scholarly journals Effective control of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake to plant parasitic nematodes and fungi in black pepper diseases in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Duc Hieu Duong ◽  
Xuan Quang Ngo ◽  
Dang Giap Do ◽  
Thi Anh Hong Le ◽  
Vu Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Neem cake is a product of the cold pressing from the neem kernels to obtain neem oil. Bio-active substances from neem cake extracted solutions were evaluated for their potential to control the root knot nematodes and other pests of plants. In this study different concentrations of the solution extracted from neem cake was tested against the second stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp. and four phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytopthora capsici. Toxicity of neem cake extractions is represented by the EC50 value for the second-stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and the four phytopathogenic fungi via Probit analysis. A 5% dilution of the solvent extracting from neem cake already caused 100% larval mortality after 24 hours exposure. Undiluted neem cake extraction effectively inhibited the growth of the four phytopathogenic fungi. The EC50 value of neem cake on J2-larvae of Meloidogyne nematode and on the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici was 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 and 4.33%, respectively. Bánh dầu neem là sản phẩm của quá trình ép nhân hạt neem để lấy dầu. Các hoạt chất sinh học từ dịch chiết bánh dầu neem đã được đánh giá có tiềm năng lớn trong phòng trừ tuyến trùng nốt sưng và các loài dịch hại khác của nhiều loại cây trồng. Trong nghiên cứu này các nồng độ dịch chiết khác nhau của bánh dầu neem đã được thử nghiệm khả năng diệt tuyến trùng (ấu trùng tuổi 2 thuộc giống Meloidogyne spp.) và ức chế 4 loài nấm bệnh như: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. và Phytopthora capsici. Độc tính của dịch chiết bánh dầu neem được biểu diễn bởi giá trị EC50 đối với ấu trùng tuổi 2 của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne spp. và các loài nấm bệnh thông qua phân tích Probit. Dịch chiết bánh dầu neem ở nồng độ 5% đã làm chết 100% cá thể IJ2 của Meloidogyne spp sau 24 giờ phơi nhiễm. Dịch nguyên chất bánh dầu neem ức chế cả 4 loài nấm bệnh. Giá trị EC50 của bánh dầu neem lên ấu trùng tuổi 2 của Meloidogyne spp và các loài nấm bệnh Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici tương ứng là 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 và 4.33%.

scholarly journals Activity of Alkanediol Alkanoates against Pathogenic Plant Fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraj Shukla ◽  
Suresh Walia ◽  
Vivek Ahluwalia ◽  
Balraj S. Parmar ◽  
Muraleedharan G. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Acyl Chlorides ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thirty known dialkanoates of ethylene, propylene and diethylene glycols were synthesized by reacting the glycols with acyl chlorides and their structures confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectral analyses. They exhibited significant antifungal activity against two phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc in a dose dependent manner. Propylene glycol dipentanoate was the most active against R. solani. followed by diethylene glycol dibutanoate and ethylene glycol dibutanoate. Against S. rolfsii ethylene glycol diheptanoate was found to be most active followed by diethylene glycol diisobutanoate As compared to the standard reference benomyl (EC50 5.16 μg/mL), the potential alkanediol dialkanoates showed EC50 in the range of 33 – 60 μg/mL.

Role of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities produced by a fluorescent pseudomonad and in vitro inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar Arora ◽  
Min Jeong Kim ◽  
Sun Chul Kang ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase of an antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonas in growth suppression of phytopathogenic fungi, Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani . Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates GRC3 and GRC4 were screened for their antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi by using dual culture technique both on solid and liquid media. The percent inhibition was calculated. Various parameters were monitored for optimization of enzyme activities by fluorescent Pseudomonas GRC3. The involvement of chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, and antifungal metabolites of nonenzymatic nature was correlated with the inhibition of P. capsici and R. solani. The results provide evidence for antibiosis as a mechanism for antagonism. The study also confirms that multiple mechanisms are involved in suppressing phytopathogens as evidenced by the involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in inhibition of R. solani but not P. capsici by isolate GRC3.

Antifungal activity of nano emulsions of neem and citronella oils against phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Osman Mohamed Ali ◽  
Najam Akhtar Shakil ◽  
Virendra Singh Rana ◽  
Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar ◽  
Sujan Majumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi

Plant parasitic nematodes associated with plantain (Musa spp., AAB-group) in southern Nigeria and their relative importance compared to other biotic constraints

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Omolara Rotimi ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Paul R. Speijer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractThe predominant nematode species found on plantain in southern Nigeria was Helicotylenchus multicinctus which occurred at all 68 sites sampled. Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus similis were found at 64, 50 and 46% of the sites, respectively, while Meloidogyne spp. second stage juveniles were found at 68% of the sites. Other nematode species occurred at less than 5% of the sites and included Helicotylenchus dihystera, P. zeae, P. brachyurus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scutellonema and Criconemoides spp. H. multicinctus and P.coffeae occurred at high densities (on average about 10 500 and 3500 nematodes/100 g fresh root weight, respectively), compared to the other species. P.coffeae was more common in the west and mid-west of southern Nigeria, while R. similis was more common in the east. Factors, derived from a principal component analysis of observations of damage caused by nematodes, the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus and the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the cause of Black Sigatoka, were related to plant growth observations. The results suggest that P.coffeae followed by R. similis are the major biotic constraints of plantain production in southern Nigeria. Higher losses are anticipated by these plant parasitic nematodes than by either M. fijienis or C. sordidus.

scholarly journals ​Evaluation of Bio-control Agents and Organic Amendments for Managing Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Shivran ◽  
R.P. Ghasolia ◽  
Tejpal Bajaya
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Castor Cake

Background: Root rot of clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important menace and causes significant economic losses in India and chemical pesticides are mostly used to overcome this problem. As per environment and health issues and demand of organic produce, the current study aimed to find the most effective control measure of this dreaded disease through eco-friendly approaches. Methods: The present field-laboratory investigations were conducted during 2018, to evaluate four bio-agents in vitro and in vivo (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and five organic amendments in vivo namely wool waste (@ 50 q/ ha), human hair (@ 50 q/ ha), mustard cake (@ 5 q/ ha), castor cake (@ 6 q/ ha) and neem cake (@ 5 q/ ha) were evaluated. Result: Our investigations in vitro with bio-agents depicted that T. harzianum was highly inhibitory (62.65 %) followed by T. viride (48.52%). Seed-cum-soil application (6g/kg seed + 6kg/ha) of T. harzianum was found most superior in reducing disease incidence (74.03%) followed by Trichoderma viride (69.83%) while in organic amendments, neem cake (5 q/ha) was found highly effective (70.07%) followed by castor cake (64.40%), mustard cake, wool waste and least effective was human hair. Though, wool waste and human hair least effective in disease management but preliminarily results indicated encouraging response with dual action, one in reducing disease and another in increasing plant biomass that open the future scope of further more sustainable experimentations. The findings of this study can be utilized to manage the disease effectively and eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Pasqua Veronico ◽  
Maria Teresa Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulants ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%–25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies. In the last few decades, there has been an explosion of information about the use of seaweeds as plant growth stimulants and potential nematicides. Novel bioactive compounds have been isolated from marine cyanobacteria and sponges in an effort to find their application outside marine ecosystems and in the discovery of new drugs. Their potential as antihelmintics could also be exploited to find applicability against plant parasitic nematodes. The present review focuses on the activity of marine organisms on RKNs and their potential application as safe nematicidal agents.

Purification and characterization of an exochitinase from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and its action against phytopathogenic fungi

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Morales de la Vega ◽  
J Eleazar Barboza-Corona ◽  
Maria G Aguilar-Uscanga ◽  
Mario Ramírez-Lepe
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Fusarium Sp

A chitinolytic enzyme from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai has been purified and its molecular mass was estimated ca. 66 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). The enzyme was able to hydrolyze chitin to chitobiosides but not carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, pullulan, and laminarin. Optimal pH and temperature were detected at 6 and 50 °C, respectively. Stability, in the absence of substrate, was observed at temperatures less than 60 °C and pH between 5 and 8. Enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by K+ and EDTA and completely inhibited by Hg2+. Purified chitinase showed lytic activity against cell walls from six phytopathogenic fungi and inhibited the mycelial growth of both Fusarium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii. The biocontrol efficacy of the enzyme was tested in the protection of bean seeds infested with six phytopathogenic fungi.Key words: chitinase, Bacillus thuringiensis, purification, phytopathogenic fungi.

Thermal treatment of carrot and red beet seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Л.М. Соколова ◽  
А.В. Янченко ◽  
А.Ю. Федосов ◽  
М.И. Азопков ◽  
В.С. Голубович
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Морковь и свекла столовая – одни из самых распространенных в овощеводстве корнеплодных культур. Важный признак семян высокого качества – отсутствие болезней, передаваемых через семена. Эффективный контроль болезней растений имеет решающее значение для надежного производства овощей и потенциально может привести к значительной экономии использования воды, земли, топлива и других ресурсов в сельском хозяйстве. Присутствие в семенах патогенов, передающихся через семена, либо препятствует прорастанию, либо может привести к эпифитотиям из-за передачи возбудителя болезни от семени к растению. За последние годы отмечено увеличение числа заболеваний, вызванных фитопатогенными грибами, бактериями и вирусами. В зависимости от погодных условий и фитосанитарного состояния посевов, распространенность болезней может достигать 70-80% от всей популяции растений, а урожайность снижаться в ряде случаев на 80-98%. Цель исследований – выявить инфицированность и родовую принадлежность патокомплекса грибных болезней на семенах моркови и свеклы столовой, а также подобрать оптимальный режим обработки семян. Термическая обработка семян представляет собой жизнеспособную альтернативу химической обработке для уничтожения патогенов. Задача термической обработки – найти наилучшее сочетание продолжительности экспозиции и температуры, которое обеспечивает максимальную гибель патогенов при минимальном разрушающем воздействии на семена. Основное предположение, оправдывающее термическую обработку, заключается в том, что патоген-мишень более чувствителен к высокотемпературному стрессу, чем семена. Целевыми патогенными микроорганизмами являются в основном грибы, вирусы и бактерии, находящиеся на поверхности и внутри семян. В настоящей статье отображено влияние термической обработки семян столовой свеклы и моркови на всхожесть и их зараженность патогенами. Показана высокая эффективность термической обработки семян столовой свеклы и моркови против Alternaria. Дана визуальная оценка эффективности термической обработки на питательной среде Чапека. One of the most common root vegetables in vegetable growing are carrots and beets. One of the important signs of qualitative changes is the absence of diseases transmitted through seeds. Effective control of plant diseases is crucial for the reliable production of vegetables and can potentially lead to a significant reduction in the use of water, land, fuel and other resources in agriculture. The presence of pathogens transmitted through seeds in seeds either prevents germination, or can lead to epiphytotics of diseases due to the transmission of the pathogen from the seed to the plant. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. Depending on the weather conditions and the phytosanitary condition of crops, the prevalence of diseases can reach 70-80% of the entire plant population, and the yield can decrease in some cases by 80-98%. The purpose of the research is to identify the infection and generic affiliation of the pathocomplex of fungal diseases on carrot and beet seeds, as well as to choose the optimal seed treatment regime. Heat treatment of seeds is a viable alternative to chemical treatment for the destruction of pathogens. The task of heat treatment is to find the best combination of time and temperature that maximizes the reduction in the survival of pathogens with minimal destructive effects on seeds. The main assumption justifying heat treatment is more sensitive to high-temperature stress than seeds. The target pathogenic microorganisms are mainly fungi, viruses and bacteria located on the surface and inside the seeds. This article shows the effect of heat treatment of table beet and carrot seeds on germination and their infection with pathogens. The high efficiency of heat treatment of table beet and carrot seeds against Alternariais shown. A visual assessment of the effectiveness of heat treatment on the Czapek nutrient medium was carried out.

Combinatorial Synthesis of Novel 1-Sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol Derivatives as Fungicidal Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genqiang Chen ◽  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Jiaxuan He ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Yuanhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Skeleton ◽  
Acyloxy Group

Background: Developing the high-efficiency and low-risk small-molecule green-fungicide is the key to effective control of the plant pathogenic oomycetes. Essential oils play a very important role in novel fungicide discovery for their unique sources and potential target sites. Eugenol, a kind of plant essential oil, was mainly isolated from the unopened and dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum of the Myrtaceae family. Due to its unique structural skeleton, eugenol and its derivatives have exhibited a wide range of biological activities. However, study on the synthesis of novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives as fungicidal agents against Phytophthora capsici has not yet been reported. Methods: Twenty-six novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives (3a-p and 5a-j) were prepared and their structures were well characterized by 1H NMR, HRMS, and m.p.. Their fungicidal activity was evaluated against P. capsici by using the mycelial growth rate method. Results: To find novel natural-product-based fungicidal agents to control the plant pathogenic oomycetes, we herein designed and synthesized two series of novel 1-sulfonyloxy/acyloxyeugenol derivatives (3a-p and 5a-j) as fungicidal agents against P. capsici Leonian, in vitro. Results of fungicidal activity revealed that, among all compounds, especially compounds 3a, 3f, and 3n displayed the most potent anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC50 values of 79.05, 75.05, and 70.80, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that the anti-oomycete activity of eugenol with the sulfonyloxy group was higher than that with the acyloxy group. It is suggested that the fungicidal activity of eugenol can be improved by introducing the sulfonyloxy group. This will pave the way for further design, structural modification, and to develop eugenol derivatives as fungicidal agents.

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