4511 Development of High Efficient Gas-fired Absorption Chiller/Heater with Auxiliary Cogeneration Exhaust Gas and Waste Hot Water Heat Recovery

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006.3 (0) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
Naoki OSAKABE ◽  
Ritsu HOMMA ◽  
Youichi FUJITA ◽  
Toshihiro ASANUMA
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
High Efficient

Biodiesel Fueled Engine Generator With Heat Recovery

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Betz ◽  
Chris Damm ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Brian Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Absorption Chiller

Carnegie Mellon University’s departments of Architecture and Mechanical Engineering have teamed with Milwaukee School of Engineering’s Mechanical Engineering department to design and install a biodiesel fueled engine-generator with heat recovery equipment to supply electric and thermal power to an office building on campus, the Intelligent Workplace (IW). The installation was completed in early September 2007, and is currently being commissioned. Full scale testing will begin in early 2008. The turbocharged diesel engine-generator set is operated in parallel with the local electric utility and the campus steam grid. The system is capable of generating 25 kW of electric power while providing 18 kW of thermal power in the form of steam from an exhaust gas boiler. The steam is delivered to a double-effect Li-Br absorption chiller, which supplies chilled water to the IW for space cooling in the summer or hot water for space heating in the winter. Furthermore, the steam can be delivered to the campus steam grid during the fall and spring when neither heating nor cooling is required in the IW. Additionally, thermal energy will be recovered from the coolant to provide hot water for space heating in the winter, and for regenerating a solid desiccant dehumidification ventilation system in summer. All relevant temperatures, pressures, and flows for these systems are monitored via a building automation system. Pressure versus time measurements can be recorded in each cylinder of the engine. Emissions of nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are also monitored. Upon completion of this installation and the system performance testing, the operation of the engine generator with its heat recovery components will be integrated with the other HVAC components of the IW including a parabolic trough solar thermal driven LiBr absorption chiller, a solid desiccant dehumidification ventilation system, and multiple types of fan coils and radiant heating and cooling devices. This energy supply system is expected to reduce the IW’s primary energy consumption by half in addition to the 75% energy savings already realized as compared to the average US office space.

Cogeneration System Performance Modeling

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flore A. Marion ◽  
Sophie V. Masson ◽  
Frederik J. Betz ◽  
David H. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Cogeneration System

A bioDiesel fueled engine generator with heat recovery from the exhaust as steam and from the coolant as hot water has been installed in the Intelligent Workplace, the IW, of Carnegie Mellon’s School of Architecture. The steam and hot water are to be used for cooling, heating, and ventilation air dehumidification in the IW. This cogeneration equipment is a primary component of an energy supply system that will halve the consumption of primary energy required to operate the IW. This component was installed in September 2007, and commissioning is now underway. In parallel, a systems performance model of the engine generator, its heat recovery exchangers, a steam driven absorption chiller, a ventilation unit, fan coil cooling/heating units has been programmed making use of TRNSYS transient simulation software. This model has now been used to estimate the energy recoverable by the system operating in the IW for different characteristic periods, throughout a typical year in Pittsburgh, PA. In the initial stages of this modeling, the engine parameters have been set at its design load, 27 kW, delivering up to 17 kW of steam and 22 kW of hot water according to calculation. The steam is used in the absorption chiller during the summer and in hot water production during the winter. Hot water is used in desiccant regeneration for air dehumidification during the summer, in IW heating during the winter, and in domestic hot water product year around. Systems controls in the TRNSYS simulation direct the steam and hot water produced in the operation of the engine generator system to meet the IW’s hourly loads throughout seasons.

Solar Air-Conditioning System Using Single-Double Effect Combined Absorption Chiller

2013 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Hajime Yabase ◽  
Akira Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Solar Heat

We developed a single-double effect combined absorption chiller for "Solar air-conditioning system" . This chiller is composed of a highly-efficient gas absorption chiller as a main machine which are equipped with a solar heat recovery unit comprising a heat recovery heat exchanger and special condenser. It enables low temp. solar hot water at 75°C under operation at the cooling rating of load factor: 100%. And we constructed the demonstration plant in Japan. We confirmed that the solar heat priority usage function and gas-based backup function operate properly and overall system functions normally. In summer, fuel gas reduction by 10% could be achieved and the results as estimated were obtained.

Biodiesel Fueled Engine Generator With Heat Recovery: Comparing Biodiesel to Diesel Performance

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Betz ◽  
David Archer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Absorption Chiller

Carnegie Mellon University’s departments of Architecture and Mechanical Engineering have designed and installed a biodiesel fueled engine-generator with heat recovery equipment to supply electric and thermal power to an office building on campus, the Intelligent Workplace (IW). The installation was completed in early September 2007, and was commissioned through April of 2008 with standard off-road low sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel. Additional baseline testing was conducted with LSD until October 2008, when the transition was made to a 100% soybean oil based biodiesel. The turbocharged diesel engine-generator set is operated in parallel with the local electric utility and the campus steam grid. The system is capable of generating 25 kW of electric power while providing 18 kW of thermal power in the form of steam from an exhaust gas boiler and 19 kW in the form of heated water from the engine coolant. The steam is delivered to a double-effect Lithium-Bromide (Li-Br) absorption chiller, which supplies chilled water to the IW for space cooling in the summer or hot water for space heating in the winter. Furthermore, the steam can be delivered to the campus steam grid during the fall and spring when neither heating nor cooling is required in the IW. The thermal energy recovered from the coolant provides hot water for space heating in the winter, and for regenerating a solid desiccant dehumidification ventilation system in summer. All relevant temperatures, pressures, and flows for these systems are monitored via a building automation system. Pressure versus time versus crank angle measurements are recorded in each cylinder of the engine. Emissions of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are also monitored. The performance testing thus far indicates that biodiesel fuel performs just as well as Diesel fuel in the CHP system, providing similar amounts of electrical and thermal energy at the similar temperatures and flows at a similar overall efficiency. As expected, the engine consumes more biodiesel fuel due to the lower energy density of biodiesel fuel compared to LSD. Upon completion of the system performance testing with different types of biodiesel fuel, the operation of the engine generator with its heat recovery components will be integrated with the other HVAC components of the IW including a parabolic trough solar thermal driven Li-Br absorption chiller, a solid desiccant dehumidification ventilation system, and multiple types of fan coils and radiant heating and cooling devices. This integrated energy supply system is expected to reduce the IW’s primary energy consumption by half in addition to the 75% site energy savings already realized by architectural features as compared to the average US office space.

Efficient and Flexible Tri-Generation With Two-Stage Absorption Chiller

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Plura ◽  
C. Kren ◽  
C. Schweigler
Keyword(s):  
Double Effect ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Coupling Scheme ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Aiming for the European and North American tri-generation market, highly-efficient systems are being developed. At the moment, single-stage absorption chillers are typically coupled to co-generation engines through a single hot water loop at temperatures below 100°C (210°F). In this configuration, the heat from the exhaust gas at temperatures of about 400-500°C (750-930°F) is transferred to the water loop, which is accompanied by a significant loss of exergy. A substantial increase in system performance can be achieved by a stepwise utilisation of the exhaust gas enthalpy in a Double-Effect and a Single-Effect cycle. In this combination of one-and two-stage chillers the coefficient of performance (COP) increases from about 0.7 to almost 1.0 whereby the cooling capacity rises by about 25%. In order to facilitate optimum adaptation of the aggregates - i.e. motor engine and absorption chiller - and to give maximum flexibility an innovative system concept has been developed. The new coupling scheme is based on a standard direct-fired Double-Effect chiller and introduces only minor design changes, like adaptation of the thermal layout of the exhaust gas driven regenerator heat exchanger of the chiller. No additional low temperature regenerators are required. In case of simultaneous heating and cooling the system supports a continuous switchover between maximum cooling and maximum heating capacity. In this mode up to 80% of the driving heat for cold production can be recovered as useful heat at temperatures up to 100°C (210°F). A description of the coupling scheme together with a discussion of energetic and operational characteristics of the concept is presented. Full-scale demonstration projects are under preparation.

scholarly journals Increase of power and efficiency of the 900 MW supercritical power plant through incorporation of the ORC

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Ziółkowski ◽  
Dariusz Mikielewicz ◽  
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Unit Power

Abstract The objective of the paper is to analyse thermodynamical and operational parameters of the supercritical power plant with reference conditions as well as following the introduction of the hybrid system incorporating ORC. In ORC the upper heat source is a stream of hot water from the system of heat recovery having temperature of 90 °C, which is additionally aided by heat from the bleeds of the steam turbine. Thermodynamical analysis of the supercritical plant with and without incorporation of ORC was accomplished using computational flow mechanics numerical codes. Investigated were six working fluids such as propane, isobutane, pentane, ethanol, R236ea and R245fa. In the course of calculations determined were primarily the increase of the unit power and efficiency for the reference case and that with the ORC.

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