The Intellectual Disability Mortality Disadvantage: Diminishing With Age?

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Landes
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Mortality Differential ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract On average, adults with intellectual disability (ID) have higher mortality risk than their peers in the general population. However, the effect of age on this mortality disadvantage has received minimal attention. Using data from the 1986–2011 National Health Interview Survey–Linked Mortality Files (NHIS–LMF), discrete time hazard models were used to compare mortality risk for adults with and without ID by age and gender. Increased mortality risk was present for all adults with ID, but was most pronounced among younger age females. The mortality differential between those with and without ID diminished with increased age for both females and males. Findings support the argument that heterogeneity of frailty may explain differences in mortality risk between those with and without ID.

Abstract MP69: Hypertension, Overweight and Obesity Among US Immigrants: An Analysis of the 2010-2014 National Health Interview Survey

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Y Commodore-Mensah ◽  
Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran ◽  
Jonathan Aboagye ◽  
Laura Samuel ◽  
Carolyn Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Ethnic minority populations in the United States (US) are disproportionately affected by cardiometabolic risk factors including hypertension, overweight/obesity and diabetes. Currently, 13% of the US population are immigrants (41 million), and this number is growing and changing demographically. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that considerable variability will exist in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, diabetes and hypertension among immigrants. Methods: We used the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to compare hypertension, overweight and diabetes prevalence in adult US immigrants and pooled years 2010-2014.We calculated age and gender-adjusted prevalence of overweight/obesity, diabetes and hypertension by region of birth using multivariable logistic regression. Results: We included 54,984 participants from Europe(7%),South America(6%), Mexico/Central America/Caribbean(55%), Russia(1%), Africa(4%), Middle East(2%),Indian subcontinent(6%), Central Asia (7%) and Southeast Asia(11%). In age and gender-adjusted estimates, overweight/obesity and diabetes were least prevalent in Central Asian immigrants (32% and 6%, respectively) and most prevalent in Mexico/Central America/Caribbean immigrants (71% and 10%, respectively). The age-and gender adjusted prevalence of hypertension ranged from 17% (South America) to 25% (Russia). Table 1 provides the adjusted multivariable adjusted odds Ratios (OR) of overweight/obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions: We observed substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among a nationally representative sample of US immigrants. Immigrants from Mexico/Central America/Caribbean, Africa and Asia had the highest odds for diabetes although Asian immigrants had the lowest odds of overweight/obesity. Our findings support the disaggregation of data on US immigrants to inform culturally-tailored public health strategies to prevent cardiometabolic disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Aging, Gender and Sensory Stimulation of TRPV1 Receptors with Capsaicin on Spontaneous Swallowing Frequency in Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Weslania Nascimento ◽  
Noemí Tomsen ◽  
Saray Acedo ◽  
Cristina Campos-Alcantara ◽  
Christopher Cabib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Brainstem Reflex ◽  
Trpv1 Receptors ◽  
Volume Viscosity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Stimulation Of

Spontaneous swallowing contributes to airway protection and depends on the activation of brainstem reflex circuits in the central pattern generator (CPG). We studied the effect of age and gender on spontaneous swallowing frequency (SSF) in healthy volunteers and assessed basal SSF and TRPV1 stimulation effect on SSF in patients with post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). The effect of age and gender on SSF was examined on 141 healthy adult volunteers (HV) divided into three groups: GI—18–39 yr, GII—40–59 yr, and GIII—>60 yr. OD was assessed by the Volume–Viscosity Swallowing Test (VVST). The effect of sensory stimulation with capsaicin 10−5 M (TRPV1 agonist) was evaluated in 17 patients with post-stroke OD, using the SSF. SSF was recorded in all participants during 10 min using surface electromyography (sEMG) of the suprahyoid muscles and an omnidirectional accelerometer placed over the cricothyroid cartilage. SSF was significantly reduced in GII (0.73 ± 0.50 swallows/min; p = 0.0385) and GIII (0.50 ± 0.31 swallows/min; p < 0.0001) compared to GI (1.03 ± 0.62 swallows/min), and there was a moderate significant correlation between age and SFF (r = −0.3810; p < 0.0001). No effect of gender on SSF was observed. Capsaicin caused a strong and significant increase in SSF after the TRPV1 stimulation when comparing to basal condition (pre-capsaicin: 0.41 ± 0.32 swallows/min vs post-capsaicin: 0.81 ± 0.51 swallow/min; p = 0.0003). OD in patients with post-stroke OD and acute stimulation with TRPV1 agonists caused a significant increase in SSF, further suggesting the potential role of pharmacological stimulation of sensory pathways as a therapeutic strategy for CPG activation in patients with OD.

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