Model Design of Cat's Skeleton Robot Based on Muscle Strength Ratio Estimation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (0) ◽  
pp. 2P1-D10
Author(s):  
Shogo NONAKA ◽  
Kenta SUGANO
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Ratio Estimation

A Ratio Estimation Method for Determining the Prevalence of Cocaine Use

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gossop ◽  
John Strang ◽  
Paul Griffiths ◽  
Beverly Powis ◽  
Colin Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Heroin Users ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
The Uk

This paper presents an approach to estimating the prevalence of cocaine use, based upon a new ratio estimation technique. This method can be applied to random samples of overlapping populations for which no sampling frames exist. When the ratio estimation method is applied to the two study samples (drawn from populations of people using cocaine and people using heroin) the ratio of cocaine users to heroin users (C/H) was 1.55, with a 95% confidence interval of ±0.48. Such estimates should be applied with caution. However, if used with reference to national estimates of about 75 000 heroin users, application of the present estimate suggests that there may be about 116 000 cocaine users in the UK.

A New Concept For Isokinetic Hamstring: Quadriceps Muscle Strength Ratio

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Aagaard ◽  
Erik B. Simonsen ◽  
S. Peter Magnusson ◽  
Benny Larsson ◽  
Poul Dyhre-Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Hamstring Muscles

Conventionally, the hamstring:quadriceps strength ratio is calculated by dividing the maximal knee flexor (hamstring) moment by the maximal knee extensor (quadriceps) moment measured at identical angular velocity and contraction mode. The agonist-antagonist strength relationship for knee extension and flexion may, however, be better described by the more functional ratios of eccentric hamstring to concentric quadriceps moments (extension), and concentric hamstring to eccentric quadriceps moments (flexion). We compared functional and conventional isokinetic hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios and examined their relation to knee joint angle and joint angular velocity. Peak and angle-specific (50°, 40°, and 30° of knee flexion) moments were determined during maximal concentric and eccentric muscle contractions (10° to 90° of motion; 30 and 240 deg/sec). Across movement speeds and contraction modes the functional ratios for different moments varied between 0.3 and 1.0 (peak and 50°), 0.4 and 1.1 (40°), and 0.4 and 1.4 (30°). In contrast, conventional hamstring:quadriceps ratios were 0.5 to 0.6 based on peak and 50° moments, 0.6 to 0.7 based on 40° moment, and 0.6 to 0.8 based on 30° moment. The functional hamstring:quadriceps ratio for fast knee extension yielded a 1:1 relationship, which increased with extended knee joint position, indicating a significant capacity of the hamstring muscles to provide dynamic knee joint stability in these conditions. The evaluation of knee joint function by use of isokinetic dynamometry should comprise data on functional and conventional hamstring:quadriceps ratios as well as data on absolute muscle strength.

Accuracy of a Ratio-Estimation Method to Set Maximum Acceptable Weights in Lifting Tasks

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 742-744
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Morrissey ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Standard Task ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
Method Of Adjustment

This study examined the accuracy with which trained and conditioned females could set Maximum Acceptable Weights (MAWs) using ratio estimation. Examined were two lifting ranges, floor-to-knuckle and knuckle-to-shoulder, and four lift frequencies (lifts every 9-, 20-, 60-, and 120-seconds). In each of the eight conditions subjects set the MAW using the method of adjustment. Immediately after the MAW had been set, the task was changed, performed for a few cycles, and rated using ratio estimation. This rating was used to establish an estimated MAW for the second lifting task. On a later day, the MAW was set for the second task using the method of adjustment and the MAW for the original task estimated with ratio estimation. This allowed comparison of the accuracy of MAWs set by psychophysical and ratio estimation methods as affected by the frequency and lifting zone of the standard task. Consistent with previous research there were significant effects on the MAW due to frequency of lift and the lift range. Also, and importantly, there were no significant differences between MAWs set by ratio estimation and by the traditional method of adjustment (p>0.6). This indicates that ratio estimation is an accurate method to quickly establish MAWs for a variety of lifting tasks. This indicates that MAWs for entire classes of lifting tasks can be quickly and accurately determined with ratio estimation.

scholarly journals Muscle strength evaluation of limb dominance in prepubescent swimmers boys and girls

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
AYKUT OZCADIRCI ◽  
FERHAT OZTURK ◽  
SUKRU ALPAN CINEMRE ◽  
GIZEM IREM KINIKLI
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
T Test ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Dominant Side ◽  
Isometric Muscle

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the lower limb muscle strength in terms of gender and limb dominancy in prepubescent swimmers. Material and Methods: Seventy-four prepubescent swimmers (mean age: 11.01±1.58 years; 42 boys; 32 girls) who were training for at least 8 hours a week and without current lower limb pain participated in the study. Isometric muscle strength of lower limb was measured by hand-held dynamometry. Independent samples-t test was used to determine the difference between genders, while paired samples-t test was used for dominant-nondominant side comparison. The significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: Knee flexion (p<0.001), extension (p<0.001) and ankle dorsiflexion (p=0.003) muscle strength were stronger on the dominant side than on the non-dominant side. Knee flexion/extension strength ratio was similar (p=0.957); while ankle plantar flexion/dorsiflexion strength ratio was significantly different (p=0.011). Boys swimmers had stronger isometric muscle strength in the dominant side together with knee flexion (p=0.018) and knee flexion extension strength ratio (p=0.007) than girls swimmers. Conclusion: Boys swimmers had higher dominant side knee flexion muscle strength compared to female peers. Gender and lower limb dominancy might be important for lower limb muscle strength to show varieties in prepubescent swimmers before planning a training program.

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