scholarly journals Species composition and role of exotic invasive pioneers in vegetation establishment on Mount Merapi Volcanic Deposits in Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
SUTOMO SUTOMO
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Volcanic Deposits ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Vegetation Establishment

Sutomo. 2018. Species composition and role of exotic invasive pioneers in vegetation establishment on Mount Merapi Volcanic Deposits in Java, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 2: 59-64. The volcanic deposits found in Mt Merapi are relatively new in terms of years since last known eruption. The objective of this study was to make use of the chronosequence method to describe changes in the species composition patterns in vegetation establishment, and to conduct observations on whether pioneer species, especially exotic and perhaps also invasive species, are decreasing or increasing species diversity in the succession. Results showed that the younger deposits were dominated by Athyrium macrocarpum, Polygonum chinense, Paspalum conjugatum and Cyperus flavidus. The older deposits were dominated by Anaphalis javanica, Imperata cylindrica, Polytrias amaura and Eupatorium riparium. Invasive (native and exotic) pioneer species such as Imperata cylindrica, Anaphalis javanica, Calliandra callothyrsus, Polyosma ilicifolia, and Eupatorium riparium showed positive correlation with species diversity. It is important to understand the role of non-native, invasive alien species in the recovery process. Early recovery generally depends on these species to boost the succession, but in the longer term invasive species may affect the successional trajectory.

Influence of Chemical Diversity in Determining Lichen Communities Structure along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Chopta Tungnath, Western Himalaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 07-13
Author(s):  
Vertika Shukla ◽  
Rajesh Bajpai ◽  
Manoj Semwal ◽  
D. K. Upreti
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
High Precipitation

In recent years there has been growing interest in the study on lichen diversity with relation to altitudinal gradient and anthropogenic disturbances , as changes in lichen community composition may indicate air quality and microclimatic changes. The altitudinal data of species diversity and its subsequent changes with respect to time and space may provide vital information regarding impact of air pollution and/or climate change at regional or global scales. Chopta-Tungnath and adjoining areas of Garhwal Himalaya provide habitat and ecological variation with range of altitude lying between 300 to 3000 m. Out of the 116 species of lichens known from the studied area, the highest species diversity was observed between altitudes 1800 to 2100 m. Lichen communities occurring between 600–1800 m were dominated by members of Physciaceae, while Parmeliaceae were most common above 1800 m. Altitude beyond 2100 m experiences high precipitation, varying temperature conditions and increased incident UV radiation, which are responsible for controlling the variability in lichen diversity to a great extent in the region. The diversity of secondary metabolites in lichen species and consequent changes in species composition at various altitudes indicate the association of secondary chemicals in conferring the lichens resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The correlations of lichen diversity, secondary metabolites and the altitudes at which the lichens are growing, present suggestive role of secondary metabolites in determining species composition and sustainability in different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Diversity of Ipinu-Igede Sacred Forest in Oju Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. T. Ikyaagba ◽  
J. I. Amonum ◽  
S. Okwoche
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Sacred Forest ◽  
Sacred Forests

The role of sacred forest/sacred groves in the conservation of biodiversity is well recognised and documented. Despite the importance of sacred forests in conservation, data of flora species composition and diversity in many sacred forests still remain scanty.  The study was conducted to provide baseline data on tree species composition and diversity of Ipinu-Igede sacred forest with a view to promote the role of sacred forest in flora conservation in the area. Systematic sampling technique was adopted for the study. A base line transect of 2 km long was established and five (5) other transects 2 km long were laid at regular interval of 500 km apart. On each transect, 4 sampling plots of 50 mx50 m were established at a regular interval of 500m apart. Within the         50 m x50 m plots, trees with diameter at breast height (DBH)≥10 cm were identified and enumerated. Species Important Value Index (IVI), species richness, species evenness and species diversity were estimated. A total number of 50 tree species in 19 families were recorded. Cola gigantea was the most important tree species with IVI of 14.56, this was followed by Harungana madagascariensis with 13.14. Caesalpinioideae was the dominant family with 6 species, 48.15% of the families were represented by only one species. The species richness was D=9.436, Species Evenness was E´=0.7668 and species diversity was H=3.646. Thirty percent (30%) of the tree species were in the DBH class of 1-40cm indicating good regeneration status of the sacred forest. Acknowledgement of the traditional practices by scientists and other actors in natural resources conservation will help in promoting forest conservation.

scholarly journals Species Monitoring Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to Reveal the Ecological Role of Plateau Pika in Maintaining Vegetation Diversity on the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qin ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yan Qin ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Plateau Pika ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vegetation Species

Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae, hereafter pika) is considered to exert a profound impact on vegetation species diversity of alpine grasslands. Great efforts have been made at mound or quadrat scales; nevertheless, there is still controversy about the effect of pika. It is vital to monitor vegetation species composition in natural heterogeneous ecosystems at a large scale to accurately evaluate the real role of pika. In this study, we performed field survey at 55 alpine grassland sites across the Shule River Basin using combined methods of aerial photographing using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and traditional ground measurement. Based on our UAV operation system, Fragmentation Monitoring and Analysis with aerial Photography (FragMAP), aerial images were acquired. Plot-scale vegetation species were visually identified, and total pika burrow exits were automatically retrieved using the self-developed image processing software. We found that there were significant linear relationships between the vegetation species diversity indexes obtained by these two methods. Additionally, the total number of identified species by the UAV method was 71, which was higher than the Quadrat method recognition, with the quantity of 63. Our results indicate that the UAV was suitable for long-term repeated monitoring vegetation species composition of multiple alpine grasslands at plot scale. With the merits of UAV, it confirmed that pika’s disturbance belonged to the medium level, with the density ranging from 30.17 to 65.53 ha−1. Under this density level, pika had a positive effect on vegetation species diversity, particularly for the species richness of sedge and forb. These findings conclude that the UAV was an efficient and economic tool for species monitoring to reveal the role of pika in the alpine grasslands.

scholarly journals EXOTIC INVASIVE FLORA EVALUATION ON DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS AND PRESERVATION CONDITIONS FROM AN AREA BELONGING TO CAATINGA, PETROLINA, PE

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasciane da Silva Alves ◽  
Juliano Ricardo Fabricante
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Central America ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Flora ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Preservation Conditions

Biological invasions are increasingly common worldwide due to continuous transformations that environments have been undergoing. Thus, this study aimed to catalog the exotic invasive species that occur on different environments at the Agricultural Sciences Campus from the Federal University of the São Francisco Valley, Petrolina-PE and to measure the distribution of the species diversity in the evaluated environments. The study area was initially divided into six environments. By walking around (active search) through these environments, all exotic invasive species were collected and herborized. Overall, 29 species were sampled, distributed into 16 genera and 12 families. From all catalogued species, 18 were herbs, four trees, four climbing plants and three were bushes. Regarding their origin, 13 were from African continent, one from Europe, two from Asia, two from India, one from Madagascar and four from Central America. Some species still have natural occurrence at more than one continent. The ruderal environments showed greater similarity to each other, with a percentage of exotic invasive species in common, equal or greater than 75%. This study suggests that modified (degraded) environments are enabler of biological invasions.

Long-term dynamics and destruction of marsh vegetation in the Kolokolkova Bay of the Barents Sea

2012 ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Lavrinenko ◽  
O. V. Lavrinenko ◽  
D. V. Dobrynin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The satellite images show that the area of marshes in the Kolokolkova bay was notstable during the period from 1973 up to 2011. Until 2010 it varied from 357 to 636 ha. After a severe storm happened on July 24–25, 2010 the total area of marshes was reduced up to 43–50 ha. The mean value of NDVI for studied marshes, reflecting the green biomass, varied from 0.13 to 0.32 before the storm in 2010, after the storm the NDVI decreased to 0.10, in 2011 — 0.03. A comparative analysis of species composition and structure of plant communities described in 2002 and 2011, allowed to evaluate the vegetation changes of marshes of the different topographic levels. They are fol­lowing: a total destruction of plant communities of the ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis and ass. Caricetum subspathaceae on low and middle marches; increasing role of halophytic species in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. typicum on middle marches; some changes in species composition and structure of plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. festucetosum rubrae on high marches and ass. Parnassio palustris–Salicetum reptantis in transition zone between marches and tundra without changes of their syntaxonomy; a death of moss cover in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum mackenziei var. Warnstorfia exannulata on brackish coastal bogs. The possible reasons of dramatic vegetation dynamics are discussed. The dating of the storm makes it possible to observe the directions and rates of the succession of marches vegetation.

scholarly journals The role of reservoirs in changing the species composition of the ichthyofauna (on the example of the Kuibyshev reservoir)

2019 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
F M Shakirova ◽  
V Z Latypova ◽  
N Yu. Stepanova ◽  
V G Tereshchenko ◽  
O K Anokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir

scholarly journals The Species Composition and Seasonal Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Populations on Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Southeastern Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kucharczyk ◽  
Paweł Bereś ◽  
Zbigniew Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Thrips Species

The Species Composition and Seasonal Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Populations on Maize (Zea MaysL.) in Southeastern PolandThrips species composition and seasonal abundance was studied on maize crops during two seasons (2006-2007), in southeastern Poland. Altogether 21 species have been identified, among themFrankliniella tenuicornis(Uzel 1895) andHaplothrips aculeatus(Fabricius 1803) which are a graminicolous species and were eudominants, comprising 96.8% in 2006 and 82.0% in 2007 of all collected specimens. Other species occurred only in low numbers. The frequent and numerous presence ofF. tenuicornisspecies in their immature stages in the samples, confirmed the role of the maize plant as the host.H. aculeatusprobably chose maize as a food source and substitute plant for breeding.

Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Forest Clearance

Abstract C. peltata is an important pioneer species in its native range Americas following forest clearance. It has also been introduced into coffee plantations as a shade tree and into botanical gardens in Africa. However, its presence on the ISSG list of the 100 worst invasive species (ISSG, 2003) means that its notoriety as an invasive species may limit further introductions.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF A 5-YEAR-OLD REHABILITATED RIPARIAN FOREST: IS IT ALREADY SUSTAINABLE?

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-610
Author(s):  
Vinícius Londe ◽  
Hildeberto Caldas de Sousa ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Kozovits
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Hemispherical Photographs ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Exotic Invasive Plants ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTAs important as the establishment of projects of ecological restoration is its assessment post-implementation to know whether the area is becoming self-sustainable or need to be redirected. In this way, this study aimed to know the current situation of a 5-year-old rehabilitated riparian forest,inserted in an anthropogenic impacted region,at the das Velhas River, Minas Gerais State, studying the canopy openness and recruitment of seedlings as plant indicators. 15 plots were allocated in the forest, where hemispherical photographs were taken to analyze the canopy openness and evaluate all seedlings from 0.30 m to 1.30 m height.Canopy openness ranged from 23.7% to 38.8% between seasons and only 192 seedlings were found,from 13 species, five of them exotic and aggressive. Although canopy openness was low, it seems that lateral penetration of light has been favoring the development and dominancy of plants from invasive species, whereas few native ones have been recruited. The exotic/invasive plants may compromise the success of restoration mainly by competition with native planted species. The outcomes evidenced an unsustainability of the riparian forest and the requirement of some management actions to control exotic and invasive plants and ensure the preservation of the area and its ecological roles over time.

scholarly journals Composition and diversity of anurans in the Restinga of the Conde municipality, northern coast of the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Augusto Trindade Gondim-Silva ◽  
Alessandra Rodrigues Santos Andrade ◽  
Rafael Oliveira Abreu ◽  
Jamile Santos Nascimento ◽  
Geovane Paixão Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Anuran Species

Abstract The Conde municipality is located in the northern coast of the state of Bahia (NC), northeastern Brazil, and is part of the Atlantic Tropical domain. The anuran fauna of the northern portion of the NC is still poorly known if compared to the southern portion. The Restinga is one of the predominant environments of the coastal plains of the NC and it is characterized essentially by presenting sandy soil covered by herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. The objective of this study was to determine the anuran species composition and diversity for the Restinga of the Conde municipality. Sampling was carried out at night by active search over four periods of five consecutive days each, two over the 'main rainy season' and two in a 'lesser rainy season', using 14 sample units (SUs) and five extra sample plots (EPs). We calculated dominance and species diversity using the Berger-Parker and Shannon-Wiener H' indices, respectively. We used accumulation curves and the Jackknife 1 estimator to estimate anuran species richness, considering only the data obtained from the SUs. We recorded 713 anuran specimens distributed within 33 species, 13 genera and five families (Bufonidae, Craugastoridae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae and Microhylidae). The Hylidae and Leptodactylidae families had the highest species richness. Considering only the SUs (Jackknife 1 estimator in brackets), we recorded 28 species in the study area (33.9 ± 2.3), 13 in Shrubby Vegetation Zones - SVZ (20.8 ± 2.9) and 25 in Freshwater Wetland Zones - FWZ (28.9 ± 1.9). The abundance and species diversity of the FWZ (n = 638 specimens; H'= 2.4) were higher than those recorded for the SVZ (n = 52 specimens; H' = 1.9). The SVZ and FWZ showed distinct dominant species, wherein Pristimantis paulodutrai was the dominant species in SVZ and Scinax fuscomarginatus in FWZ. The Restinga of the Conde municipality stands out as the one with the highest anuran species richness already recorded considering only SVZ and FWZ. Moreover, its anuran species composition represented 55% of the anuran species known for the NC and included taxa common to three different morphoclimatic domains (Tropical Atlantic, Cerrado and Caatinga).

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