scholarly journals Bee diversity responses to forest and open areas in heterogeneous Atlantic Forest

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Silva Nery ◽  
Juliana Toshie Takata ◽  
Bruna Bertagni De Camargo ◽  
Aryane Moreno Chaves ◽  
Patrícia Alves Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Understory ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Bee Diversity ◽  
Tropical Landscapes ◽  
Bee Communities

Agriculture driven landscape changes has caused worldwide forest loss and fragmentation, seriously affecting biodiversity and ecosystem services, amongst which pollination is remarkably important. Bees are an essential pollinator group for forest plant populations and food production in tropical landscapes. They are also dependent on forested environments which are essential to maintain their diversity and pollination services. We analyzed bee diversity in contrasting forest and adjacent non-forest patches to evaluate if bees can use complementary non-native environments in heterogeneous altered tropical landscapes. The effect of landscape level heterogeneity and forest amount on bee diversity was also assessed. Our hypothesis was that bee communities would be more rich and diverse inside the forest understory, but due to supplementary foraging behaviors they would be more abundant in non-forested areas where flower availability is higher. We actively sampled bees visiting flowers within forest patches and in surrounding non-forest open areas between the Cantareira and Mantiqueira mountain ranges in São Paulo, Brazil. We found higher bee richness and diversity in open areas than in forest patches, partially denying our initial hypothesis but supporting that bees are more abundant in non-forest areas. We found strong indication that landscapes with higher amount of forest and environmental heterogeneity can provide more resources for bees through resource complementation processes, maintaining their diversity in the landscape. The presence of forest patches close to crop and open areas is of utmost importance for the conservation of bees and pollination services with important consequences for land management in tropical environments.

scholarly journals Complex landscapes partially mitigate negative pesticide effects on tropical pollinator communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Obregon ◽  
Olger R. Guerrero ◽  
Elena Stashenko ◽  
Katja Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
List Type ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollinator Decline ◽  
Bee Diversity ◽  
Bee Communities

AbstractLand-use change and pesticides have been identified as two of the main causes behind pollinator decline. Understanding how these factors affect crop pollinator communities is crucial to inform practices that generate optimal pollination and ensure sustainable food production. In this study, we investigated the effects of landscape composition and pesticide residues on bee communities and their pollination services in Solanum quitoense “lulo” crops in Colombia. On 10 farms, located along a gradient of landscape complexity that varied from 0.15 to 0.62 in their natural habitat proportion, we characterized the bee community visiting the crop, and carried out pollination experiments with bagged and open inflorescences to later estimate fruit set, weight, and diameter at every site. Additionally, we performed pesticide analysis on collected anthers through liquid chromatography to estimate pesticide risk coming from the crop fields using hazard quotients (HQ). Bee abundance and species richness decreased with increased HQ, but these negative pesticide effects were less detrimental in farms with higher natural habitat proportions. However, this buffer effect was lost at sites with very high HQs. Imidacloprid was frequently found in the anthers and there were extremely high concentrations in some farms (0.6 to 13063 μg/kg), representing the molecule of greater risk for bees in this context. Pollinator’s importance to crop yield was demonstrated in the exclusion experiments, where we found a reduction in fruit set (51%), weight (39%), and diameter (25%). We found a significant effect of bee richness on fruit set, while landscape composition and HQ had no significant effect on fruit set, suggesting that the last two factors do not affect yield directly, but indirectly through a decrease in pollinator diversity. Our results provide novel evidence that the natural habitat loss due to the expansion of pastures for cattle ranching and pesticide residues in anthers reduce bee diversity and abundance in this Andean cropping system, but strategies to protect and restore natural habitat can help to buffer, until certain levels, these negative effects.Highlights- We explored how landscape composition and pesticide residues impact bee communities and pollination services in Solanum quitoense crops.- As the proportion of natural habitat in the landscape increased, bee richness also increased. While as pesticide hazard quotients in S. quitoense anthers increased, bee diversity and abundance decreased.- The natural habitat surrounding farms mitigates the negative pesticide effects on bees when hazard quotients are low/medium, but not when they are high.- S. quitoense crops are highly dependent on bees for optimum yield.

scholarly journals Improving Habitat Quality at the Local and Landscape Scales Increases Wild Bee Assemblages and Associated Pollination Services in Apple Orchards in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panlong Wu ◽  
Piaopiao Dai ◽  
Meina Wang ◽  
Sijie Feng ◽  
Aruhan Olhnuud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bee Diversity ◽  
Landscape Scales

Bees provide key pollination services for a wide range of crops. Accumulating evidence shows the effect of semi-natural habitats at the landscape level and local management practices on bee diversity in fields. However, most of the evidence is derived from studies in North America and Europe. Whether this paradigm is applicable in China, which is characterized by smallholder-dominated agricultural landscapes, has rarely been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate how bee diversity affected apple production, and how landscape and local variables affected bee diversity and species composition on the Northern China Plain. The results showed that bees significantly increased apple fruit set compared to bagged controls. Wild bee diversity was positively related to apple seed numbers. Higher seed numbers reduced the proportion of deformed apples and thus increased fruit quality. Wild bee abundance was positively correlated with flowering ground cover, and both the abundance and species richness of wild bees were positively affected by the percentage of semi-natural habitats. We conclude that apple quality can benefit from ecological intensification comprising the augmentation of wild bees by semi-natural habitats and flowering ground cover. Future pollination management should therefore reduce the intensification level of management at both the local and landscape scales.

scholarly journals Pollination services for apple are dependent on diverse wild bee communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor J. Blitzer ◽  
Jason Gibbs ◽  
Mia G. Park ◽  
Bryan N. Danforth
Keyword(s):  
Pollination Services ◽  
Wild Bee ◽  
Bee Communities

Forest Patches in Tropical Landscapes.

Ecology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Julie Sloan Denslow ◽  
John Schelhas ◽  
Russell Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Forest Patches ◽  
Tropical Landscapes

scholarly journals Delivery of crop pollination services is an insufficient argument for wild pollinator conservation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kleijn ◽  
Rachael Winfree ◽  
Ignasi Bartomeus ◽  
Luísa G Carvalheiro ◽  
Mickaël Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Crop Pollination ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Bee Communities

Abstract There is compelling evidence that more diverse ecosystems deliver greater benefits to people, and these ecosystem services have become a key argument for biodiversity conservation. However, it is unclear how much biodiversity is needed to deliver ecosystem services in a cost-effective way. Here we show that, while the contribution of wild bees to crop production is significant, service delivery is restricted to a limited subset of all known bee species. Across crops, years and biogeographical regions, crop-visiting wild bee communities are dominated by a small number of common species, and threatened species are rarely observed on crops. Dominant crop pollinators persist under agricultural expansion and many are easily enhanced by simple conservation measures, suggesting that cost-effective management strategies to promote crop pollination should target a different set of species than management strategies to promote threatened bees. Conserving the biological diversity of bees therefore requires more than just ecosystem-service-based arguments.

scholarly journals Retraction Note: Patterns of bee diversity in mosaic agricultural landscapes of central Uganda: implication of pollination services conservation for food security

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
M. B. Théodore Munyuli ◽  
Philip Nyeko ◽  
Simon Potts ◽  
Phil Atkinson ◽  
Derek Pomeroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Bee Diversity

scholarly journals Effect of land use, habitat suitability, and hurricanes on the population connectivity of an endemic insular bat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo A. Calderón-Acevedo ◽  
Armando Rodríguez-Durán ◽  
J. Angel Soto-Centeno
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Forested Areas

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are a leading cause of vertebrate population declines and extinction. Urbanization and natural disasters disrupt landscape connectivity, effectively isolating populations and increasing the risk of local extirpation particularly in island systems. Puerto Rico, one of the most isolated islands in the Caribbean, is home to 13 bat species that have been differentially affected by disturbance during the Anthropocene. We used circuit theory to model the landscape connectivity within Puerto Rico with the goal of understanding how fragmentation affects corridors among forested areas. Models combined species occurrences, land use, habitat suitability, and vegetation cover data to examine connectivity in the endemic bat Stenoderma rufum, and also at the bat community level across the island. Urbanization in Puerto Rico affected bat connectivity overall from east to west and underscored protected and rustic areas for the maintenance of forest corridors. Suitable habitat provided a reliable measure of connectivity among potential movement corridors that connected more isolated areas. We found that intense hurricanes can disrupt forest integrity and affect connectivity of suitable habitat. Some of the largest protected areas in the east of Puerto Rico are at an increasing risk of becoming disconnected from more continuous forest patches. The disruption of corridors that maintain connectivity on the island could explain previous findings of the slow post-hurricane population recovery of S. rufum. Given the increasing rate of urbanization, this pattern could also apply to other vertebrates not analyzed in this study. Our findings show the importance of maintaining forest integrity, emphasizing the considerable conservation value of rustic areas for the preservation of local biodiversity.

scholarly journals Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1060 ◽  
pp. 125-153
Author(s):  
Arielson S. Protázio ◽  
Airan S. Protázio ◽  
Larissa S. Silva ◽  
Lennise C. Conceição ◽  
Hugo S. N. Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
New Record ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Interior Forest

A list of amphibian and reptile species that occur in open and forested areas of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, in the Recôncavo Baiano, eastern Brazil is presented. Field sampling occurred between January 2015 to March 2019, totalling 117 samples distributed in three areas: Parque Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha, Mata da Cascalheira, and Riacho do Machado. A total of 1,848 individuals of 69 species (31 anurans, 14 lizards, 19 snakes, two amphisbaenians, and three testudines) was recorded. Additionally, one individual of Ophiodes striatus was found in Mata da Cascalheira after the end of sampling, totalling 15 lizard species and 70 herpetofaunal species. The prevalence of open-area species and the presence of Phyllopezus lutzae, Diploglossus lessonae, and Dryadosaura nordestina in interior forest patches are discussed. Additionally, a new record of the invasive terrapin Trachemys dorbigni in the State of Bahia is reported.

scholarly journals OBJECT-BASED COREGISTRATION OF TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND ALS POINT CLOUDS IN FORESTED AREAS

2016 ◽  
Vol III-3 ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
P. Polewski ◽  
A. Erickson ◽  
W. Yao ◽  
N. Coops ◽  
P. Krzystek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Maximum Matching ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Matching Techniques

Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and terrestrial photogrammetry are methods applicable for mapping forested environments. While ground-based techniques provide valuable information about the forest understory, the measured point clouds are normally expressed in a local coordinate system, whose transformation into a georeferenced system requires additional effort. In contrast, ALS point clouds are usually georeferenced, yet the point density near the ground may be poor under dense overstory conditions. In this work, we propose to combine the strengths of the two data sources by co-registering the respective point clouds, thus enriching the georeferenced ALS point cloud with detailed understory information in a fully automatic manner. Due to markedly different sensor characteristics, coregistration methods which expect a high geometric similarity between keypoints are not suitable in this setting. Instead, our method focuses on the object (tree stem) level. We first calculate approximate stem positions in the terrestrial and ALS point clouds and construct, for each stem, a descriptor which quantifies the 2D and vertical distances to other stem centers (at ground height). Then, the similarities between all descriptor pairs from the two point clouds are calculated, and standard graph maximum matching techniques are employed to compute corresponding stem pairs (tiepoints). Finally, the tiepoint subset yielding the optimal rigid transformation between the terrestrial and ALS coordinate systems is determined. We test our method on simulated tree positions and a plot situated in the northern interior of the Coast Range in western Oregon, USA, using ALS data (76&thinsp;x&thinsp;121&thinsp;m<sup>2</sup>) and a photogrammetric point cloud (33&thinsp;x&thinsp;35&thinsp;m<sup>2</sup>) derived from terrestrial photographs taken with a handheld camera. Results on both simulated and real data show that the proposed stem descriptors are discriminative enough to derive good correspondences. Specifically, for the real plot data, 24 corresponding stems were coregistered with an average 2D position deviation of 66&thinsp;cm.

scholarly journals Forest Patches in Tropical Landscapes

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Caicco
Keyword(s):  
Forest Patches ◽  
Tropical Landscapes
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