Community Groups in Context

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Voluntary Organisations

Whilst there is a growing body of literature on formal voluntary organisations, relatively little research has been undertaken into the roles and functioning of small, informal, below the radar community groups and actions. ‘Community groups in context: Local activities and actions’ brings together a decade of research with informal community groups and small scale civil society organisations. It explores the wealth and diversity of their forms and activities, their fragility, strategies for survival and their position in relation to a range of public policy objectives. In particular the book examines under-researched aspects of small scale community action: from voluntary arts through to Gypsy, Traveller and Roma groups through to how people learn through to how activists learn, the emotional investment in community action and the voice of below the radar groups in local and national policy contexts.

Community as policy: reflections on community engagement, empowerment and social action in a changing policy context

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Community Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Policy Environments ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Policy Agendas

This chapter explores the debates about 'below the radar' (BTR) community groups and their assumed role in delivering a range of policy agendas from democratic renewal through to community cohesion and public service delivery. It argues that the motivators for community action are, and have been, ill understood in policy circles. Further, there is and has been little systematic analysis of the power relationship between the state (both locally and nationally) communities and neighbourhoods which can inform meaningful debate on devolution and localism. The chapter critically examines the implications of changing policy environments for small community groups and asks can such activity, which has often been independent of, and operated outside the state, be co-opted to deliver particular government policy objectives?

scholarly journals Are we different? Claims for distinctiveness in voluntary and community action

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Charity Commission ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Voluntary Organisations

Below the radar’ has become a short-hand term for small community groups who are either not registered with the Charity Commission or other regulatory bodies and/or lack a regular, substantial annual income. Much of the existing research into the third sector has focused on formal, larger, organisations leaving gaps in the knowledge base around the nature and function of small groups and more informal activities which happen at a community level. This chapter critically examines the claims that small community groups are distinctive and differ from formal voluntary organisations in terms of the ways they work, their activities and goals.

scholarly journals The voice of Mexican small-scale fishers in times of COVID-19: impacts, responses, and digital divide

Marine Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 104606
Author(s):  
Ines Lopez-Ercilla ◽  
Maria Jose Espinosa-Romero ◽  
Francisco J. Fernandez Rivera-Melo ◽  
Stuart Fulton ◽  
Rebeca Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Voice

scholarly journals COVID-19 opens a window of reflection for comparative health systems and global health research

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 190-208
Author(s):  
Tuba İ. Ağartan
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Opportunities For Learning ◽  
National Information ◽  
The Voice ◽  
North And South ◽  
Health Field

AbstractThe Covid-19 crisis that led to the loss of thousands of lives and initiated one of the most complex social and economic upheavals has also a created a window of reflection for health systems researchers to revisit our major concepts, frameworks, and underlying assumptions. This commentary reviews two literatures that remain rather separate: comparative health policy and global health. First, I examine whether convergence in circumstances brought about by the spread of Covid-19 creates opportunities for learning “about” as well as unpacking the motivations of policy actors and how they use the cross-national information. However, given the emphasis on national policy actors and processes, this literature may overlook the importance of global actors, institutions and ideas. Second, global health differentiates itself with an emphasis on multilateralism as a political positioning and its multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approach. However, the global health field is also challenged to consider its mission, political standing on multilateralism, changing relationships between North and South and its commitment to multidisciplinary approach. I argue that health systems scholars should use the window of opportunity created by Covid-19 pandemic to reexamine their methodologies and rearticulate their positioning by acknowledging the voice and agency of the Global South.

Projects Improving QoS of the Voice Real-Time Data Based on IP Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 2471-2474
Author(s):  
Jin Hua Liang ◽  
Xuan Zen
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Integrated Services ◽  
Differentiated Services ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
The Voice

The reasons influencing the VoIP QoS include transmission delay, jitter and data packet drop. The main measures improving the VoIP QoS are the integrated services and the differentiated services. But the integrated service is only suitable for the small-scale network, and the differentiated services can’t guarantee QoS from the source end to the destination end for every IP data stream alone. The paper sets forth a kind of mixed model combining integrated Services with differentiated Services to support the VoIP QoS on the bases analysis of their defects.

Structure of cliff vegetation on exposed cliffs and the effect of rock climbing

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Nuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cover ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rock Fracturing ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
Lichen Cover ◽  
Cliff Vegetation ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
The Impact

Vegetational structure of exposed dolomitic cliffs in the driftless region of northwest Illinois was quantified from 186 quadrats on five cliffs. All cliffs were sparsely vegetated, with a total of 41 species (14 lichen and 27 vascular) recorded in the upper 6 m. On all cliffs, cover averaged 16.03%, with lichen contributing 10.23% cover and vascular vegetation 5.80% cover. Seventy percent of all vegetation grew within 3 m of the cliff top. Linear regression indicated that both cover and density of vascular, but not lichen, flora increased with increased fracturing and decreased with distance from the cliff top. TWINSPAN arranged the quadrats into five groups that differed in lichen and vascular cover and a sixth group that consisted of bare rock. Spatial distribution of the community groups occurred at a small scale, influenced by small scale differences in rock fracturing, slope, weathering, and likely moisture availability. Climbing significantly reduced lichen cover and lichen species density by 50%, from 13.7% cover and 2.4 species/0.25 m2 on unclimbed cliffs, to 6.7% cover and 1.2 species/0.25 m2 on climbed cliffs. Climbing did not have an apparent effect on vascular vegetation, which ranged from 2.74 to 10.62% cover on individual cliffs. Total plant cover averaged 19.7% on three unclimbed cliffs and 12.3% on two climbed cliffs, because of the impact on lichen cover. Although climbed cliffs had lower lichen cover, distribution of TWINSPAN-defined community groups was similar on both climbed and unclimbed cliffs, indicating that environmental and physical variables were the primary determinants of cliff flora on these vertical exposed cliffs. Keywords: cliff, vegetation, lichen, rock climbing, rock fractures.

Part I Rationales for State Aid Rules, 3 Evolution of State Aid Rules: Conceptions, Challenges, and Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kreuschitz Viktor ◽  
Nehl Hanns Peter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The State ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The One ◽  
Supranational Level

This chapter looks at the evolution of the legal framework for State aid during the past six decades of economic integration and addresses State aid rules in the context of balancing national policy objectives with the necessity to review aids at a supranational level. A dual trend emerges from the evolution of State aid rules over the last sixty years. On the one hand, the Court of Justice has played a key role in establishing new principles and designing rules governing State aid. In parallel, the Commission also acts as a rule-maker, by introducing relevant soft law and regulatory texts. In this context, the adoption of the Procedural Regulation in 1999 can be regarded as a turning point in the codification and development of State aid rules. The development of State aid is, however, not completed, as reflected in the last reforms of the State Aid Action Plan and the State Aid Modernization initiative.

scholarly journals User and carer involvement in mental health training

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Livingston ◽  
Claudia Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
User Training ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Voluntary Organisations

National policy in the UK emphasises the importance of involving service users and caregivers in all types of mental health provision. The training of mental health care and social service professionals has always relied on seeing patients, but the patients' role has usually been a passive one. This is now changing, and service users and carers are becoming active educators in professional training, benefiting both the teachers and those taught. Provision is still very variable and is dependent on local initiatives. Voluntary organisations are active in this field, and there are now two academic posts for service users in the UK. This article explores the current forms of service user training, its benefits and drawbacks, and makes recommendations for future work.

Do-it-yourself heritage: heritage as a process (designing for the Stoke ‘Ping’)

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Karen Brookfield ◽  
Danny Callaghan ◽  
Helen Graham ◽  
Jayne Fair ◽  
Jan Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Do It Yourself

This chapter discusses the idea of do-it-yourself (DIY) heritage, that is, heritage as it is produced through people's actions, conversations, and relationships. The chapter looks at the Do-It-Yourself Heritage Day event and how it worked to create moments of connection — what the Ceramic City Stories team call the ‘Stoke Ping’. It draws on wider DIY traditions ‘to describe an ethos of horizontal community action, of mutual aid and of making alternatives now’. DIY approaches challenge models of exponential growth that often exist in funding, policy, and activism, and instead favour the magic of small moments and connections. Yet, they also show — through a recent innovative Heritage Lottery Fund initiative — how funding can be deployed to enable rather than constrain DIY horizontal, small-scale, and action-led approaches.

scholarly journals Exploring the multiple policy objectives for primary care networks: a qualitative interview study with national policy stakeholders

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e038398
Author(s):  
Kath Checkland ◽  
Jonathan Hammond ◽  
Lynsey Warwick-Giles ◽  
Simon Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Policy Objectives

ObjectivesEnglish general practice is suffering a workforce crisis, with general practitioners retiring early and trainees reluctant to enter the profession. To address this, additional funding has been offered, but only through participation in collaborations known as primary care networks (PCNs). This study explored national policy objectives underpinning PCNs and the mechanisms expected to help achieve these, from the perspective of those driving the policy.DesignQualitative semistructured interviews and policy document analysis.Setting and participantsNational-level policy maker and stakeholder interviewees (n=16). Policy document analysis of the Network Contract Direct Enhanced Service draft service specifications.AnalysisInterviews were transcribed, coded and organised thematically according to policy objectives and mechanisms. Thematic data were organised into a matrix so prominent elements can be identified and emphasised accordingly. Themes were considered alongside objectives embedded in PCN draft service delivery requirements.ResultsThree themes of policy objectives and associated mechanisms were identified: (1) supporting general practice, (2) place-based interorganisational collaboration and (3) primary care ‘voice’. Interviewees emphasised and sequenced themes differently, suggesting meeting objectives for one was necessary to realise another. Interviewees most closely linked to primary care emphasised the importance of theme 1. The objectives embedded in draft service delivery requirements primarily emphasised theme 2.ConclusionsThese policy objectives are not mutually exclusive but may imply different approaches to prioritising investment or necessitate more explicit temporal sequencing, with the stabilisation of a struggling primary care sector probably needing to occur before meaningful engagement with other community service providers can be achieved or a ‘collective voice’ is agreed. Multiple objectives create space for stakeholders to feel dissatisfied when implementation details do not match expectations, as the negative reaction to draft service delivery requirements illustrates. Our study offers policy makers suggestions about how confidence in the policy might be restored by crafting delivery requirements so all groups see opportunities to meet favoured objectives.

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