scholarly journals Short Communication: The role of microbial rhizosphere in enhancing plant growth of Jatropha curcas in soil contaminated mercury

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
WIWIK EKYASTUTI ◽  
HANNA ARTUTI EKAMAWANTI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Physical Constraints

Ekyastuti W, Ekamawanti HA. 2018. Short Communication: The role of microbial rhizosphere in enhancing plant growth of Jatropha curcas in soil contaminated mercury. Biodiversitas 19: 651-655. Soil in the area of ex-gold mining, has the chemical-physical constraints to the growth of plants. These chemical-physical constraints are low organic matter, poor of nutrient, acid pH, very low CEC, soil texture dominated by sand, and mercury contamination. This area needs to be rehabilitated. Previous research has found that Jatropha curcas as a plant tolerant to mercury. On the other hand, some types of microbial rhizosphere such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and mercury reducing bacteria (MRB) also have an ability to reduce mercury. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of microbial components of AMF and MRB in enhancing the growth of J. curcas in tailings contaminated mercury. The study was conducted in two places, in the greenhouse and in the tailing area of ex-gold mining, using factorial completely randomized design. Results showed that interactions between AMF and MRB were simultaneously able to enhance the growth of J. curcas not only in the greenhouse, but also in the field (tailing area). In the greenhouse (nursery), several isolates of Bacillus sp, Bacillus sp + Glomus SS11 and Bacillus sp + Glomus SS18 in the forms of inoculum were very effective in enhancing the seedling growth of J. curcas. However, results were apparently changed after those seedlings were planted in the field (tailings of ex-gold mining). The combination of Bacillus sp. + Glomus SS18 was the best treatment to enhance the growth of J. curcas of all used treatments. This result proves that the role of microbial rhizosphere, especially AMF and MRB, could effectively enhance the growth of J. curcas in tailings contaminated with mercury.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Morphological Pattern of Mycorrhization in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Fertilized With Phosphorus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
José Maria Tupinambá da Silva Júnior ◽  
Paulo Furtado Mendes Filho ◽  
Vânia Felipe Freire Gomes ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Lange Ness ◽  
Aldênia Mendes Mascena de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Morphological Pattern ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Microorganisms perform important functions in the soil and, among these organisms, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in plant growth should be highlighted. AMF colonize the roots of most plant species and their beneficial functions in plant development include increased absorption of nutrients from the soil, especially those of low mobility such as phosphorus (P). Evaluating agricultural practices conducted by farmers, such as phosphate fertilization, and observing how they will influence AMF activity in benefiting plant growth should be prioritized. Thus, an experiment was conducted in greenhouse to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on the growth of cowpea plants colonized by AMF and to know which morphological pattern of colonization prevails in their roots. Five P doses and a control treatment, without fertilization, were added to the soil. Cowpea plants respond to phosphate fertilization up to the dose of 240.50 mg P kg-1 soil, for shoot dry mass and in the dose of 150 mg P kg-1 soil, for plant height. The morphological pattern observed in the roots was the intermediate type, characterized by the presence of intra and intercellular hyphae and vesicles, and there was no influence of phosphate fertilization on morphology. High P contents added to the soil led to a reduction in mycorrhizal colonization in cowpea roots.

scholarly journals The importance of litter quality for the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant litter decomposition (short communication)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F. Leifheit ◽  
M.C. Rillig
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Plant Litter Decomposition

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to positively and negatively affect plant litter decomposition. The use of litter types with different quality and different observation periods might be responsible for these contradictory results. Therefore, we performed a 10-week laboratory experiment with 7 litter types differing in their C:N ratio, and tested for effects of litter quality and the presence of AMF on litter decomposition. We found that decomposition of plant litter with higher C:N ratios was only beginning and was stimulated by AMF, whereas decomposition of plant litter with lower C:N ratios had already progressed and was decreased by AMF. With this study we show that not only litter quality is important for effects of AMF on litter decomposition, but also the stage of litter decomposition.

The Role of Metal Nanoparticles in Influencing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Effects on Plant Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 9496-9504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhi Feng ◽  
Xiangchao Cui ◽  
Shiying He ◽  
Ge Dong ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals The Role of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Protection, Growth Stimulation, and Crop Productivity of the Olive Tree (Olea europea L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Bizos ◽  
Efimia M. Papatheodorou ◽  
Theocharis Chatzistathis ◽  
Nikoletta Ntalli ◽  
Vassilis G. Aschonitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an emblematic, long-living fruit tree species of profound economic and environmental importance. This study is a literature review of articles published during the last 10 years about the role of beneficial microbes [Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF), and Endophytes] on olive tree plant growth and productivity, pathogen control, and alleviation from abiotic stress. The majority of the studies examined the AMF effect using mostly Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus mosseae species. These AMF species stimulate the root growth improving the resistance of olive plants to environmental and transplantation stresses. Among the PGPR, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum sp. and potassium- and phosphorous-solubilizing Bacillus sp. species were studied extensively. These PGPR species were combined with proper cultural practices and improved considerably olive plant’s growth. The endophytic bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus sp., as well as the fungal species Trichoderma sp. were identified as the most effective biocontrol agents against olive tree diseases (e.g., Verticillium wilt, root rot, and anthracnose).

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alleviation of Acidity Stress on Plant Growth

2013 ◽  
pp. 43-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thangavelu Muthukumar ◽  
Perumalsamy Priyadharsini ◽  
Eswaranpillai Uma ◽  
Sarah Jaison ◽  
Radha Raman Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
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