scholarly journals Analysis of retrieved STRYDE nails

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 599-610
Author(s):  
Harry Hothi ◽  
Sean Bergiers ◽  
Johann Henckel ◽  
Alexis D. Iliadis ◽  
William David Goodier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plain Radiograph ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Cortical Thickening ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Post Market Surveillance ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Post Market

Aims The aim of this study was to present the first retrieval analysis findings of PRECICE STRYDE intermedullary nails removed from patients, providing useful information in the post-market surveillance of these recently introduced devices. Methods We collected ten nails removed from six patients, together with patient clinical data and plain radiograph imaging. We performed macro- and microscopic analysis of all surfaces and graded the presence of corrosion using validated semiquantitative scoring methods. We determined the elemental composition of surface debris using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and used metrology analysis to characterize the surface adjacent to the extendable junctions. Results All nails were removed at the end of treatment, having achieved their intended lengthening (20 mm to 65 mm) and after regenerate consolidation. All nails had evidence of corrosion localized to the screw holes and the extendable junctions; corrosion was graded as moderate at the junction of one nail and severe at the junctions of five nails. EDS analysis showed surface deposits to be chromium rich. Plain radiographs showed cortical thickening and osteolysis around the junction of six nails, corresponding to the same nails with moderate – severe junction corrosion. Conclusion We found, in fully united bones, evidence of cortical thickening and osteolysis that appeared to be associated with corrosion at the extendable junction; when corrosion was present, cortical thickening was adjacent to this junction. Further work, with greater numbers of retrievals, is required to fully understand this association between corrosion and bony changes, and the influencing surgeon, implant, and patient factors involved. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):599–610.

The interaction of a manganese-oxidising bacterium as part of a biofilm growing on distribution pipe materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Murdoch ◽  
P.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Pipe Materials ◽  
Confocal Laser Microscope

The deposition of manganese within a biofilm growing on the surface of high-density polyethlene (HDPE) and polyvinychloride (PVC) was studied over a period of four months. The manganese rich water used in the study was inoculated with a manganese oxidising Pseudomonas spp. The level of Mn2+ in the water was monitored and was found to decrease as the biofilm formation increased. This was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis which showed the detection of manganese was dependent on the presence of a biofilm. After two months a 100% removal of Mn2+ was observed in all the flasks inoculated by the Pseudomonas spp. and manganese micro-nodules, the formation of which were reported in Murdoch and Smith (1999), were being formed in large clusters across the surfaces of both the HDPE and PVC. The manganese peak area from the EDS spectrum analysis of the micro-nodules was significantly larger than was measured in the biofilm when these micro-nodules were absent. The scanning confocal laser microscope (SCLM) images of three-week samples showed high bacterial activity around areas where manganese micro-nodules were starting to form on the pipe surface.

scholarly journals Effect of Molybdenum Content on the Corrosion and Microstructure of Low-Ni, Co-Free Maraging Steels

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Asiful H. Seikh ◽  
Hossam Halfa ◽  
Mahmoud S. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maraging Steels ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Electroslag Refining

Molybdenum (Mo) is an important alloying element in maraging steels. In this study, we altered the Mo concentration during the production of four cobalt-free maraging steels using an electroslag refining process. The microstructure of the four forged maraging steels was evaluated to examine phase contents by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, we assessed the corrosion resistance of the newly developed alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution and 1 M H2SO4 solution through potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Furthermore, we performed SEM and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis after corrosion to assess changes in microstructure and Raman spectroscopy to identify the presence of phases on the electrode surface. The microstructural analysis shows that the formation of retained austenite increases with increasing Mo concentrations. It is found from corrosion study that increasing Mo concentration up to 4.6% increased the corrosion resistance of the steel. However, further increase in Mo concentration reduces the corrosion resistance.

scholarly journals SOFT TISSUE CAM IMPINGEMENT IN ADOLESCENTS: MRI REVEALS IMPINGEMENT LESIONS UNDERAPPRECIATED ON X-RAY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0006
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Johnson ◽  
Hamza Alizai ◽  
Montanez Ben ◽  
K. John Wagner ◽  
Tyler Youngman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Plain Radiograph ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Adolescent Patients ◽  
Cam Impingement ◽  
Soft Impingement

Background: The presence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in adolescents has been established. However, the existence of a non-ossified CAM lesion in adolescent femoracetabular impingement (FAI) is not well described. Hypthesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of a non-ossified or soft CAM lesion in adolescent patients with FAI. Methods: A review of a prospective cohort of patients with symptomatic FAI in an institutional registry was performed. Subjects were included if they had an MRI and lateral x-ray of the hip (45o Dunn, Cross Table, or frog) at a baseline visit. On MRI, evaluation of the anterolateral femoral head was evaluated using radial, coronal, sagittal, or axial oblique sequences. When a soft CAM lesion was identified (all found between 2-5 o’clock), an alpha angle was performed on MRI and plain radiograph. The cohort of soft CAM lesions was reviewed and differences between radiographic and MRI alpha angles were assessed using a paired T-Test. Results: Thirty-one (9.3%) of 332 hips (mean age 16.4 yrs, range 13.66-19.59 yrs; 83.9% F) were identified with a soft impinging lesion at the femoral head-neck junction on MRI. The most common primary sport was track & field (4), the average duration of symptoms was 92.4 weeks and a majority with insidious onset (77.4%). The average alpha angle on MRI was greater than on x-ray [63.53 ± 7.94o vs 51.25 ± 7.92o; p<0.05]. All subjects with soft CAM lesions demonstrated soft tissue consistent with extension of the physis (n=1),thickening of the peri-chondral ring (n=22), or thickening of the periosteum (n=8). Twenty-two of these patients (71%) with soft impingement underwent hip preservation surgery (n=13 labral repairs) with improvements in clinical outcome. Conclusion: In adolescent patients with symptomatic hip impingement, MRI may be useful to identify soft CAM lesions (non-ossified) that are under-represented on x-ray.

scholarly journals Alkali Activation of Oil Shale Ash Based Ceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1373-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hamadi ◽  
K. Nabih
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oil Shale Ash ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Shale Ash ◽  
Activating Solution

Timahdit oil shale was subjected to firing transformation via ceramics processing followed by alkali activation to synthesis a materials combining the mechanical properties of ceramics and Zeolites. The mineralogical transformations during firing oil shale have been studied. The main crystalline phases found in oil shale ash (OSA) were wollastonite, gehlenite and augite. Modified oil shale ash (MOSA) was obtained with HNO3acid-leaching in the aim to diminish Ca content. Our experimental approach required a NaOH alkaline activating solution with different concentrations (0.5; 1; 2; 4; 6 and 8M). In our study, X-ray diffraction (XDR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and SEM/EDS analysis were used to evaluate the effect of alkali activation on the structural arrangement of the starting materials (OSA and MOSA) in our study. The quantity and the type of the produced zeolites depended critically on the starting materials and on the NaOH concentration.

An X-ray fluorescence microscopic analysis of the tissue surrounding the multi-channel cochlear implant electrode array

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Spiers ◽  
Tina Cardamone ◽  
John B. Furness ◽  
Jonathan C. M. Clark ◽  
James F. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopic Analysis

scholarly journals Microscopic kinetics of isothermal sintering of Fe-20 % (mаs.) Mo alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
V. Mazur ◽  
Р. Loboda ◽  
Т. Soloviova ◽  
M. Vterkovskyi ◽  
D. Remizov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
Transformation Rate ◽  
Isothermal Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Peritectoid Transformation ◽  
Local Diffusion ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Diffusion Flows

Purpose of work. To investigate the features of microscopic kinetics of peritectoid transformation in Fe-Mo system alloys in an isothermal mode. Experimental part. Microscopic analysis of samples on light (Jenaphot 2000, K. Zeiss) and scanning electron (REM 106I, Selmi) microscopes, X-ray spectral microanalysis of the component’s concentrations distribution between the phases, X-ray phase analysis (Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer). Results. Microstructure changes, phase composition and crystal lattices parameters of the phase constituents of the powder alloy during sintering at 920 °C were investigated. Variation in the phase constituents mass fraction during 7 hours of the isothermal exposure is analyzed. The formation of anomalous diffusion porosity at the beginning of the process, the nonmonotonic change in the phase constituents fraction and formation of intermediate phases with an unstable component’s concentration are the main features of the microscopic kinetics. The sintering mechanism is proposed. Scientific novelty. A local peritectoid transformation existence at the Fe/Mo interface was established by analyzing the local diffusion flows of components atoms. This transformation occurs upon isothermal supply of Mo atoms with the formation of a cooperative peritectoid structural constituents according to the α- Fe + Mo → α + μ scheme with residual Mo crystals. Formulation of the problem. This work aims to clarify the phenomenological theory of peritectoid transformation during isothermal α-Fe grains enrichment with molybdenum by studying the features of microscopic kinetics in the Fe-Mo system alloys. Practical value. Peritectoid (α + μ) with branched phase соnstituents of cooperative genesis forms a developed system of local diffusion flows of Mo atoms in α -Fe. This increases the molybdenum peritectoid transformation rate at a relatively low sintering temperature for these alloys and reduces the energy consumption in the technological process.

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