scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Different Adduction Loads on EMG Activities of Selected Shoulder Muscles During Shoulder External Rotation Exercise in Healthy Young People

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Chang-Hwan Bae ◽  
Eun-Hong Choi ◽  
Myoung-Kwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Healthy Young People ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation

scholarly journals Reliability of Isometric and Eccentric Isokinetic Shoulder External Rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna M. Papotto ◽  
Thomas Rice ◽  
Terry Malone ◽  
Timothy Butterfield ◽  
Tim L. Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Deceleration Phase ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Average Angle

Context: Shoulder external rotators are challenged eccentrically throughout the deceleration phase of throwing, which is thought to contribute to overuse injuries. To evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs, as well as identifying deficits, reliable and responsive measures of isometric and eccentric shoulder external rotation are necessary. Previously, isometric measures have primarily tested a single position, and eccentric measures have not been found to have high reliability. Objective: To examine the between-days reliability of multiple-angle isometric and dynamic eccentric isokinetic testing of shoulder external rotation. Design: Repeated measures. Participants: 10 healthy subjects (age 30 ± 12 y, height 166 ± 13 cm, mass 72 ± 10 kg). Main Outcome Measures: Average isometric peak torque of shoulder external rotation at 7 angles was measured. From these values, the angle of isometric peak torque was calculated. Dynamic eccentric average peak torque, average total work, and average angle of peak torque were measured. Results: Between-days reliability was high for average peak torque during isometric contractions at all angles (ICC ≥ .85), as it was for dynamic eccentric average peak torque (ICC ≥ .97). The estimated angle of isometric peak torque (ICC ≤ .65) was not highly reliable between days. The average angle of peak torque from the eccentric testing produced inconsistent results. Average total work of dynamic eccentric shoulder external rotation was found to be highly reliable between days (ICC ≥ . 97). Conclusion: Aspects of force such as peak torque and total work in isometric and eccentric testing of the shoulder external-rotator muscles can be measured reliably between days and used to objectively evaluate shoulder strength and identify changes when they occur. Angle measurements of peak torque could provide insight into the mechanical properties of the posterior shoulder muscles but were found to be inconsistent between days.

scholarly journals ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SHOULDER MUSCLES DURING SHOULDER EXTERNAL ROTATION WITH REFERENCE TO LOAD MAGNITUDE

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORITOSHI SUZUKI ◽  
TOMOHIRO KIZUKA ◽  
HIROSHI NOGUCHI ◽  
SHINOBU TANAKA ◽  
HITOSHI SHIMOJO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Muscles ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis

Nerve graft versus nerve transfer for neonatal brachial plexus: shoulder outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Smith ◽  
Kate W. C. Chang ◽  
Sravanthi Koduri ◽  
Lynda J. S. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Shoulder Function ◽  
Nerve Transfers ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transfer Strategies ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation

OBJECTIVEThe decision-making in neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) treatment continues to have many areas in need of clarification. Graft repair was the gold standard until the introduction of nerve transfer strategies. Currently, there is conflicting evidence regarding outcomes in patients with nerve grafts versus nerve transfers in relation to shoulder function. The objective of this study was to further define the outcomes for reconstruction strategies in NBPP with a specific focus on the shoulder.METHODSA cohort of patients with NBPP and surgical repairs from a single center were reviewed. Demographic and standard clinical data, including imaging and electrodiagnostics, were gathered from a clinical database. Clinical data from physical therapy evaluations, including active and passive range of motion, were examined. Statistical analysis was performed on the available data.RESULTSForty-five patients met the inclusion criteria for this study, 19 with graft repair and 26 with nerve transfers. There were no significant differences in demographics between the two groups. Understandably, there were no patients in the nerve grafting group with preganglionic lesions, resulting in a difference in lesion type between the cohorts. There were no differences in preoperative shoulder function between the cohorts. Both groups reached statistically significant improvements in shoulder flexion and shoulder abduction. The nerve transfer group experienced a significant improvement in shoulder external rotation, from −78° to −28° (p = 0.0001), whereas a significant difference was not reached in the graft group. When compared between groups, there appeared to be a trend favoring nerve transfer in shoulder external rotation, with the graft patients improving by 17° and the transfer patients improving by 49° (p = 0.07).CONCLUSIONSIn NBPP, patients with shoulder weakness experience statistically significant improvements in shoulder flexion and abduction after graft repair or nerve transfer, and patients with nerve transfers additionally experience significant improvement in external rotation. With regard to shoulder external rotation, there appear to be some data supporting the use of nerve transfers.

scholarly journals Visual Attention and Aging: an Age-Related Cognitive Model of Positive Adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rodríguez-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Young People

We have studied the effects of normal aging on visual attention. Have participated a group of 38 healthy elderly people with an average age of 67.8 years and a group of 39 healthy young people with average age of 19.2 years. In a first experiment of visual detection, response times were recorded, with and without covert attention, to the presentation of stimuli (0.5º in diameter grey circles) appearing in three eccentricities (2.15, 3.83 and 5.53° of visual field) and with three levels of contrast (6, 16 and 78%). In a second experiment of visual form discrimination circles and squares with the same features as in the previous experiment were presented, but in this case subjects only should respond to the emergence of the circles. In both age groups, the covert attention reduced response times. Compared to young people, the older group achieved better results in some aspects of attention tests and response times were reduced more in the stimuli of greater eccentricity. The data suggest that there is a mechanism of adaptation in aging, in which visual attention especially favors the perception of those stimuli more difficult to detec

On the issue of sudden death while swimming

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 538-538
Author(s):  
E. Strauge
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Healthy Young People

Based on the experience gained with a single clinical observation, the author concludes that the sudden death of healthy young people during swimming is in some cases due to shock caused by the absorption of toxic amounts of H-substants (histamine), which are released in the overly sensitive skin due to cooling.

scholarly journals Perceived exertion and energy expenditure during physical activities in healthy young people and older adults

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-510
Author(s):  
Oyéné Kossi ◽  
Justine Lacroix ◽  
Maxence Compagnat ◽  
Jean Christophe Daviet ◽  
Stéphane Mandigout
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Young People

Aim: To test the validity of Borg’s 6–20 rating of perceived exertion scale in assessing the exertion intensity over a multi-activity session in young and older adults.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 56 healthy participants. All participants underwent a single session of activities including working on a computer, treadmill walking, biking, and treadmill running. Results: Results showed a non-significant correlation between the overall perceived exertion and energy expenditure in young people (Rho=−0.05, p=0.75) and in older adults (Rho=−0.05, p=0.78) for the whole session. However, results showed that older adults perceived significantly higher exertion compared to young people while working on a computer, walking and running, whereas they presented lower energy expenditure while resting and working on a computer. Conclusions: Combining the perceived exertion method with other commonly used methods to estimate exercise intensity would be recommended for older adults.

Nerve Transfer Is Superior to Nerve Grafting for Suprascapular Nerve Reconstruction in Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Birth Injury: A Meta-Analysis

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472110306
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Nickel ◽  
Alexander Morzycki ◽  
Ralph Hsiao ◽  
Michael J. Morhart ◽  
Jaret L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Nerve Grafting ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation

Background Restoration of shoulder function in obstetrical brachial plexus injury is paramount. There remains debate as to the optimal method of upper trunk reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer leads to improved shoulder external rotation relative to sural nerve grafting. Methods A systematic review of Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and TRIP Pro from inception was conducted. Our primary outcome was shoulder external rotation. Results Four studies were included. Nerve transfer was associated with greater shoulder external rotation relative to nerve grafting (mean difference: 0.82 AMS 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27-1.36, P < .005). Patients undergoing nerve grafting were more likely to undergo a secondary shoulder stabilizing procedure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.8376-1.9268). Conclusion In obstetrical brachial plexus injury, nerve transfer is associated with improved shoulder external rotation and a lower rate of secondary shoulder surgery. Level of Evidence Level III; Therapeutic

Reactive Response of Older Tennis Practitioners and Healthy Young People in Relation to Balance Perturbations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathana Alves de França ◽  
Lucca Zambuzzi Nardin do Nascimento ◽  
Caluê Papcke ◽  
Eduardo Mendonça Scheeren
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Healthy Young People

Kinematic determinants of performance parameters during golf swing

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batbayar Khuyagbaatar ◽  
Tserenchimed Purevsuren ◽  
Yoon Hyuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Left Elbow ◽  
Posterior Tilt ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Measures Of Performance

In golf, the trunk and pelvis kinematic variables are often related to measures of performance due to the highly complex and multi-joint movements involved in swings. However, it is unclear how specific body segments or joints contributed to the golf performance parameters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the key joints, including those of the upper and lower trunk, that are associated with golf performance parameters, such as X-Factor and pelvis motion. A motion capture system was used to obtain three-dimensional kinematics of golf swings performed by 10 low handicap male golfers. Based on regression analysis, right knee adduction, right shoulder external rotation and left elbow extension in ball address to top of the backswing and left knee adduction and lower trunk right bending with left rotation in top of the backswing to end of follow-through were presented as predictor variables for the X-Factor. For pelvis movement, a greater number of joint angles were associated with pelvis posterior tilt during backswing and pelvis motion to target with right rotation during downswing/follow-through. This study provides fundamental details of the movement mechanisms of major joints, as well as their relationships with performance parameters. Such understanding can be combined with training to improve the golfing skill and prevent possible injuries.

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