scholarly journals Layout and Cross-sectional Shape Design Method with Insertion of Beam-like Reinforcement. Application to Vibration-proof Design.

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (636) ◽  
pp. 3149-3154
Author(s):  
Masaru ZAKO ◽  
Seiichiro SAKATA
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Shape Design ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Shape

A Concurrent Design Method for Multiple Cross-Sectional Automotive Body Frames Involving Discrete and Continuous Design Variables

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Yoshimura ◽  
Shinji Nishiwaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Izui
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Mechanical Products ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Sectional Shape

As CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) applications become increasingly precise, the knowledge and technical skill required to operate such applications has become more highly specialized. However, such tools have not been utilized in the initial design process of mechanical products, where designers cannot construct detailed analytical models. This paper proposes a cross-sectional shape design optimization system that supports the initial design process for bar structures. The cross-sectional design problem is formulated as an eight-objective optimization problem that can be solved using genetic algorithms. A method for generating cross-sectional shapes satisfying designer-required characteristics is also proposed. These methods, which reduce the number of trial and error processes and product design failures, are expected to enable shortened product development lead-times.

On the cross-sectional shape of the cellulose crystallites in the tunicate Halocynthia papillosa

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
J.-F. Revol ◽  
Y. Van Daele ◽  
F. Gaill
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Valonia Ventricosa ◽  
C Nmr

The only form of cellulose which could unequivocally be ascribed to the animal kingdom is the tunicin that occurs in the tests of the tunicates. Recently, high-resolution solid-state l3C NMR revealed that tunicin belongs to the Iβ form of cellulose as opposed to the Iα form found in Valonia and bacterial celluloses. The high perfection of the tunicin crystallites led us to study its crosssectional shape and to compare it with the shape of those in Valonia ventricosa (V.v.), the goal being to relate the cross-section of cellulose crystallites with the two allomorphs Iα and Iβ.In the present work the source of tunicin was the test of the ascidian Halocvnthia papillosa (H.p.). Diffraction contrast imaging in the bright field mode was applied on ultrathin sections of the V.v. cell wall and H.p. test with cellulose crystallites perpendicular to the plane of the sections. The electron microscope, a Philips 400T, was operated at 120 kV in a low intensity beam condition.

Automated 3D measurement of fiber cross section morphology in handsheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lorbach ◽  
Ulrich Hirn ◽  
Johannes Kritzinger ◽  
Wolfgang Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fiber Cross Section ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Cross Section Geometry

Abstract We present a method for 3D measurement of fiber cross sectional morphology from handsheets. An automated procedure is used to acquire 3D datasets of fiber cross sectional images using an automated microtome and light microscopy. The fiber cross section geometry is extracted using digital image analysis. Simple sample preparation and highly automated image acquisition and image analysis are providing an efficient tool to analyze large samples. It is demonstrated that if fibers are tilted towards the image plane the images of fiber cross sections are always larger than the true fiber cross section geometry. In our analysis the tilting angles of the fibers to the image plane are measured. The resulting fiber cross sectional images are distorted to compensate the error due to fiber tilt, restoring the true fiber cross sectional shape. We use an approximated correction, the paper provides error estimates of the approximation. Measurement results for fiber wall thickness, fiber coarseness and fiber collapse are presented for one hardwood and one softwood pulp.

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