Introduction to the Special Issue: ADA at 25 and People With Cognitive Disabilities: From Action to Inclusion

Inclusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Blanck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Central Element ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past

Abstract The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 has helped to define in the United States and globally the modern view of disability as a central element of the human experience. This second issue, of a two-part Special Issue of the journal Inclusion, examines the ADA at its 25th anniversary. From an array of disciplinary perspectives and lived experiences, the articles reflect on the past 25 years, examine present opportunities and challenges, and consider the future to ensure continued action toward the civil and human rights of individuals with cognitive and other disabilities for inclusion and active citizenship.

ADA at 25 and People With Cognitive Disabilities: From Voice to Action

Inclusion ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Blanck
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Americans With Disabilities Act ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, and the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) of 2008, are effecting dramatic changes in the perception of cognitive and other disabilities, from primarily viewing disability as a medical state to be cured and pitied toward acceptance of disability as an element of human experience and self-identity. The ADA's modern understanding of disability is as much shaped by diversity in biology, local culture, and self-identity over the life course, as it is by the barriers to inclusion we build and maintain in society. This view reflects the paradigm shift from the prior and dominating medical model to a social and environmental approach to disability civil and human rights. This two-part special issue of the journal Inclusion examines the ADA at its 25th anniversary. The articles reflect on the past 25 years, examine the present, and anticipate the future to ensure continued progress towards the civil and human rights of individuals with cognitive and other disabilities.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Justice, Acknowledgment, and Collective Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Valls
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regime Transitions

In regime transitions, a number of mechanisms are utilized to memorialize the past and to reject the ideas associated with human rights abused of the prior regime. This is often done through truth commissions, apologies, memorials, museums, changes in place names, national holidays, and other symbolic measures. In the United States, some efforts along these lines have been undertaken, but on the whole they have been very limited and inadequate. In addition, many symbols and memorials associated with the past, such as Confederate monuments and the Confederate Battle Flag, continue to be displayed. Hence while some progress has been made on these issues, much more needs to be done.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 363-372
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dna Technology

The first applications of DNA technology in criminal cases took place in the United States and United Kingdom more than 30 years ago. What have we learned over the past three decades from the use of forensic DNA analysis in criminal and human rights investigations and humanitarian disasters? And what challenges, opportunities, and potential pitfalls lie ahead?...

Keep Culture, Lose the Reductionism: Exploring Contemporary Cultural Spaces as Sites of Power Maintenance and Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Erik T. Withers ◽  
Manuel A. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Spaces

In this article, we argue for the importance of investigating cultural spaces in connection to social inequalities. Within cultural spaces, culture in both material and nonmaterial forms is used in ways that bolster privilege, provide means for people and groups to navigate inequalities, and offers avenues for contesting inequalities. We critically examine some of the past and present ways that culture and inequalities have been studied together. We identify three trends that have arisen from the current scholarship on culture and inequality in the United States: space and place, embodiment, and performativity. In addition to examining understudied contemporary cultural spaces, the articles in this special issue contribute to and expand on the identified trends of studying cultural spaces as sites of inequality maintenance and resistance.

United States Foreign Policy in Southern Africa: Third-World Perspectives

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davidson Nicol
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Third World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
United States Foreign Policy ◽  
Multilateral Aid ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

The past decade has seen an increase in the scope of relationships, both political and economic, between Africa and the United States. These vary with the complexion of the government in power, though some would say that this was more in emphasis than in substance, others definitely not. It is felt by many Africans, nevertheless, that the Carter Administration's emphasis on human rights has now been downgraded by the present Reagan Administration and that, instead, the geopolitics of U.S.–U.S.S.R. rivalry, and the economic importance of developing the private sector at the expense of bilateral or multilateral aid, have been moved to the fore.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-174
Author(s):  
William L. d'Ambruoso
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Degrading Treatment ◽  
Recent Variation

This chapter explores the scope and limits of the book’s central claims, extending the argument to other circumstances and norms and describing cases that do not fit the theory. The chapter examines the recent variation between the United States and Europe on the question of torture. The human rights picture in Europe has improved over the past few decades in part because European institutions have been clearer than the United States about prohibiting cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment, eliminating the antitorture norm’s specificity problem, and preventing a slippery slope that so often ends with torture. Finally, the chapter broadens the argument by demonstrating how the pervasive belief that autocrats have an edge over rule-bound democracies has tempted certain elected officials to chip away at their own liberal-democratic institutions.

Chapter 1: 21st Century Physical Education in the United States: Introduction to the Special Issue

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Phillip Ward ◽  
Hal A. Lawson ◽  
Hans van der Mars ◽  
Murray F. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Programs ◽  
The Future

In this chapter, we examine the system of physical education with a Janus-like perspective. We focus on examining and learning from the past as we anticipate what society, school systems, and the physical education system might look like in the future. Drawing on futuristic scenarios developed for this special journal issue, we ask a timely, pivotal question. What does all of this mean for the future of the field of physical education, including its school programs, teacher education programs, doctoral programs, and salient public policies? The several chapters in this special issue can be viewed as a response to this question—and with a delimited focus on the unique context of the United States. This chapter is structured to provide an overall context for these other contributions. It includes a discussion of relevant theories provided in this special issue and a representative summary of the other articles. Selectivity is apparent and unavoidable in every article, and it can be viewed variously as a strength or limitation.

Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Hudson Moura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Global Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Film and media practitioners and educators have been expanding the use of digital through new experiences with unusual and innovative technical and artistic “approaches.” Likewise, researchers and academics are questioning and analyzing these new practices that increasingly dominate global society, as seen in the past months with the advent of the worldwide pandemic. In 2013, we created the IFM-Interactive Film and Media Conference to provide an inclusive educational space within the digital theory and interactive studies where researchers and practitioners could discuss and present their research and work in film and media. With this purpose, the IFM has partnered with universities worldwide and established a space for a global integration between academia and the audiovisual production community that aims to forge a valuable exchange between researchers, faculty, students, practitioners, and the community. The goal is to generate a broad debate, emphasizing the need to evaluate the increasing use of digital screens in contemporary society and how people respond artistically, socially, and politically to the challenges of the digital cultural space. The work of professors, researchers, and practitioners (artists, filmmakers, and videomakers) from various areas and several countries, including Italy, Brazil, England, Spain, Canada, New Zealand, Portugal, Scotland, Germany, and the United States, constitutes this special issue with selected articles and audiovisuals from the #IFM2014. The aim is to launch IFM Journal first issues while archiving our preliminary works.

International Human Rights Litigation in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-200
Author(s):  
Paul Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Sovereign Immunity ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forum Non Conveniens ◽  
International Human

Paul Hoffman reviews the position in the United States regarding the imposition of liability on multinationals for human rights abuses occurring overseas. He focuses on corporate complicity cases brought under the Alien Tort Statute over the past 25 years. By reference to key decisions, he charts the development of the law which had had initially held out considerable promise for human rights victims but which has been gradually whittled away by decisions such as Kiobel in 2012 and Jesner in 2018. The scope of the statute and the concepts of aiding and abetting liability, the presumption against extraterritoriality, ‘touch and concern test’ and ‘foreign sovereign immunity’ are explained. The decision in Doe v. Nestle has resolved many of the uncertainties. Potential liability under various statutes to protect victims of torture, trafficking, terrorism, and corruption are outlined as is the experience of common law tort claims and forum non conveniens.

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