scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Seedling Establishment of Engelmann Spruce and Subalpine Fir

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
A. Knapp ◽  
W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Management Objectives

Prescribed burning in U.S. National Parks has been employed as a substitute for natural fires to achieve vegetation and/or wildlife management objectives (Habeck 1970). One specific management objective in Glacier National Park (GNP) is the restoration of plant community diversity to pre-fire-suppression levels.

scholarly journals Contrasting prescription burning and wildfires in California Sierra Nevada national parks and adjacent national forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Jon E. Keeley ◽  
Anne Pfaff ◽  
Anthony C. Caprio
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Park Service ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lassen Volcanic National Park

History of prescription burning and wildfires in the three Sierra Nevada National Park Service (NPS) parks and adjacent US Forest Service (USFS) forests is presented. Annual prescription (Rx) burns began in 1968 in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, followed by Yosemite National Park and Lassen Volcanic National Park. During the last third of the 20th century, USFS national forests adjacent to these parks did limited Rx burns, accounting for very little area burned. However, in 2004, an aggressive annual burn program was initiated in these national forests and in the last decade, area burned by planned prescription burns, relative to area protected, was approximately comparable between these NPS and USFS lands. In 1968, the NPS prescription burning program was unique because it coupled planned Rx burns with managing many lightning-ignited fires for resource benefit. From 1968 to 2017, these natural fires managed for resource benefit averaged the same total area burned as planned Rx burns in the three national parks; thus, they have had a substantial impact on total area burned by prescription. In contrast, on USFS lands, most lightning-ignited fires have been managed for suppression, but increasing attention is being paid to managing wildfires for resource benefit.

Simulated conversion of unmanaged interior spruce-subalpine fir stands to a regulated uneven-aged structure

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Farnden
Keyword(s):  
Old Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
High Q ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Individual Tree Growth ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Tree Growth Model

A localized version of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) individual tree growth model was developed to simulate stand level impacts under a variety of uneven-aged management regimes in old-growth interior spruce-subalpine fir forests near Prince George British Columbia. Options for using uneven-aged management to satisfy a range of management objectives were simulated using different sets of BDq regulation parameters, and by varying species composition and rules for reserve trees. The greatest timber yields were attained by promoting the highest possible spruce component, using high q ratios, low to moderate maximum diameters and 20 to 25 year cutting cycles, and allowing no reserves. Using strategies to promote stand structures maintaining some old-growth attributes resulted in much lower timber yields. Key words: white spruce, Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, uneven-aged management, BDq regulation, simulated yield

The Future of Animal Wildlife and Its Habitat in Botswana

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richard Mordi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Gross National Product ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Wildlife Management Areas

To conserve its wildlife, Botswana has set aside more than 17% of its total land area as game reserves, national parks, and wildlife management areas. Despite this generous allocation to wildlife, the fauna of the country is declining in both absolute numbers and species diversity. Lack of permanent water-sources in some game reserves, obstruction of fauna migration routes by cattle fences, and a poorly-developed tourist industry, are partly responsible for this decline.In a developing country such as Botswana, tourism should yield sufficient funds for the maintenance of game reserves and national parks. But currently the tourist industry accounts for less than 2% of the gross national product. Unless the industry is encouraged to flourish and expand into dormant reserves such as the Gemsbok National Park and Mabuasehube Game Reserve, animals in those sanctuaries are likely to be driven by drought into South Africa.

scholarly journals Symposium on the Kalahari Ecosystem summary and conclusions

Koedoe ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J Hall-Martin
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Wildlife Management Areas

This symposium has dealt largely with the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (KGNP), an area which has been under the control of the National Parks Board of Trustees since 1931. The park, which covers some 9 600 km2 is part of an international conservation area which includes the adjoining 26 600 km2 Gemsbok National Park in Botswana and adjoining wildlife management areas.

scholarly journals The Ecological Role of Fire in the Jackson Hole area, Northwestern Wyoming

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd L. Loope ◽  
George E. Gruell
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Forest Plans

AbstractFire-history investigations in the Jackson Hole area of northwestern Wyoming reveal that most current stands of aspen and lodgepole pine regenerated following extensive fires between 1840 and 1890 and that widespread fires occurred in the 1600s and 1700s. White man's major effect on the fire incidence has been the successful suppression during the past 30–80 yr. Successional changes in the absence of fire include the deterioration of aspen stands, massive invasions of subalpine fir in lodgepole pine stands, great increase in conifer cover, heavy fuel buildups in lodgepole pine and Douglas fir stands, and increase in sagebrush and other shrubs. Steps are being taken, starting in 1972, to allow fire to play a more natural role in Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks. Teton National Forest plans experimental prescribed burning to determine whether fire can stimulate successful aspen regeneration in the presence of large numbers of wintering elk.

Mass and nutrient content of decaying boles in an Engelmann spruce – subalpine fir forest, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Arthur ◽  
Timothy J. Fahey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Rocky Mountain National Park ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Subalpine Fir ◽  
Engelmann Spruce

We classified dead bole wood in an old-growth Engelmann spruce – subalpine fir (Piceaengelmannii Parry – Abieslasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) forest in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, into decay classes and measured dead bole surface area, volume, biomass, and nutrient content. Biomass of dead boles was 70 Mg/ha, about half as large as aboveground live biomass in these forests. Net accumulation of N, P, Ca, and Na occurred with increasing decay. The N:P ratio varied little with decay, approaching a value of 20 in the most decayed wood, typical of that found in other studies of dead boles. Loss of K during bole decay exceeded the rate of weight loss, whereas Mg loss followed weight loss. The total pools of nutrients in dead boles and in parentheses, the amount of nutrients stored in dead boles as a percentage of total above- and below-ground living, forest floor, and dead wood nutrients were 92.2 kg N/ha (7%), 4.89 kg P/ha (5%), 67.9 kg K/ha (16%), 156.6 kg Ca/ha (12%), 28.9 kg Mg/ha (17%), and 0.74 kg Na/ha (9%). Storage of relatively high amounts of Ca in dead wood of most natural forests indicates that management could have a significant effect on its availability in the long term.

Ecology and Environmental Issues of the Sierra Redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum), Now Restricted to California

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
National Park Service ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Sequoiadendron Giganteum ◽  
Park Service

Although they were widely distributed during Cainozoic times, both the Sierra Redwood (Sequoiadendron giganteum) and the Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) became restricted to greatly reduced ranges in California (and, in the latter instance, southernmost Oregon) during the late Tertiary and Quaternary periods. Today, the Sierra Redwood occurs in about 70 scattered groves, occupying an aggregate of 144 km2 on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada; about 66% of the areas of these groves remain unlogged, and most of these virgin stands are protected within national parks.Fire suppression policies of the National Park Service and other government land agencies have created conditions that are both unsuited for Sierra Redwood reproduction and hazardous to existing trees. Successful seed germination requires a mineral seed-bed, such as is usually exposed through fire. Burned sites also enhance seedling survival through increased sunlight penetration, reduced competition, and improved soil-moisture content. Fire suppression has, however, allowed the accumulation of large volumes of combustible fuels, increasing the probability of destructive crown-fires. In order to rectify these problems, the National Park Service has begun a programme of prescribed burning in Sequoia–Kings Canyon National Parks; to date, about 3.4 km2 have been treated. Thus, the environmental issues facing the Sierra Redwood involve perpetuating the tree within parks that are secure from commercial utilization.

Evaluating wildlife management by using principles of applied ecology: case studies and implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Hone ◽  
V. Alistair Drake ◽  
Charles J. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Applied Ecology ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Term Management

Context The broad concepts and generalisations that guide conduct of applied ecology, including wildlife management, have been reviewed and synthesised recently into 22 prescriptive and three empirical principles. Aims The aim of this study was to use these principles to evaluate three on-ground wildlife management programs and assess the utility of the principles themselves. Key results Case studies of long-term management of national park biodiversity impacted by feral pigs (Sus scrofa), and of conservation and harvest of red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) and mallards (Anas platyrhnchos), were selected to provide a representative range of management objectives, spatial scales and land tenures, and to include both native and introduced species. Management documents and a considerable scientific literature were available for all three programs. The results highlight similarities and differences among management activities and demonstrate the 25 principles to differing degrees. Most of the prescriptive principles were demonstrated in both the management and the scientific literature in all three programs, but almost no use was made of the three empirical principles. We propose that use of the prescriptive principles constitutes evidence that these programs meet both societal and scientific expectations. However, the limited use of the empirical principles shows gaps in the three programs. Conclusions The results suggest that evaluating other wildlife management programs against the principles of applied ecology is worthwhile and could highlight aspects of those programs that might otherwise be overlooked. Little use was made of the empirical principles, but the the Effort–outcomes principle in particular provides a framework for evaluating management programs. Implications The effort–outcomes relationship should be a focus of future applied research, and both prescriptive and empirical principles should be integrated into wildlife management programs.

scholarly journals Succession Following the 1974 Waterfalls Canyon Fire

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Kathleen Doyle ◽  
Dennis Knight
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
In Fire

In the early 1970's, the growing awareness of the potential ecological impacts of fire suppression and the threat of more intensive fires due to fuel accumulation in fire-suppressed forests prompted the National Park Service to allow some fires to burn (Grand Teton National Park 1974). One of the first "prescribed natural fires" in a western National Park was the Waterfalls Canyon Fire (WCF) in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). It was ignited by lightning in July 1974. Amid much public controversy (Anonymous 1974), the fire burned 1414 ha before it was extinguished by snow in December. In the following year, GTNP biologists established permanent plots within and adjacent to the WCF in forests dominated by subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and lodgepole pine, and which varied in fire severity and time since fire. The goal of the study was to document the effect of the 1974 fire by monitoring long-term changes in vegetation, breeding birds, and small mammals (Barmore et al. 1976). Data were collected from four study areas in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1983 under the direction of William Barmore. In 1991 and 1992 we resampled the permanently-marked vegetation plots and breeding bird transects. Our objectives were to compile, analyze and interpret all of the data collected from the four study areas since 1975.

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