The Problem of Scientific Method in the Classic Natural Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method

Hobbes's Doctrine of Method

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1336-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
New Science ◽  
New Rhetoric ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Modern Natural Science ◽  
Human Problem

A persistent problem in the interpretation of Hobbes's self-proclaimed founding of modern political science is the nature of the link between that political science and Hobbes's understanding of modern natural science and scientific method. The intention of this essay is to suggest that Hobbes's doctrine of method reveals the unity of his teaching about science, man, and politics. The unifying role of the doctrine of method can be understood only as a function of Hobbes's intention to reform what he saw as the previously defective relationship between practice and theory. In the light of this intention, the doctrine of method will be shown to consist in a new rhetoric which links the resolution of the human problem to the conquest of nature facilitated by the new science of nature. This rhetoric will be shown to be the substantial core of the doctrine of method itself.

Science, Tradition, and the Science of Tradition

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-173
Author(s):  
Joseph Mali
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Religious Controversy ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
Modes Of Thought

The ArgumentScience consists in progress by innovation. Scientists, however, are committed to all kinds of traditions that persist or recur in society regardless of intellectual and institutional changes. Merton's thesis about the origins of the scientific revolution in seventeenth-century England offers a sociohistorical confirmation of this revisionist view: the emergence of a highly rational scientific method out of the religious-ethical sentiments of the English Puritans implies that scientific knowledge does indeed grow out of – and not really against – customary modes of thought.In tracing the intellectual origins of this view back to the religious controversy between Protestants and Catholics, the essay demonstrates that the essential conflict between them with regard to natural science stemmed from their antagonistic conceptions of tradition and its function in the production of genuine knowledge – of religious as well as of natural affairs. Whereas the Protestants believed only in those truths that are immediately revealed by God to each man through his reason, the Catholics adhered to truths that are related to men or “made” by them through culture and history.

The Science of Poetry: Poetic Process as Evolution in Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante”

Slavic Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-493
Author(s):  
Alexander Spektor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Complex Theory ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates the relationship between the humanities and science by focusing on Osip Mandel'shtam's “Conversation about Dante.” Noting the importance of natural science for Mandel'shtam's treatise, I argue that Mandel'shtam makes use of the methods of the natural sciences in developing a complex theory of the poetic process. He encounters the scientific method of analysis in his reading of the natural scientists, written about in his travelogue “Journey to Armenia,” as well as various shorter pieces accompanying it. Mandel'shtam begins with a proposition of isomorphism between poetry and nature. Ultimately, I argue that the scientific method allows Mandel'shtam to theorize the poetic process as a dialogue between author and reader in which cultural kinship between its participants is established as a break within their individuality and a recognition of the authority of the “poetic impulse” or “instinct.” In turn, envisioning the poetic process as a dialogue that paradoxically suspends and transcends the individuality of its participants allows Mandel'shtam simultaneously to insist on the necessity of submission to the authority of the poetic message and to endow poetry with political autonomy.

Biological Deism

Philosophy ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Joseph Needham
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Philosophical Importance

Thosewho still interest themselves in problems connected with God, Freedom, and Immortality are not accustomed to look to natural science for any light on these dark places. It is usually admitted that the scientific method operates with basic assumptions which are far from binding on philosophers, and which indeed have no very satisfactory metaphysical authority. In spite of a few protests by philosophers, scientific thinkers have on the whole felt entitled to neglect the philosophical consequences of their theories, and have gone ahead in the investigation of nature by accepting only such hypotheses as explained the maximum number of known facts, irrespective of their possible results on other fields of work. When a strictly scientific theory is invested with philosophical importance, some form of materialism, however well disguised, usually results.

The Scientific World-Outlook

Philosophy ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 22 (83) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
F. Sherwood Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Physical World ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
The Law

The scientific world-outlook is something quite different from natural science. The word “science” in its legitimate modern usage represents both a kind of knowledge and the method of obtaining that knowledge. By “science” we may mean an objective body of facts and relationships concerning the physical world and arrived at by the scientific method of observation and reasoning—preferably quantitative observation and mathematical reasoning: thus we may say that the law of constant proportions is a part of the science of chemistry. But we may also use the word science to denote that scientific method which I have just mentioned: thus I may say that science is the key to the investigation of nature—or that some inaccurate or biased piece of work is unscientific. Science, in either of these senses, does not contain any world-outlook, for it is quite impersonal. Thus science in the first sense consists of certain statements and relationships e.g.—that sulphur is yellow, that Jupiter has eight satellites, that all solutions of acids in water conduct electricity; while the scientific method indicates the manner in which from the data of our sense-impressions we can infer statements and conclusions, such as the above, which will be found to represent the phenomena correctly. But a scientific world-outlook means something different, because it is a world-outlook, the attitude of a man or woman towards the whole of that of which he or she is conscious.

scholarly journals Technology of an Unfree World. I. Primary Code

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Hauke RITZ
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
New World ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Scientific Image ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Universe

The actual technological revolution challenges our ideas about civilization to a much larger extent than all previous technological breakthroughs. Does it not lead us into a new world where there is no place for human freedom, and what has made possible such a trajectory of technological progress? To answer the latter question, it is necessary to analyze the logic of natural science development as well as the currently dominant scientific image of the universe. In the first part of his research, the author focuses on the premises of the scientific method, on the basic assumptions about the nature of our reality, which precede any scientific research and unconsciously structure the perception of reality.

scholarly journals Theological and Epistemological Principles of Ancient Natural Science

2020 ◽  
pp. 1317-1337
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Koptseva ◽  
Ksenia V. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
Universal Standard

The article discusses methodology of ancient natural science based on the analysis of the fragment 29cd from Plato’s “Timaeus” and Comments on this fragment, which were written by Proclus Dyadochus. Particular focus is on the Plato’s views on science as “plausible myth”, “probable narration”, εἰκότα μῦθον. The authors also consider the concept of διάνοια, “dianoetic virtue” in the “Nicomachean Ethics” by Aristotle and Aquinas’ Comments on fragments of the“Nicomachean Ethics” where “dianoetic virtues” are examined. Scientific and medical treatises of the great ancient physician Claudius Galen are defined in this article as universal standard of scientific knowledge. The second chapter of the Galen’s Treatise “Περι των Іπποκράτογς και Πλατωνος δογματων” is seen in more detail so that the main constituents of the Galen’s scientific method get a full coverage

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