Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers: A New Opportunity for Carbon-Based Catalysts

The development of a hydrogen-based economy is the perfect nexus between the need of discontinuing the use of fossil fuels (trying to mitigate climate change), the development of a system based on renewable energy (with the use of hydrogen allowing us to buffer the discontinuities produced in this generation) and the achievement of a local-based robust energy supply system [...]

Mobile Off-Grid Energy Generation Unit for Temporary Energy Supply

Temporary structures are being extensively used by emergency services (rescue, disaster relief, military response units), and other end-users requiring temporary mobile off-grid energy solutions for different purposes (event organization, vacation homes, summer camps, etc.). Yet energy systems for these purposes largely remain fossil-based (such as diesel generators). Although such energy systems are inexpensive, they are carbon intensive and inefficient. This study presents a methodology of simulating temporary shelter with access to an energy supply system through a mobile energy unit with renewable (PV) power supply systems to ensure on-site electricity production, as well as heating/cooling and ventilation. Digital modeling simulations have been performed for a simulated temporary shelter in different climate conditions incorporating different combinations of electricity generation systems with a fossil fuel-based solution and a PV system, using TRNSYS software. Study results show that the operation of a mobile energy generation unit can operate HVAC systems and generate electricity for temporary shelter occupants in off-grid solutions. The modeling results show that the use of a mobile energy generation unit can significantly reduce diesel consumption in temporary shelters from 54% annually (in Riga, Latvia) to 96 % annually (in Jerusalem, Israel). Furthermore, the output of PV-generated electricity is higher (in most cases) than the consumed electricity amount.

ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕРЕЖІ ЦЕНТРІВ ЕНЕРГОХАБА ЗНАНЬ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ПРІОРИТЕТНОГО НАПРЯМУ РОЗВИТКУ ПРОГРАМ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТА ЕНЕРГОЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

This article attempts to verify the relevance of building a network of energy knowledge hub centres to tackle the priority objective in enhancing energy efficiency and energy saving management in higher education institutions. It is emphasized that the issues of careful and wise use of fuels and energy resources challenge more government efforts, active use of advanced projects to manage energy saving and energy efficiency through the integrated use of different energy sources. The study argues that to identify the potential for energy saving, setting regulatory indicators of energy consumption, determining the key energy saving measures and target objects in the public sector where energy saving programs are planned to be implemented, there is a need to conduct energy surveys with further developing of energy passports for buildings. In the frameworks of this study, the following research methods were used: abstract and logical analysis – to interpret the essence of energy saving concepts for universities; systemic approach – to identify the specifics of energy saving projects implementation in universities; in-depth analysis and synthesis – to forecast the university development priority area of the "Energy efficiency and energy saving"; system, structural, comparative and statistical analyses – to assess the energy consumption in universities; economic and statistical methods – to evaluate the level and the dynamics of the energy sources use before and after the implementation of project activities; graph-based and analytical methods – to facilitate visual representation and schematic presentation of forecasts for further development of energy efficiency and energy saving systems. The study offers a mechanism to shape a network of energy knowledge hub centres to forecast a priority development area of energy efficiency and energy saving programs in higher education institutions along with providing an overview on the process of energy saving based on energy knowledge hub centres by carrying out the following tasks: project identification, scanning, energy audit, implementation of an action plan, and monitoring. It has been verified that to enhance the energy supply system in the university buildings, the following objectives should be attained: using the energy knowledge hub to forecast the university energy efficiency and energy saving programme, implementing an automated individual heating station with weather regulation and installing new radiator heaters.

Analysis of the possibility of using solar energy for the energy supply of the innovative ELTRO transport system for Myanmar

Background: The development and research of the applicability of various mathematical models for calculating the solar radiation of companies is an urgent task for the innovative transport system of Myanmar. Aim: Determination of the daily balance of energy generated by solar panels to perform a given operation of the transport system. Materials and methods: Mathematical, algorithmic and software (based on the Python language) have been developed for energy supply and creation of interactive geo-information models for the ELTRO transport system. Results: To estimate solar resources at a point with coordinates ( = 19.76 s. w.; = 96.07 w. d.), data from the databases "NASA", "Meteonorm" and the Myanmar GMS were used and compared with the actual data on the Myanmar GMS database in order to determine the reliability of the information presented in them. Conclusion: The results obtained made it possible to determine the structure of the solar energy supply system and the parameters of typical solar energy modules that provide energy supply not only to the transport system, but also to the adjacent territories.

Study of the energy supply of muscular activity in the Cooper test among sportsmen-gamers according to the individual heart rate response to the load

In this study, using the example of the Cooper test, pulse zones were identified in percentage ratio, which allow indirectly judging the contribution of a particular energy supply system for each athlete during cyclic work. Keywords: Cooper's test, energy supply, athletes-game players, pulse zones, heart rate monitoring, Polar.

Subway Traction Power Supply System Based on PWM Rectifier

At present, PWM rectifier is widely used in various high power and high voltage situations because of its high energy, low harmonic content, constant voltage and bidirectional energy. The energy supply system of subway traction power supply system based on PWM rectifier shows the topology of a dual transformer with three winding transformers and four PWM rectifiers in parallel, which is superior to the modular model. Finally, the correctness of the control strategy is verified by Matlab/Initial simulation.

Minimization of power and energy consumption of mechatronic drives in robotics and technological equipment

The maximum instantaneous power consumption of robot drives determines the requirements for the energy supply system and the dimensions of the machine. For numerous machines, there are no technological restrictions on the types of applied motion laws and their numerical characteristics i.e. maximum speeds and accelerations. The type of the motion law and especially its parameters are traditionally determined according to the preferences of the design engineer without any justification, though some-times restrictions on maximum accelerations or speeds are considered. The restrictions on maximum accelerations are related to ensuring the strength and accuracy of the drive, and the restrictions on maximum speeds are related to the safety of personnel in the workplace. The motor power is selected according to the maximum value of the instantaneous power and thermal load, which depends on the duration of switching on. The article analyzes the ways of minimizing of this maximum (peak) of instantaneous power inside the cycle for different laws and different loads. The main parameter by which the maximum (peak) power is minimized for all types of laws is the acceleration and braking times. On the example of the most common motion laws, the dependence of instantaneous power and energy consumption on accelerating time and braking time for various types of loads are studied. In this article, the dependence of instantaneous power and energy consumption on accelerating time and braking time for various types of loads are studied on the example of the most common motion laws. The research results are intended to create a design technique for drives of modern equipment.

Problems of sustainable “green” development of alternative energy

The paper analyzes the known risks of power supply failure in the case of further development of renewable energy sources. The use of FMEA analysis allowed to analyze the significance of various risks of alternative energy. It is shown that the use of the FMEA method is becoming one of the most important areas of technosphere safety for the further development of alternative energy. The introduction of the share of alternative energy into the total energy balance leads to a decrease in the share of traditional sources of energy generation. In turn, a decrease in the share of traditional sources of energy production in the case of a combination of unfavorable natural factors causes to the collapse of the energy supply system and causes a complete shutdown of alternative energy.

The 3-machines energy transition model: exploring the energy frontiers for restoring a habitable climate

Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentration is on the rise, currently exceeding 420ppm. This is far above the 180ppm to 280ppm range of the past one million years and the anticipated safe limit of 350ppm. Consequently, halting fossil carbon emissions is necessary but insufficient to navigate to a safe climate future - massive and permanent removal of CO2 is inevitable. Humanity needs to do both: transit from the current fossil to a solar energy supply system and clean-up excess CO2 emissions from the atmosphere. The required global-scale transformation is ultimately limited by the availability of energy, beyond political ambitions and economic considerations. In this paper, the 3-machines energy transition model, a global system dynamics model based on energy balances, is presented and used to explore the energy frontiers for stabilizing the Earth's climate. The model comprises a hypothetical fossil engine, a solar engine including energy storage, and a carbon scrubber. These machines interact with Earth's carbon cycle and satisfy humanity’s energy demand. In 25 simulation experiments, shaped by a set of parameters regarding e.g. energy demand, energy storage and progression of the machines, the dynamics of the transformation and the effect on cumulative CO2 emissions were analysed. The resulting pathways reveal that, theoretically, atmospheric CO2 concentration can be reduced to 350ppm well before the end of this century while staying below 1.5°C with more than 50% probability. However, this requires the fastest possible energy transition, a massive and lasting carbon removal from atmosphere and hydrosphere, minimization of energy storage and a reduction of energy demand per capita.

Optimal Allocation of Distributed Energy Supply System Under Uncertainty Based Improved Gray Wolf Algorithm

In order to improve the economical performance of distributed energy supply system under uncertainty, the improved gray wolf algorithm is constructed for optimal allocation of distributed energy supply system. The relating research progress is summarized firstly, and effect of improved gray wolf algorithm on optimal allocation of distributed energy supply system are studied. The optimal allocation model of distributed energy supply system is constructed considering fuel consumption, operation and maintenance cost, environment penalty cost, and power grid energy exchange function, and the uncertain factor is processed based on scienario method. And then the improved gray wolf algorithm is designed, and the initial strategy of population and the regulated method of main parameters are improved. Finally, simulation analysis is carried out, simulation results show that the proposed model can obtain best optimal allocation effect of system.