Welfare reform: national policies with local impacts

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Christina Beatty ◽  
Steve Fothergill
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Welfare Reforms ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Different Parts

Welfare reform has been central to UK policymaking since the election of a Conservative-led government in 2010. The welfare reforms apply across the whole of the country, but their impacts vary profoundly from place to place – a consequence that government seems largely to have ignored. The measures introduced are targeted at working age people which leads to a disproportionate impact on areas with weaker local labour markets. This chapter draws on a range of official statistics, including local area claimant data, to document the financial losses in different parts of the country. It concludes that although the overall financial loss to claimants proved less than originally anticipated it remains very large, even before the implementation of Universal Credit and the post-2015 benefit changes, and that one of the main impacts of welfare reform is to hit the poorest places hardest.

scholarly journals Young University Graduates’ Motivations for Living in the Countryside in the Context of Rural Policies in Poland

2018 ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Ilona Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Area ◽  
University Education ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Different Parts

This paper focuses on young adults with a university education (aged 25–34) living in rural areas of Poland. Its aim is to analyse their motivations for doing so, as well as the implications of such decisions. The issue is of crucial importance in terms of the future of rural areas in Poland. Current rural policies, although somewhat vague, emphasize the urgent need of further modernization of agriculture and the creation of more nonagriculture jobs in local labour markets. In order to be successful, rural development should be a community-led process which requires well-skilled and dedicated rural residents. The paper is based on qualitative study conducted in ten selected rural municipalities in different parts of Poland. The analysis show that the young university graduates interviewed were motivated mostly by social relationships and attachment to the local area, but economic reasons were also important. Also, the types of motivation correlate with the young adults’ community engagement.

scholarly journals Moving for Employment Reasons

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S Morrison ◽  
William A.V. Clark ◽  
Kirsten Nissen ◽  
Robert Didham
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Local Labour Markets ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Uk

While most models of population migration assume that members of the labour force migrate to enhance returns to their labour, major surveys in the USA (PSID and CPS), in the UK (BHPS) and Australia (HILDA) all show that only around 10 percent of all individuals who change residence are motivated primarily by employment reasons. Of those moving between local labour markets only about 30 percent say they are motivated by employment reasons. We explore this apparent paradox by drawing on evidence from the Dynamics of Motivation and Migration Survey (DMM), which recorded the reasons people of working age, changed their permanent residence in New Zealand over the two-year period 2005 and 2006. The need to solve the employment problem before moving means that reasons offered retrospectively for moving usually reflect a wish to adjust consumption even in the case of those moving between local labour markets. For most people of working age employment remains a necessary condition rather than sufficient reason for moving and this is why the pattern of net flows among local markets appear to support theories of migration change even though few people say they move for employment reasons.

Managing Local Labour Markets and Making up New Spaces of Welfare

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2958-2974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Cochrane ◽  
David Etherington
Keyword(s):  
Labour Markets ◽  
Local Labour Markets ◽  
Local Labour

scholarly journals The Wage Curve and Local Labour Markets in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Morrison ◽  
Jacques Poot
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Convex Curve ◽  
Grouped Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wage Curve ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Local Labour Markets ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Record Data

Blanchflower and Oswald argue in their 1994 book that there is a stable downward-sloping convex curve linking the level of pay to the local unemployment rate. They derived this so-called wage curve from measurements on individuals within regions (local labour markets) for several countries and periods. Other investigators have confirmed the robustness of this finding. In this paper we seek evidence for the wage curve in New Zealand drawing on data at the regional level by means of the /996 census of population and dwellings. New Zealand research is hampered by the inaccessibility of unit record data and the paper reports results based on publicly available grouped data. The results show that a cross-sectional wage curve does exist in New Zealand. The elasticity is in the range of-0.07 to -0.12, which is similar to results obtained for other countries. However, research to date has not been able to choose between competing explanations for this phenomenon. We argue that a better understanding of the dynamics of local labour markets is an essential requirement for further study of the wage curve.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THEILERIOSIS ON MILK IN NATURALLY INFECTED COWS AND BUFFALOES AT HYDERABAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
M.I. Memon ◽  
Memon ◽  
Kachiwal ◽  
Soomro ◽  
Meh- ja- been Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Financial Losses

Study was conducted to investigate the consequences of Theileriosis in naturally infected cattle and buffaloes of urban and peri urban areas of Hyderabad. Chemical analysis of milk of infected cows and buffaloes revealed that protein, ash and lactose were significantly declined (P<0.05) whereas, fat and total solids were significantly increased (P<0.05) in Theileria infected cows and buffaloes, but pH and acidity was unaffected. Financial losses occur in terms of reduced quality and severely decreased quantity of milk and meat. The total financial loss including the mortality and decreased quantity of milk and meat was recorded of Rs. 0.17 million / animal in the current study. Theileriosis is one of the main causes of financial losses for livestock holders.

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