Segment 8 ◽  
First Time

Abstract The life history, morphology, and biology of the immature stages and phylogenetic relationships of Rotunda rotundapex (Miyata & Kishida, 1990) are described and illustrated for the first time. The species is univoltine: eggs hatch in spring (March or April) and the life cycle from egg to adult is completed in about 3 wk, with larvae developing rapidly on young leaves of the host plants, Morus australis and to a lesser extent Broussonetia monoica (Moraceae), and adults emerging in April–May. Eggs are laid in clusters on twigs of the host plant, are covered by scales during female oviposition, and remain in diapause for the remainder of the year (i.e., for 10–11 mo). Larvae (all instars) are unique among the Bombycidae in that they lack a horn on abdominal segment 8. A strongly supported molecular phylogeny based on six genes (5.0 Kbp: COI, EF-1α, RpS5, CAD, GAPDH, and wgl) representing seven genera of Bombycinae from the Old World revealed that Rotunda is a distinct monotypic lineage sister to Bombyx. This phylogenetic position, together with morphological data of the immature stages (egg and larval chaetotaxy), supports the current systematic classification in which the species rotundapex has been placed in a separate genus (Rotunda) from Bombyx in which it was previously classified.

THE STAGES OF ERANNIS VANCOUVERENSIS (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) AND LIFE HISTORY NOTES

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Central California ◽  
Young Leaves

AbstractErannis vancouverensis Hulst occurs from northern British Columbia to central California, and has been occasionally reported at infestation levels. The larvae feed on young leaves of several species of deciduous trees; winter is passed in the egg or sometimes in the pupal stage; adults emerge during late autumn or occasionally during winter or early spring; females are wingless. The life stages, including larval instars, are described here in detail. Virus disease and parasitism by tachinid flies help control the species.

New rearing method, life cycle, tunneling behavior and ecological notes on the splendid ghost moth Aenetus djernaesae Simonsen, 2018 from Western Australia (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
PAUL KAY ◽  
PAUL M HUTCHINSON ◽  
JOHN A GREHAN
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tunneling Behavior

This study successfully documents, for the first time, the entire life cycle of Aenetus djernaesae Simonsen, 2018 and confirms the efficacy of using supplemental sources of fungi to feed the early instar larvae. Fresh cut pieces of the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) and sections of Eucalyptus L’Her. bark were placed around the base of potted host plants –Myoporum insulare R.Br. (Scrophulariaceae) and the potential host plant Dodonea hackettiana W.Fitz. (Sapindaceae). First instar larvae were added to this matrix where they fed on the mushroom and bark. The life cycle comprised egg development of 20 days, fungal feeding of ~36 days, and host plant development (including pupal) of ~300 days. Adult emergence of reared and field collected samples occurred within a 22 day period. Larvae transferring from fungi to host plants transitioned during the night by constructing a web of silk and plant tissues within two hours and proceeding to excavate a tunnel from within. The mature larval tunnel is relatively short, up to 220 mm in length and usually extending below the entrance around which the larvae grazes on callus tissue forming after bark removal. Most adults emerged within an hour of dusk with the pupa protruding from the top of the vestibule. The rearing method described here demonstrates the feasibility of laboratory based studies of larval development in Aenetus Herrrich-Schäffer and other callus-feeding stem boring Hepialidae.  Key words: Hepialidae, Aenetus, life cycle, artificial diet, Myoporum, Dodonea, larval foodplant

scholarly journals Insect galls from Serra Geral, Caetité, BA, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravena Malheiros Nogueira ◽  
Elaine Cotrim Costa ◽  
Sheila Patrícia Carvalho-Fernandes ◽  
Juliana Santos-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
First Time

We inventoried and characterized the kinds of gall, gall-inducing insects and host plants from Serra Geral between August 2013 and July 2014. Two phytophysiognomies, cerrado sensu stricto and caatinga-cerrado, were examined monthly along transects during ca. 4 hours per visit, totaling 48 hours of sampling effort. A total of 49 gall morphotypes were found on 14 species of host plants in 18 genera and 13 families. Fabaceae and Malpighiaceae were the families with the most galls, with 22 and 10 gall morphotypes, respectively. The genera of host plant with the greatest richness of galls were Copaifera L. (n=10), Bauhinia Benth. (n=6), and Mimosa L. (n=5). Galls were found on leaves, buds and stems. The majority of the galls were globoid, glabrous, isolated, and one-chambered. The inducers belong to Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) being the most frequent and diverse gall-inducers. The associated fauna included parasitoids (Hymenoptera), successors (Formicidae), and predators (Pseudoscorpiones), obtained from 13, 2, and 1 gall morphotypes, respectively. Five plant taxa are recorded as hosts of gall-inducing insects for the first time.

New data on the taxonomy, distribution and host plants of Australian Epermeniidae (Lepidoptera: Epermenioidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4524 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
REINHARD GAEDIKE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
First Time

During the examination of hitherto undetermined specimens, six new species were found: Gnathifera fuscostriata sp. nov., G. luridicapitella sp. nov., G. montana sp. nov., G. robinsoni sp. nov., Epermenia (Epermeniola) macrodentata sp. nov., Gaedikermenia australica sp. nov. Ochromolopis paropsias Gaedike, 1972 is a new synonym of Gnathifera opsias (Meyrick, 1897). The taxa epispora Meyrick, 1897 and parasitica Meyrick, 1930, previously placed in the genus Epermenia, are transferred to Gaedikermenia Sohn & Wu, 2015. The male genitalia of Gnathifera bidentella (Gaedike, 1981) and G. acacivorella (Gaedike, 1968), and the female genitalia of G. pseudaphronesa (Gaedike, 1972) and G. queenslandi (Gaedike, 1968) are described and illustrated for the first time. First records within Australia are established for nine species. New host plants are recorded for Gnathifera eurybias (Meyrick, 1897), G. bipunctata (Gaedike, 1968), G. opsias (Meyrick, 1897), Paraepermenia santaliella Gaedike, 1968 and Gaedikermenia epispora (Meyrick, 1897). Now 25 Epermeniidae species are known from Australia. The systematic and generic affiliation of Epermenia xeranta Meyrick, 1917, is still uncertain.  

Researches on the Intestinal Protozoa of Monkeys and Man. I. General Introduction, and II. Description of the whole Life-History of Entamoeba histolytica in Cultures

Parasitology ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Dobell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time ◽  
At Will

A pure strain of Entamoeba histolytica has been isolated and cultivated, and an attempt has been made to study and describe its whole life-history in detail.This strain (K. 28 c) was derived from the dysenteric dejecta of a kitten experimentally infected per os by means of typical cysts from the faeces of a monkey (Macacus sinicus). It has now been under continuous cultivation for about 20 months (220 serial subcultures), and its development in vitro has been uniform throughout.Methods have been devised, and are here described, whereby any desired stage in the life-history of this strain—amoebae, cysts, and all intermediate stages (including encystation and excystation)—can be readily procured in vitro at will.Detailed study has shown that the trophic amoebae multiply in cultures by simple binary fission only, as they do in their natural hosts. Their mode of division is briefly described.Encystation also occurs in vitro just as it does in the bowel, with formation of characteristic precystic amoebae and the final production of typical quadrinucleate cysts.Excystation has been carefully studied, and it has been found that a single quadrinucleate, amoeba escapes from each cyst through a minute perforation in its wall. An account is given of this remarkable process, which has not been described previously.The 4-nucleate excysted (metacystic) amoeba has been found to produce a new generation of trophic forms by a complicated series of nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions, which are described in detail for the first time. The final result of this subdivision is the production of eight uninucleate amoebulae by each quadrinucleate amoeba hatched from a cyst.These amoebulae are young trophic amoebae, and not gametes or conjugants. No sexual phenomena of any sort have been observed during the metacystic itages: and the life-history of E. histolytica, as visible in vitro, is thus wholly sexual.A development similar to that here described in the case of Strain K. 28 c has been found to occur in many other cultivated strains of E. histolytica— including a strain isolated directly from man, and a human strain experiaentally implanted in a monkey (M. sinicus) and recovered therefrom in pure culture. There are therefore good reasons for concluding that the development were described is not abnormal, and that it is probably closely parallel to that which occurs naturally inside man.

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