scholarly journals Evaluation of Motor Changes and Toxicity of Insecticides Fipronil and Imidacloprid in Africanized Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Sartori Lunardi ◽  
Rodrigo Zaluski ◽  
Ricardo De Oliveira Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Honey Bee Foragers ◽  
Significant Motor ◽  
Motor Alterations

Honey bees are important pollinators and are essential in beekeeping. Honey bees get exposed to systemic pesticides while foraging in contaminated fields, and it is important to know the toxicity (LD50) and evaluate the impacts of bees’ exposure to these molecules. Fipronil and imidacloprid are systemic pesticides widely used in Brazil and other countries. The objective of this study was to determine the LD50 (24 hours) and evaluate motor changes in Africanized honey bee foragers exposed to lethal and sublethal doses of fipronil and imidacloprid. To determine the LD50, foraging honey bees were exposed by ingestion and contact to five doses of fipronil (Regent 800WG®) and imidacloprid (Appalus 200SC®) insecticides. After 24 hours of exposure, the number of dead bees was counted, and the results were subjected to probit analysis. The motor activity of bees exposed by ingestion or contact to LD50 and sublethal doses (1/500th of the LD50) of both pesticides was assessed 4 hours after exposure using a behavioral observation box. The ingestion and contact with LD50 of fipronil were 0.0528±0.0090 and 0.0054±0.0041 μg/bee, respectively; the ingestion and contact with LD50 of imidacloprid were 0.0809±0.0135 and 0.0626±0.0080 μg/bee, respectively. Bees exposed to lethal and sublethal doses of both insecticides experienced significant motor alterations compared to the control, except for exposure to sublethal doses of fipronil by contact. Fipronil and imidacloprid are highly toxic and promote motor changes in bees. Thus, it is important to establish management methods to reduce pollinators’ exposure to these pesticides.

scholarly journals Keeping Africanized Honey Bees Out of Wildlife Nest Boxes

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Kern, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Nest Boxes

ENY-838, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by William H. Kern, Jr., provides useful information for keeping pests out of bird and mammal nest boxes, especially the Africanized honey bee, which has become established in Florida, and sets up colonies in smaller and lower locations which may displace wildlife that uses these locations as dens. Includes recommendations, what to do if bees have invaded your nest box, and references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, January 2007. ENY-838/IN682: Keeping Africanized Honey Bees Out of Wildlife Nest Boxes (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Bees biodiversity, forage behavior and fruit production in gherkin crop (Cucumis anguria L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47421
Author(s):  
Darclet Teresinha Malerbo-Souza ◽  
Milena Oliveira de Andrade ◽  
Rodrigo Alves de Siqueira ◽  
Núbia Maria Guedes de Medeiros ◽  
Lucas Rodrigues de Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
University Center ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
The University ◽  
Female Flowers

The objectives were to evaluate the biodiversity of bees, forage behavior and their effect on fruit production in the gherkin crop (Cucumis anguria L.) in the campus of the University Center Moura Lacerda in two years. The frequency and type of collection of the insects in the flowers was observed by counting from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., in the first 10 minutes of each time, for three distinct days in each year. The percentage of fruiting was quantified in 25 female flowers covered with nylon compared to the 25 female flowers uncovered in the two years. The flowers were visited by the Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera and the native bees Plebeia sp., Exomalopsis sp. and Melissodes sp., and the Africanized honey bees presented higher frequency and constancy with a higher number of visits in the male flowers compared to the female ones and these visits occurred between 8:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Without the visitation of the bees there was no fruit production, and both the Africanized honey bee and the native ones when collecting nectar and pollen, visited both female and male flowers, carrying pollen in their body, being considered important pollinators of this culture.

scholarly journals Highly polymorphic DNA markers in an Africanized honey bee population in Costa Rica

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Arturo Lobo Segura
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
South African ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Founder Effects ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Mtdna Coi

Two genetic markers (the mtDNA COI-COII intergenic region and the microsatellite A7) with high levels of variability in South African and European honey bees were analyzed in wild swarms of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) from Costa Rica. Allelic or haplotypic frequencies revealed high levels of genetic variability at these loci in this population. Most of the alleles were African alleles, although some European-derived alleles were also present. Differences in the frequencies of African alleles between African and Africanized samples were minor, which could be explained by founder effects occurring during the introduction of African honey bee populations into South America.

scholarly journals Analysis of Africanized honey bee mitochondrial DNA reveals further diversity of origin

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. Sheppard ◽  
Thomas E. Rinderer ◽  
Lionel Garnery ◽  
Hachiro Shimanuki
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Spacer Length ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Genetic Source ◽  
Sub Saharan

Within the past 40 years, Africanized honey bees spread from Brazil and now occupy most areas habitable by the species Apis mellifera, from Argentina to the southwestern United States. The primary genetic source for Africanized honey bees is believed to be the sub-Saharan honey bee subspecies A. m. scutellata. Mitochondrial markers common in A. m. scutellata have been used to classify Africanized honey bees in population genetic and physiological studies. Assessment of composite mitochondrial haplotypes from Africanized honey bees, using 4 base recognizing restriction enzymes and COI-COII intergenic spacer length polymorphism, provided evidence for a more diverse mitochondrial heritage. Over 25% of the "African" mtDNA found in Africanized populations in Argentina are derived from non-A. m. scutellata sources.

scholarly journals Acceptance rate of Africanized honey bee larvae in hives maintained in the shade and under full sunlight in Northeast Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gonçalves Santos ◽  
Daiana Da Silva Sombra ◽  
Herica Girlane Tertulino Domingos ◽  
Lionel Segui Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Semiarid Climate

In the Semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, adverse environmental conditions such as high radiation and temperature affect the balance of homeostasis of the colonies of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). This research aimed to evaluate the rate of acceptance of Africanized honey bees larvae (Important stage of process of queen-rearing) in hives installed in the shade and under full sunlight in the semiarid climate of Northeastern Brazil. 10 colonies of honeybees (5 in the shade and 5 under full sunlight) were orphaned and prepared with young workers and food, having standardized biomass (equal population conditions) to receive frames containing 60-100 queen cell cups with larvae up to 24 hour-old. The acceptance percentage of transferred or grafted larvae to each colony was measured 72 hours after carrying out transfers and means were compared by the Student’s t-test at 5% probability. The colonies under shade conditions showed acceptance rate of 68.82 ± 17.03%, significantly higher (P = 0.0044) than the colonies subjected to direct sunlight with only 52.13 ± 16.29%. Thus, for the production of queens and royal jelly of Africanized honeybees in the semiarid climate of Northeast Brazil, it is strongly recommended the installation of apiaries in shady locations.Taxa de aceitação de larvas de abelhas africanizadas em colmeias mantidas em sombreamento e sob exposição solar direta no Nordeste BrasileiroNo Semiárido do Nordeste Brasileiro, as condições adversas do ambiente como alta radiação e temperatura afetam o equilíbrio da homeostase das colônias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.). Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a porcentagem de aceitação de larvas de abelhas africanizadas (etapa importante do processo de produção de rainha) em colmeias instaladas à sombra e sob radiação direta do sol na região semiárida do Nordeste Brasileiro. Para isso, 10 colônias (5 no sol e 5 na sombra) foram orfanadas e tiveram a biomassa padronizada para receber quadros portando de 60 a 100 cúpulas contendo larvas com até 24 horas de vida. O percentual de aceitação das larvas transferidas para cada colônia foi avaliado 72 horas após a realização das transferências e os dados foram comparadas pelo teste t-Student a 5% de probabilidade. As colônias sob condições de sombra apresentaram taxa de aceitação de 68,82 ± 17,03%, sendo significativamente maior (P = 0,0044) do que as colônias submetidas à radiação direta do sol, com apenas 52,13 ± 16,29%. Conclui-se que para a produção de rainhas e de geleia real de abelhas africanizadas no semiárido nordestino, torna-se extremamente recomendável a instalação de apiários em locais sombreados.

scholarly journals Frequently Asked Questions about the Africanized Honey Bee in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. O’Malley ◽  
James D. Ellis ◽  
Anita S. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
Answer Format

ENY-140, a 3-page fact sheet by M. K. O’Malley, J. D. Ellis, and A. S. Neal, provides information about Africanized honey bees (AHB) in a question-and-answer format. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, December 2007.  

scholarly journals Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3441-3448
Author(s):  
Gabriela Libardoni ◽  
◽  
Raiza Abati ◽  
Amanda Roberta Sampaio ◽  
Fernanda Caroline Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Africanized Honey Bee ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
The Impact

Africanized honey bee populations (Apis mellifera L.) have been decreasing mainly due to the intense use of synthetic insecticides associated with pollution and climate change. To minimize these impacts on the environment and bee populations, the use of biological control agents has been intensified. These products are generally safer for non-target insects, such as bees, which are important pollinating insects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on the longevity of the Africanized honey bee A. mellifera workers. Seven treatments were used: Heterorhabditis amazonensis, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema rarum, at a concentration of 40 infective juveniles per cm2 (IJs/cm²), and a control in which autoclaved distilled water was used. Two bioassays were performed: 1) spraying nematodes on the workers and 2) spraying nematodes on glass plates, in which the bees remained for two hours. Each treatment consisted of five replicates with 20 bees each. Bees were kept in cages of PVC (20 × 10 cm) covered with a voile fabric and provided pieces of cotton soaked in water and Candy paste. The cages were kept in a climatized room (27 ± 2 °C temperature, 60 ± 10% relative humidity, and 12 h photophase) and the mortality was evaluated from 12 to 240 hours. In bioassay 1, the three treatments with nematodes of the genus Steinernema reduced the longevity of the workers (103.9, 96.3, and 99.6 h) when compared to treatments with Heterorhabditis (149.7, 126.8, and 134.7 h), of which, only H. amazonensis (149.7 h) did not differ from the control (166.0 h). In bioassay 2, all treatments reduced the longevity of honey bees (155.4 to 93.9 h) in relation to the control (176.1 h). Entomopathogenic nematodes, especially Heterorhabditis, need to be tested using other methodologies and for different durations of exposure and application because in the laboratory, they were less selective to A. mellifera.

Multilevel assessment of grooming behavior against Varroa destructor in Italian and Africanized honey bees

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Invernizzi ◽  
Ignacio Zefferino ◽  
Estela Santos ◽  
Lucía Sánchez ◽  
Yamandú Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Grooming Behavior ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees

scholarly journals Thermoregulation in colonies of africanized and hybrids with Caucasian, Italian and Carniolan Apis mellifera honey bees

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo ◽  
Regina Helena Nogueira-Couto
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Africanized Honey Bees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Brood Nest

This experiment was carried out to study the internal temperature regulation of a colony of Africanized honey bees (AFR), compared with hybrid Caucasian (CAU), Italian (ITA), and Carniolan (CAR) bees, during the period of one year and different size hives located in a sub-tropical region. The instant internal temperature, 33.7 ± 1.5° C for the AFR, 33.5 ± 1.4° C for the CAU, 33.7 ± 1.5° C for the ITA and 33.8 ± 1.4° C for the CAR, did not show any significant difference (P>0.05). The maximum temperature (36.1 ± 2.3° C) was statistically different (P<0.05) from the minimum (27.6 ± 5.3° C). There was no difference (P>0.05) in the mean internal temperature, between the nucleus (31.7 ± 6.3° C) and the brood nest (32.1 ± 5.3° C) measured between two and four o'clock in the afternoon.

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