scholarly journals Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novirman Jamarun ◽  
Roni Pazla ◽  
Arief ARIEF ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Gusri Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Abstract. Jamarun N, Pazla R, Arief, Jayanegara A, Yanti G. 2020. Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5230-5236. This study aimed to determine the potential of mangrove leaves of Avicennia marina for ruminant animal feed. Laboratory tests were carried out on A. marina with three replicates. Parameters measured were proximate and fiber contents, rumen fluid profile (pH, NH3 and VFA), digestibility of nutrients (DM, Ash, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose), macro and micro mineral contents, and phytochemical compounds. The results showed the nutritional content of A. marina were CP 13.37%; Ash 7.17%; lignin 7.34%; TDN 79%, rumen fluid profile is in reasonable condition, digestibility of food substances is more than 50%, rich in macro and micro minerals and contains phytochemical compounds such as phenols, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. Macro and micro minerals content of Ca 0.38%, Na 0.20%, Mg 0.20%, K 0.48%, P 0.51%, S 0.01%, Cl 1.03%, Fe 388 ppm, Zn 164 ppm, Mn 211 ppm, and Cu 128 ppm. This research concludes that A. marina is very potential to be used as a ruminant animal feed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Agro-Industrial by Products as Potential Local Feed for Ruminant Animals: Chemical Composition, Fiber Fractions and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Said Mirza Pratama ◽  
Sitti Wajizah ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Samadi Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Coconut Meal ◽  
By Products ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals are considered as source of protein should be improved their productivity with the minimum cost production. Agro-industrial by products have been used as animal feed to reduce feed cost. The purpose of this study is to evaluate agro-industrial by product in Aceh as potential local feed for ruminant animals based on chemical composition, fiber fraction and in vitro rumen fermentation. There were eight sources of agro-industrial by products (sago residues, coconut meal, soybean-ketchup by product, coffee pulp, cacao pod, sago tree, corncob, and rice brand) which were collected from 3 different locations in Aceh.  All agro-industrial by product samples were dried at 600C for 24 h and ground to pass a 1 mm sieve. Grounded samples were analyzed to determine chemical composition, fiber fractions and in vitro rumen fermentation. Incubation was conducted at temperature 390C for 48 h in water bath with three replicates. Data for in vitro rumen fermentation were statically calculated by using SPSS differences between treatments were stated (P≤0.05) by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results indicated that agro industrial by product from coconut meal, ketchup residues, coffee by product, cacao by product, and rice brand can be used as source of protein and industrial by product from sago by product, sago tree and corncob can be used as source of energy. Neutral detergent  insoluble  CP (NDICP) and Acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP)  were relatively high for sago by product, sago tree and rice brand but relatively low for cacao by product and corncob. The value of incubated pH for most feed samples was in the normal range. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter  digestibility (IVOMD) were significantly difference (P≤0.05) each agro-industrial by products with the highest for sago and the lowest for coffee by product. In conclusion, agro-industrial by products had a potential feed for ruminant animals both as protein and energy sources. However, feed ingredients with high fiber content and low degradability, further treatments such as physical, chemical and biological treatments were required to improve the feed quality. 

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Age, Diet CP, NDF, EE, and Starch on the Rumen Bacteria Community and Function in Dairy Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Yangyi Hao ◽  
Yue Gong ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Shoukun Ji ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
High Age ◽  
Community Variation ◽  
And Function

To understand the effects of diet and age on the rumen bacterial community and function, forty-eight dairy cattle at 1.5 (M1.5), 6 (M6), 9 (M9), 18 (M18), 23 (M23), and 27 (M27) months old were selected. Rumen fermentation profile, enzyme activity, and bacteria community in rumen fluid were measured. The acetate to propionate ratio (A/P) at M9, M18, and M23 was higher than other ages, and M6 was the lowest (p < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) at M23 and M27 was higher than at other ages (p < 0.05). The urease at M18 was lower than at M1.5, M6, and M9, and the xylanase at M18 was higher than at M1.5, M23, and M27 (p < 0.05). Thirty-three bacteria were identified as biomarkers of the different groups based on the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) when the LDA score >4. The variation partitioning approach analysis showed that the age and diet had a 7.98 and 32.49% contribution to the rumen bacteria community variation, respectively. The richness of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Fibrobacter were positive correlated with age (r > 0.60, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with TVFA and acetate (r > 0.50, p < 0.01). The Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Saccharofermentans has a positive correlation (r > 0.80, p < 0.05) with diet fiber and a negative correlation (r < −0.80, p < 0.05) with diet protein and starch, which were also positively correlated with the acetate and A/P (r > 0.50, p < 0.01). The genera of Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Saccharofermentans could be worked as the target bacteria to modulate the rumen fermentation by diet; meanwhile, the high age correlated bacteria such as Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Fibrobacter also should be considered when shaping the rumen function.

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Bacteria Composition between Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Dairy Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2527
Author(s):  
Yangyi Hao ◽  
Chunyan Guo ◽  
Yue Gong ◽  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Fermentation Profile

To better understand the transition of rumen function during the weaning period in dairy calves, sixteen Holstein dairy calves were selected and divided into two groups: pre-weaning (age = 56 ± 7 day, n = 8) and post-weaning (age = 80 ± 6 day, n = 8). The rumen fluid was obtained by an oral gastric tube. The rumen fermentation profile, enzyme activity, bacteria composition, and their inter-relationship were investigated. The results indicated that the post-weaning calves had a higher rumen acetate, propionate, butyrate, and microbial crude protein (MCP) than the pre-weaning calves (p < 0.05). The rumen pH in the post-weaning calves was lower than the pre-weaning calves (p < 0.05). The protease, carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, and glucosidase in the post-weaning calves had a lower trend than the pre-weaning calves (0.05 < p < 0.1). There was no difference in α and β diversity between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis showed that the phylum of Fibrobacteres in the post-weaning group was higher than the pre-weaning group. At the genus level, Shuttleworthia, Rikenellaceae, Fibrobacter, and Syntrophococcus could be worked as the unique bacteria in the post-weaning group. The rumen bacteria network node degree in the post-weaning group was higher than the pre-weaning group (16.54 vs. 9.5). The Shuttleworthia genus was highly positively correlated with MCP, propionate, total volatile fatty acid, glucosidase, acetate, and butyrate (r > 0.65, and p < 0.01). Our study provided new information about the rumen enzyme activity and its relationship with bacteria, which help us to better understand the effects of weaning on the rumen function.

scholarly journals In vitro rumen methane output of forb species sampled in spring and summer

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter James Purcell ◽  
Tommy M. Boland ◽  
Martin O'Brien ◽  
Pádraig O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lower Extent ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation variables and methane (CH4) output of a range of common forb species sampled in spring and summer, and grass silage (14 treatments in total), were determined in this study. Dried, milled herbage samples were incubated in an in vitro rumen batch culture with rumen microbial inoculum (rumen fluid) and buffered mineral solution (artificial saliva) at 39 °C for 24 hours. All herbage chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation variables were affected (p<0.001) by treatment. Rumex obtusifolius (in spring and summer), Urtica dioica (summer) and Senecio jacobaea (summer) had lower (p<0.05) CH4 outputs relative to feed dry matter incubated compared with grass silage, reflecting their lower extent of in vitro rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Mineral status of soil, sea water, and mangrove (Avicennia marina) forages in several coastal areas of West Sumatra

2021 ◽  
pp. 1594-1601
Author(s):  
Gusri Yanti ◽  
Novirman Jamarun ◽  
Suyitman Suyitman ◽  
Benni Satria ◽  
Rani Winardi Wulan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
West Sumatra

Background and Aim: The availability of minerals in the soil affect the mineral content of mangrove leaves. This study aimed to determine the macro- and micromineral contents in the environment and mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) as animal feed in the coastal areas of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: In this study, soil, water, and mangrove leaves were extracted from the mangrove plant's environment. The mineral contents were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer of Beijing Rayleigh Analytical Instrument Corporation (make and country of origin). The total phenol and tannin contents were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and hide-powder methods, respectively. Results: The mineral content of the soil affected the mineral content of the plants. The soil and leaves of A. marina in the Pariaman area were richer in terms of macro- and microminerals. The soil had pH value, organic carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium of 5.65, 4.21%, 3.39%, 0.17%, 1.99%, and 0.54%, respectively. A. marina leaves had a total phenol and tannin contents of 24.51 mg GAE/g check the unit and 4.09%, respectively. Conclusion: This research showed that the mineral content in the soil in several mangrove areas in West Sumatra has a positive correlation with the mineral content in the leaves of A. marina, which have a complete mineral content. Therefore, A. marina leaves could be recommended as a mineral source for ruminants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ensiled soy sauce by-product combined with several additives as an animal feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-946
Author(s):  
Sadarman Sadarman ◽  
Muhammad Ridla ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Roni Ridwan ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Aim: The present experiment aimed to evaluate the use of different additives, i.e., lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant, tannin extract, and propionic acid, on the chemical composition, fermentative characteristics, and in vitro ruminal fermentation of soy sauce by-product (SSB) silage. Materials and Methods: SSB was subjected to seven silage additive treatments: Fresh SSB, ensiled SSB, ensiled SSB+LAB, ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, ensiled SSB+2% chestnut tannin, ensiled SSB+0.5% propionic acid, and ensiled SSB+1% acacia tannin+1% chestnut tannin+0.5% propionic acid. Ensiling was performed for 30 days in three replicates, and each replicate was made in duplicate. The samples were evaluated for their chemical composition and silage fermentation characteristics and were tested in an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results: In general, the nutrient compositions did not differ among the tested SSBs in response to the different additives used. The addition of tannins, either acacia or chestnut, and propionic acid significantly decreased the pH of the ensiled SSB (p<0.05). The addition of several additives (except LAB) decreased the ammonia concentration in SSB silage (p<0.05). The total volatile fatty acids in the in vitro rumen fermentation profile of the ensiled SSB were not significantly altered by the various additives applied. The addition of some additives, i.e., ensiled SSB+LAB and ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, reduced the digestibility values of the SSB (p<0.05). Different silage additives did not significantly affect methane production, although the addition of acacia tannins tended to result in the lowest methane production among treatments. Conclusion: The use of additives, particularly 2% acacia tannins, can reduce proteolysis in SSB silage.

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