scholarly journals Can Oil Speak? On the Production of Ontological Difference and Ambivalence in Extractive Encounters

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-63
Author(s):  
Judith Bovensiepen
Keyword(s):  
Ontological Difference

Der Begriff ,Austrag‘ als Bestimmung des Seins bei Martin Heidegger

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216
Author(s):  
Ales Novák
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the late 1950sHeidegger revived the notion of the ,ontological difference‘, which he considered to be the constitution for the meaning of both ,being‘ (Sein) and the ,entity‘ (Seiendes). The unifying process of this constitution bore the name ,discharge‘ (Austrag) and expressed the dynamic, static, and generic features of ,being‘. But even this new description means only the designation for the primordial unconcealedness (Unverborgenheit), which according to Heidegger is the ,matter of thinking‘ (Sache des Denkens). And again, Heidegger brings just another notion to express that the ,nearness‘ as the comprising meaning of presence (Anwesen) is the true name for ,world‘. Thus, Heideggers notions for ,being‘ as presence, ,staying dwelling‘, ,enowing‘ (Ereignis), and ,discharge‘ speak about his turning away from thinking of ,being‘(ontology) and his turning towards ,topology‘, where the relationship of ,world and thing‘ is preferred to the ,ontological difference‘ between ,being‘ and the ,entity‘.

Waddington’s Processual Epigenetics and the Debate over Cryptic Variability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Fabris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Modern Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Assimilation ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Epigenetic Process ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Acquired Characters

This chapter reappraises Waddington’s processual theory of epigenetics and examines its implications for contemporary evolutionary biology. It focuses in particular on the ontological difference between two conflicting assumptions that have been conflated in the recent debate over the nature of cryptic variability: a substance view that is consistent with the modern synthesis and construes variability as a preexisting pool of random genetic variation; and a processual view, which derives from Waddington’s conception of developmental canalization and understands variability as an epigenetic process. The chapter also discusses how these opposing interpretations fare in their capacity to explain the genetic assimilation of acquired characters.

scholarly journals Ontology in Neolithic Britain and Ireland: Beyond Animism

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Chris Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Wide Range

A combination of new animism and new materialism has influenced recent interpretations of the Neolithic archaeology of Britain and Ireland, including decorative and figurative productions often referred to as ‘art’. This article critiques the appeal to animism in some of this work and considers four alternative ways to address the critique. First it considers contextualizing animism by discussing Descola’s identification of four kinds of ontologies—animism, totemism, analogism and naturalism–outlining examples of practices and material culture involved in each. After examining the effect of applying these to the Neolithic archaeology of Britain and Ireland, it then considers identifying Neolithic practices which seem at odds with animism without boxing these as indicative of other categories of ontology. After noting the wide range of Indigenous ontologies such models attempt to characterize, the article advocates an emphasis on ontological difference and attends to ontological diversity within the Neolithic.

Ontological Captivity

differences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-113
Author(s):  
Andrés Fabián Henao Castro
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Detention Center ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Penal Colony ◽  
Political Critique ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Broad Understanding

Departing from where Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction of Martin Heidegger’s gender-neutral Dasein left off, this article argues for “ontological captivity” as a critical analytic for questioning Being under conditions of racial capitalism. Based on a broad understanding of the Black Radical tradition, the author argues for the importance of connecting the analysis of ontological difference with the political critique of concrete historical and material conditions that structurally link what it means to be human to overlapping and mutually reinforcing technologies of capture. From the slave ship, the plantation, the reservation, the prison, the detention center, the penal colony, and the concentration camp to the ways in which injurious signifiers fix the body and arrest its mobility, ontological difference should be unthinkable outside a confrontation with its material conditions of possibility and impossibility. These are the material conditions that, from W. E. B. Du Bois’s analysis of the “color-line” to Calvin Warren’s analytic of “onticide,” from Lewis Gordon’s “antiblackness” to Nelson Maldonado-Torres’s “coloniality of being,” and from Hortense Spillers’s “being for the captor” to Zakiyyah Iman Jackson’s “ontological plasticization,” call for a political rather than an ethical interrogation of Being.

scholarly journals Voilà pourquoi je ne suis pas ‘ontologue’

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Paul Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
The Creation

The word “ontology” has no meaning outside the context in which it was created. When it was invented, at the beginning of the seventeenth century, the word 'metaphysics' already existed. So the creation of “ontology” had to express a distance with respect to tradition. “Metaphysics” had its roots in Aristotle and his search, his impossible search, for a first principle. This project is taken up again by “ontology” but this time by limiting the Aristotelian intention to the area of univocal formality, while Aristotle had situated himself within the order of dialectical investigation. Current phenomenology tries to re-actualize the Aristotelian intention by emphasizing ontological difference and analogy, while analytic philosophy remains firmly within the tradition of modern ontology.

MEHRZAD BOROUJERDI, Iranian Intellectuals and the West: The Tormented Triumph of Nativism (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1996). Pp 256.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The West ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Authentic Identity ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Beliefs And Values

Mehrzad Boroujerdi's Iranian Intellectuals and the West explores the works of three generations of Iranian writers and academics who contributed to the formation of a counter-Western “nativist” discourse. It opens with an exposition of the concepts that constitute the theoretical grid of the book and provide the title of its first chapter. “Otherness, Orientalism, Orientalism in Reverse, and Nativism.” Informed by contemporary critical theories, Boroujerdi argues for the centrality of the “other” to the formation of modern self-identity. Re-encapsulating the main theses of Said's Orientalism, he recounts that “the Islamic world came to be perceived as the embodiment of all that was recently left behind in Europe: an all-encompassing religion, political despotism, cultural stagnation, scientific ignorance, superstition, and so on” (p. 7). He then explains “Orientalism in reverse,” a concept formulated by the Syrian critic Sadik al-Azm. Preferring this clumsy concept to “Occidentalism” or “self-Orientalizing,” Boroujerdi defines Orientalism in reverse as “a discourse used by ‘oriental’ intellectuals and political elites to lay claim to, recapture, and finally impropriate their ‘true’ and ‘authentic’ identity” (pp. 11–12). As a counter-narrative of Orientalism, this discourse “uncritically embraces orientalism's assumption of a fundamental ontological difference separating the natures, peoples, and cultures of the Orient and the Occident” (p. 12). Boroujerdi attributes the popularity of Orientalism in reverse to the “seductive lure of nativism,” which is defined as “the doctrine that calls for the resurgence, reinstatement, or continuance of native or indigenous cultural customs, beliefs, and values” (p. 14). Surprisingly enough, Boroujerdi does not divulge that this seductive and pervasive “ nativism” has no discursively significant equivalent in Iranian cultural politics.

Disrupting Sovereignty: Deleuze and Guattari on the War Machine

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-118
Author(s):  
Gavin Rae
Keyword(s):  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Social World ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
The Social ◽  
War Machine ◽  
Moving Fluid

This chapter engages with Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s analysis of the war machine, suggesting that it contradicts Arendt’s analysis and offers the most radical critique within the radical-juridical paradigm. Premised on the notion that we must rethink sovereignty from ontological difference rather than unity, Deleuze and Guattari radically undermine the indivisibility that defines the classic-juridical conception. Far from being located in one individual or point, sovereignty is always tied to the State, which is a multiplicity that expresses the constantly moving, fluid, and dynamic field of difference. By thinking the social world in terms of heterogeneity, Deleuze and Guattari undermine the hierarchical conception of sovereignty underpinning the classic-juridical model, but continue to implicitly insist that State sovereignty is tied to the maintenance of juridical order; an order that is always threatened by or in conflict with the war machine that disrupts it. As a consequence, they conclude that sovereign order is always far more unstable and disordered than it appears to be.

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