scholarly journals Threat of blast fishing on coral diversity in Peucang Island, Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

Ocean Life ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
RADEN WILLY WIGUNA GUMBIRA ◽  
FITRI RIZKIA ◽  
TRI DEWI KUSUMANINGRUM PRIBADI ◽  
MUHAMMAD SYAEFUL HIDAYAT

Gumbira RWW, Rizkia F, Pribadi TDK, Hidayat MS. 2017. Threat of blast fishing on coral diversity in Peucang Island National Park, Indonesia. Ocean Life 1: 26-31. As a maritime country with high biodiversity, the health of Indonesian coral reefs is of high concern. Coral reef ecosystems are friable, and mortality occurs relatively quickly after disturbance, not only by nature but also by human activities such as fish bombing. Fish bombing is a big issue that has always threatened coral reefs, including in Peucang Island, part of Ujung Kulon National Park, a place that is protected by law to preserve its natural diversity. A study on coral coverage was conducted to observe the condition of corals and related biota in a coral reef ecosystem. Data was collected using Point Intercept Transect method in 2m and 8m depths. The results showed that coral coverage in 8-meter depth is only 44.02 percent of the live coral in 2-meter depth. The reduction in the value of Diversity Indices, Dominance Indices as well as the Evenness Index in all study sites led to low diversity, with no dominance by a particular species at any of the study sites. The results also showed that corals are well distributed in both depths. Over the past three years, the damage to corals in Peucang Island had generally increased by 0.7 percent due to fish bombing activities.

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Yates ◽  
David G. Zawada ◽  
Nathan A. Smiley ◽  
Ginger Tiling-Range

Abstract. Coral reefs serve as natural barriers that protect adjacent shorelines from coastal hazards such as storms, waves, and erosion. Projections indicate global degradation of coral reefs due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change will cause a transition to net erosion by mid-century. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the combined effect of all of the processes affecting seafloor accretion and erosion by measuring changes in seafloor elevation and volume for five coral reef ecosystems in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Caribbean over the last several decades. Regional-scale mean elevation and volume losses were observed at all five study sites and in 77 % of the 60 individual habitats that we examined across all study sites. Mean seafloor elevation losses for whole coral reef ecosystems in our study ranged from −0.09 to −0.8 m, corresponding to net volume losses ranging from 3.4  ×  106 to 80.5  ×  106 m3 for all study sites. Erosion of both coral-dominated substrate and non-coral substrate suggests that the current rate of carbonate production is no longer sufficient to support net accretion of coral reefs or adjacent habitats. We show that regional-scale loss of seafloor elevation and volume has accelerated the rate of relative sea level rise in these regions. Current water depths have increased to levels not predicted until near the year 2100, placing these ecosystems and nearby communities at elevated and accelerating risk to coastal hazards. Our results set a new baseline for projecting future impacts to coastal communities resulting from degradation of coral reef systems and associated losses of natural and socioeconomic resources.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Biondi ◽  
Giovanni D Masucci ◽  
James D Reimer

Global climate change is leading to damage and loss of coral reef ecosystems. On subtropical Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan, the prefectural government is working on coral reef restoration by outplanting coral colonies from family Acroporidae back to reefs after initially farming colonies inside protected nurseries. In this study we evaluated the ongoing restoration efforts by comparing outplanted locations with nearby control locations with no restoration activity. We examined 3 sites on the coast of Onna Village on the west coast of the island; each site included an outplanted and control location. We used 1) coral rubble sampling to evaluate and compare abundance and diversity of rubble cryptofauna; and 2) coral reef monitoring using photograph transects to track live coral coverage. Results showed that rubble shape had a positive correlation with the numbers of animals found within rubble themselves and may therefore constitute a reliable abundance predictor. Outplanted locations did not show differences with the controls in rubble cryptofauna abundance, but had significantly lower coral coverage. Differences between sites were significant, for both rubble cryptofauna and coral coverage.We recommend; 1) to evaluate outplanting colonies from more stress-resistant genera in place of Acropora, 2) to conduct regular surveys to monitor the situation closely, and 3) to establish conservation and sustainable practices that could aid restoration efforts, reducing coral mortality of both outplanted and native colonies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Nurliah Buhari ◽  
Mahardika Rizqi Himawan ◽  
Edwin Jefri ◽  
Paryono Paryono ◽  
Ibadur Rahman ◽  
...  

Gili Matra Aquatic Tourism Park has two conservation targets, namely biological targets and social, cultural and economic targets. Coral reef ecosystems, apart from being a conservation target, are also an attraction for tourists to visit. This research was conducted to determine the condition of the coral reef ecosystem to be used as the basis for the management of conservation areas. The research was conducted by collecting coral reef data either through surveys or secondary data from the results of previous studies. Coral reef survey using the standard Line Intercept Transect method. The survey results show that the condition of coral reefs in the utilization zone is better than the core zone. Live coral cover in the utilization zone reached 71% so it was categorized as good, while in the core zone it only reached 8% so it was categorized as bad. Coral reefs in the core zone are unable to recover even though the number of tourists has decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the location of the core zone on Gili Air needs to be evaluated further so that the effectiveness of Gili Matra TWP management can be improved.  Key words: coral reefs; Gili Matra; Conservation


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Insafitri Insafitri ◽  
Eka Nurahemma Ning Asih ◽  
Wahyu Andy Nugraha

Wisata snorkeling terumbu karang di perairan pulau Gili Labak merupakan salah satu sektor wisata bahari yang sedang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah kebupaten Sumenep Madura sejak tahun 2014 hingga saat ini. Peningkatan jumlah wisatawan yang terjadi pada beberapa tahun terakhir dapat menimbulkan resiko tekanan dan kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang di area snorkeling secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak kegiatan wisatawan sebelum, selama dan sesudah snorkeling terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang yang dikaji dengan mengetahui jenis karang yang mendominasi, status persentase tutupan terumbu karang serta potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling di lokasi wisata snorkeling pulau Gili Labak Sumenep. Persentase penutupan lifeform karang pulau Gili Labak khususnya di area snorkelling didominasi oleh karang hidup sebanyak 74% dan unsur abiotik sebesar 22%. Jenis karang yang mendominasi pulau Gili Labak adalah Acropora Branching sebesar 19,88% dan Coral Foliose sebesar 10,25%. Selama waktu 6 minggu pengamatan terjadi penurunan total karang sebesar 0,64% yang termasuk kategori rusak ringan, dimana sebagian besar kerusakan terjadi pada karang dengan bentuk pertumbahan branching misalnya Acropora Submassive dan Coral Submassive. Penurunan persen tutupan karang yang tinggi terjadi setelah kegiatan snorkeling (after) yang dilakukan oleh wisatawan. Analisa potensi Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) snorkeling pada terumbu karang di perairan Gili Labak selama 6 minggu pengamatan masuk dalam kategori rendah yaitu berkisar 0,052% hingga 0,085%. Faktor penyebab kecilnya nilai presentase Dampak Wisata Bahari (DWB) ini diduga karena waktu pengamatan cenderung pendek dan jenis karang yang mendominasi yaitu Acropora. Acropora memiliki kemampuan regenerasi lebih cepat dibandingkan jenis lainnya.  The snorkeling activity around coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak is one of the marine tourism sectors that is being developed by the Sumenep Madura district government since 2014. Increasing number of tourists that occurs in recent years pose a risk of pressure and damage to coral reef ecosystems in the snorkeling area. This study aims to determine the impact of tourist activities before, during and after snorkeling on coral reef ecosystems that are studied by knowing the type of dominated coral, the percentage status of coral cover and the potential Impact of snorkeling at the snorkeling sites of the island of Gili Labak Sumenep. The percentage of coral cover in the island of Gili Labak especially in the snorkelling area is dominated by live coral ( 74%) and abiotic elements by 22%. Coral species that dominate the island of Gili Labak are Acropora Branching at 19.88% and Coral Foliose at 10.25%. During the 6-week observation there was a decrease in live coral cover by 0.64% which was categorized as minor damage, most of the damage occurred to branching   Acropora, sub-massive Acropora and Coral Sub-massive. The high percent decrease in coral cover occurred after snorkeling conducted by tourists. Analysis of the potential impact of snorkeling on coral reefs in the waters of Gili Labak for 6 weeks of observation is in the low category, ranging from 0.052% to 0.085%. The factor causing the small impact of Marine Tourism is presumably because the observation time tends to be short and the dominant coral species is Acropora. Acropora has the ability to regenerate faster than other types.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Lillah Gustilah ◽  
Anhar Solichin ◽  
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo

Pulau Cilik merupakan salah satu dari 27 Pulau yang membentuk kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah. Kondisi terumbu karang yang masih baik menjadikan Pulau Cilik sebagai salah satu objek wisata. Adanya kegiatan pariwisata dikhawatirkan dapat mengganggu kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis dan perbedaan kelimpahan ikan antar kedalaman dan hubungan kerapatan bentuk karang dan kelimpahan ikan karang di berbagai tingkat kedalaman yang berbeda di Pulau Cilik Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2016 di perairan Pulau Cilik Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian bersifat deskriptif. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 4 stasiun yaitu barat, selatan, utara dan timur Pulau Cilik terdapat 2 titik kedalaman titik 1 3 m dan 10 m, masing-masing dilakukan pengulangan pengamatan 2 kali. Pada setiap titik dilakukan pengukuran parameter fisika dan kimia air, pengamatan kondisi bentuk karang dan kelimpahan ikan. Analisis data meliputi indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan perhitungan persentase tutupan karang hidup, karang mati, pasir dan pecahan karang. Data yang telah diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisa statistik dengan uji t, yaitu membandingkan kelimpahan ikan karang antara kedalaman 3 m dan 10 m serta membandingkan perbedaan hubungan antara bentuk karang dan ikan karang. Hasil Bentuk karang yang terdapat di Pulau Cilik yaitu bentuk karang keras dan kelimpahan ikan karang yang mendominasi adalah jenis ikan Pomacentridae. Hubungan kerapatan terumbu karang dengan kelimpahan ikan karang terdapat hubungan positif dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,6861 pada kedalaman 3 m dan 10 m, Persentase tutupan terumbu karang hidup termasuk kategori baik (>50%). Cilik Island is one of 27 island that form the Karimunjawa islands, Central Java. The condition of coral reefs are still outstanding to make Cilik Island as one of tourist destinations. The existence of tourism activities is worried to disrupt the condition of coral reef ecosystems. The aim of this research is to recognise the types and differences of fish abundance between depth and the relation of coral cover density and abundance of reef fish at different level of depth in Cilik Island Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java. This research was conducted in September 2016 in the waters of Pulau Cilik Karimunjawa National Park, Central Java. The research method used in the research is descriptive method. The observations were conducted on 4 stations, they are west, south, north and east of Cilik Island has 2 points depth point of 3m and 10m,each of observation was reapeted twice. At each point, It was conducted the measurement on physical and chemical parameters of water, observation of coral cover condition and fish abundance. Analysis data included index of diversity, uniformity and calculation of percentage of live coral cover, dead corals, sand and coral fragments. The obtained data were then analyzed statistically with t-test, by comparing the abundance of reef fish between 3 m and 10 m of depth and comparing the differences between coral cover and reef fish. The results of coral shape found in Pulau Cilik is the form of hard corals and the abundance of reef fish that dominate is Pomacentridae fish species. The correlation of coral reef density with abundance of reef fish has positive correlation with correlation coefficient value (R) 0,6861 at depth of 3 m and 10 m. The percentage of live coral cover is good category (> 50%). 


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Bachtiar Wahyu Mutaqin ◽  
Emy Puspita Yuendini ◽  
Bagas Aditya ◽  
Isfi Nurafifa Rachmi ◽  
Muhammad Ilham Fathurrizqi ◽  
...  

Ekosistem terumbu karang adalah ekosistem laut yang sangat rentan oleh kerusakan lingkungan. Terumbu karang di perairan Bilik, Taman Nasional Baluran merupakan contoh ekosistem terumbu karang yang mengalami ancaman kerusakan lingkungan akibat perubahan iklim dan aktivitas manusia. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memonitor kesehatan terumbu karang adalah dengan melihat kelimpahan megabentos dalam ekosistem terumbu karang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kesehatan ekosistem terumbu karang dengan melihat kelimpahan megabentos di perairan Bilik, Taman Nasional Baluran. Metode yang digunakan dalam inventarisasi megabentos adalah dengan Benthos Belt Transect dan analisis video di Blok Sijile dan Blok Jeding di Perairan Bilik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa di Blok Sijile tidak ditemukan ekosistem terumbu karang dan megabentos. Sementara itu di Blok Jeding ditemukan ekosistem terumbu karang dengan megabentos berupa bulu babi dan bintang laut biru. Kelimpahan bulu babi di dan bintang laut biru adalah 0-0,14 individu/m2. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kesehatan ekosistem terumbu karang di Blok Jeding perairan Bilik Sijile masih baik, namun perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena sebagian area terumbu karang mengalami pemutihan akibat aktivitas perikanan yang tidak ramah lingkungan.MEGABENTHOS ABUNDANCE AS CORAL HEALTH INDICATORS IN BILIK WATERS, BALURAN NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA. Coral reef ecosystems are marine ecosystems that are prone to environmental damage. Coral reefs in Bilik waters, Baluran National Park, are examples of coral reef ecosystems that are threatened by environmental damage due to climate change and human activities. One of the methods for health monitoring of coral reefs is by looking at the abundance of megabenthos in coral reef ecosystems. Therefore, this study aims to determine the health of coral reef ecosystems by looking at the abundance of megabenthos in Bilik waters, Baluran National Park. We used Benthos Belt Transect and video analysis to identify the spatial distribution and number of megabenthos in Sijile Block and Jeding Block, Bilik waters. The results showed that in Sijile Block, there were no coral reef neither megabenthos ecosystems. Meanwhile, in Jeding Block, there was a coral reefs ecosystem with megabenthos in the form of sea urchins and blue starfish. The abundance of sea urchins and the blue sea star in Jeding Block was about 0-0.14 individual/m2. These conditions indicate that the health of the coral reef ecosystem in Jeding Block, Bilik waters was still in good condition, even though it still needs special attention related to coral bleaching as a consequence of fisheries activities that are not environmentally friendly.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Biondi ◽  
Giovanni D Masucci ◽  
James D Reimer

Global climate change is leading to damage and loss of coral reef ecosystems. On subtropical Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan, the prefectural government is working on coral reef restoration by outplanting coral colonies from family Acroporidae back to reefs after initially farming colonies inside protected nurseries. In this study we evaluated the ongoing restoration efforts by comparing outplanted locations with nearby control locations with no restoration activity. We examined 3 sites on the coast of Onna Village on the west coast of the island; each site included an outplanted and control location. We used 1) coral rubble sampling to evaluate and compare abundance and diversity of rubble cryptofauna; and 2) coral reef monitoring using photograph transects to track live coral coverage. Results showed that rubble shape had a positive correlation with the numbers of animals found within rubble themselves and may therefore constitute a reliable abundance predictor. Outplanted locations did not show differences with the controls in rubble cryptofauna abundance, but had significantly lower coral coverage. Differences between sites were significant, for both rubble cryptofauna and coral coverage.We recommend; 1) to evaluate outplanting colonies from more stress-resistant genera in place of Acropora, 2) to conduct regular surveys to monitor the situation closely, and 3) to establish conservation and sustainable practices that could aid restoration efforts, reducing coral mortality of both outplanted and native colonies.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Yates ◽  
David G. Zawada ◽  
Nathan A. Smiley ◽  
Ginger Tiling-Range

Abstract. Coral reefs serve as natural barriers that protect adjacent shorelines from coastal hazards such as storms, waves and erosion. Projections indicate global degradation of coral reefs due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change will cause a transition to net erosion by mid-century. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the combined effect of all of the processes affecting seafloor accretion and erosion by measuring changes in seafloor elevation and volume for 5 coral reef ecosystems in the Atlantic, Pacific and Caribbean over the last several decades. Regional-scale mean elevation and volume losses were observed at all 5 study sites and in 78 % of the 59 individual habitats that we examined across all study sites. We estimate that 12 % to 65 % of seafloor elevation loss may be attributed to reduced carbonate production, bioerosion and carbonate dissolution and 35 % to 88 % may be attributed to physical erosion and export of sediment from these systems. Erosion of both coral-dominated substrate and non-coral substrate suggests that the current rate of carbonate production is no longer sufficient to support net accretion of coral reefs or adjacent habitats. We show that regional-scale loss of seafloor elevation and volume has accelerated the rate of relative sea level rise in these regions. Current water depths have increased to levels not predicted until near the year 2100, placing these ecosystems and nearby communities at elevated and accelerating risk to coastal hazards. Our results set a new baseline for projecting future impacts to coastal communities resulting from degradation of coral reef systems and associated losses of natural and socio-economic resources.


Author(s):  
Linda Noviana

Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu (TNLKpS) has a unique natural resource is the natural beauty of the sea and coral ecosystems are unique. But along with the rapid population growth of Jakarta as the capital city and the increasing number of tourists also affect the condition of coral reefs in TNLKpS. This study aimed to analyze and assess the ecological condition of coral reef ecosystems in the utilization zone travel TNLKpS by coral cover life and death, diversity as well as the factors causing the damage of the survey line intercept transect (LIT), literature review, interviews and analysis of the condition of coral reefs by Decree LH No. 4 of 2001 on Baku Criteria Damage Coral Karan. Condition of the reef by live coral cover otherwise damaged to moderate, based on the otherwise dead coral cover damaged high to moderate damage, then the number and type of reef fish more on the depth of 10 meters in comparison with 3 meters. Thecondition of coral reef ecosystems is common in 3 islands (Pulau Putri, Pulau Macan and Pulau Angin Angin Genteng) in TNKS is still quite good, but in some snorkeling spots it looks bad (3 stations) and medium (2 stations) when compared to spots diving (only 1 bad station).


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Billy N. Ompi ◽  
Unstain N.W.J. Rembet ◽  
Ari B. Rondonuwu

This research objective was to determine the condition of Coral Reef ecosystems in Dakokayu and Hogow Islands, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The method that has been used in this studies that is Line Intercept Transect (LIT) by diving activities at 5 meter and 10 meters depth with 50 meters transect length. Each biota passed by the line transect recorded according based on shape of growth.Coral Reefs conditon in Hogow Island in 5 meters and 10 meters depth were categorized as a “Good” where the percentage of live coral cover in 5 meters depth is 70.12% and in 10 meters depth  is 55.78%. The condition of Coral Reefs on Dokokayu Island at a depth of 5 meters is categorized “Good” with the percentage of live coral cover is 56.32% while in the 10 meters depth it is categorized as “Medium” with the percentage of live coral cover is 48.10%. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, brightness, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) are within the range of tolerance for Coral Reefs to survive.Keywords: Condition, Coral Reef, Hogow, DokokayuABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Dakokayu dan Pulau Hogow, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara.  Metode yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Line Intercept Transek (LIT) dengan melakukan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5 dan 10 meter dengan panjang transek 50 meter.  Setiap biota yang dilewati transek akan dicatat menurut bentuk pertumbuhannya. Secara umum, kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Hogow pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 10 meter, dikategorikan Baik dimana persentasi tutupan karang hidup pada kedalaman 5 meter sebesar 70,12% dan pada kedalaman 10 meter sebesar 55,78%.  Kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Dokokayu pada kedalaman 5 meter dikategorikan Baik  dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 56,32% sedangkan di kedalaman 10 meter dikategorikan  Sedang  dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 48,10 %. Parameter kualitas perairan seperti suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, pH, dan oksigen terlarut (DO) berada dalam kisaran toleransi bagi terumbu karang untuk dapat bertahan hidup.Kata Kunci : Kondisi, Terumbu Karang, Hogow, Dokokayu


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