scholarly journals Catholic Republicanism: The Creation of the Spanish American Republics during Revolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Gabriel Entin
Keyword(s):  
Spanish American ◽  
The Creation

Valle-Inclán, Ramón María Del (1866–1936)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Sprinceana
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Generation Of 1898 ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ramon Del Valle Inclan ◽  
European Civilization

The Spanish dramatist, novelist, and poet Ramón del Valle-Inclán was a major figure of the Generation of 1898, a group of writers that reinvigorated Spanish letters in the wake of the Spanish-American War of 1898, which marked the end of Spain’s colonial empire. Valle-Inclán was one of the most radical dramatists of the early twentieth century and worked to subvert the traditionalism of Spanish drama. Influenced by French modernism and Symbolism, he later moved to more experimental styles and is known for the creation of the ‘esperento,’ an absurd and grotesquely satirical mix of comedy and tragedy. This style expresses the tragic meaning of Spanish life, which Valle considered to be a ‘grotesque deformation’ of European civilization. He held several administrative and teaching appointments, which allowed him to dedicate his life to writing while providing for his wife and five children.

Prudent Deferment: Cosmographer-Chronicler Juan López de Velasco and the Historiography of the Indies

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe E. Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Spanish American ◽  
High Point ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines why the first Chief Cosmographer-Chronicler of the Indies, Juan López de Velasco (c. 1530–1598), did not fulfill his historiographic duty of writing a general history of the Indies. It argues that although Velasco's tenure (1571-1591) at the Council of the Indies saw a high point in the accumulation of historiographic knowledge and information about Castile's Spanish-American possessions, the structural peculiarities of the cosmographer-chronicler's office disposed Velasco to prudently eschew writing an official history of the Indies. To appreciate and understand those peculiarities, the article focuses on three interrelated factors: the patronage networks at the royal court and their relation to monarchical bureaucracy; the Council of the Indies administrative reforms that led to the creation of the chief cosmographer-chronicler's office; and the climate of secrecy and censorship regarding knowledge of the Indies during Philip II's reign. The overarching emphasis, however, entails a consideration of the relationship between knowledge about Castile's American territories and monarchical bureaucracy, from the perspective of the Habsburg royal court in Madrid.

Earthquakes, Damage, and Prediction: the Spanish Seismological Service, 1898-1930

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Anduaga
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Seismic Prediction

The creation and development of the Servicio Sismológico Español (1906-1930) clearly illustrates the complexity of the organisation of seismological networks in Spain during the Restauración and the reign of Alfonso XIII. A unique combination of technical advances, seismological knowledge and the need for safety and seismic prediction gave rise to the emergence of both state and private observatories, an important aspect of the process of scientific modernisation after the Spanish-American war of 1898. This paper aims to show how the engineer Eduardo Mier y Miura (1858-1917) played a key role in the foundation of the Servicio, despite the fact that some of his decisions and contributions were highly criticised by the next generation of seismologists. Figures such as Vicente Inglada, José Galbis, and Alfonso Rey Pastor carried out a complete reorganisation of the Servicio. These events did not stem from the well-known regeneracionismo movement which took place at the turn of the century, but were rather the result of internal dynamics.

Wars of Spanish-American Independence

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Sobrevilla Perea
Keyword(s):  
Social Revolution ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Bourbon Reforms ◽  
Historical Antecedents

The wars of Spanish-American independence were a series of military campaigns that took place in the Americas between 1809 and 1825, which resulted in the creation of more than a dozen republics in the territories that had previously been part of the Hispanic monarchy. Triggered in the short term by the Napoleonic invasion of the Spanish peninsula in 1808, there were more deep-seated reasons, however, that led to the collapse of an empire that had existed for three hundred years. Classic historiography has stressed the importance of the Bourbon Reforms that brought to the fore the contradictions within the Hispanic monarchy and gave rise to a sense of proto-nationalism. These interpretations have given much importance to the role of the Enlightenment and the fear brought by possible social revolution. Some authors consider that these wars were the result of the Americans’ long-held contempt for Europeans. These views consider that struggle for liberation had begun much earlier, possibly as far back as the 1780s, inspired by the American and French Revolutions. More recent historiography has highlighted the war that engulfed Spain itself between 1808 and 1814 as the crucial event that led to fighting in the Americas. This event is seen as not just the trigger for the events to unfold, unleashing conflicts that had been simmering for much longer, but what shook to the ground the archaic but surprisingly durable composite Hispanic monarchy. This article will discuss the main events that caused the wars, the moments each national historiography has identified as the ones linked to the independence of their particular region, as well as the events themselves. It begins by looking at the historical antecedents, including the Bourbon Reforms, the American, French, and Haitian revolutions, and at the Napoleonic invasion of the Spanish peninsula. It then discusses the creation of juntas in the Americas and how the confrontation between different jurisdictions resulted in war. The article discusses who were the people involved in the wars and the main events that took place.

scholarly journals Entre los Incas y el ‘Che’

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Gavagnin
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Cultural Imaginary ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Military

The massive success of Latin American folk music in Europe during the 70s ran parallel to the contemporary Spanish-American literary boom. Especially, Andean music could suggest a kind of musical indigenismo, which actively contributed to the creation of a persistent Andean cultural imaginary on that side of the Ocean. This work aims at outlining, through a dialogue with the documents and the testimonies of the local reception, some specific characteristics of the diffusion of Andean music in Italy. This coincided with the diffusion of the New Chilean Song, after the military coup in 1973, generating an ambiguous overlap between the two musical areas.

New Cures

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-121
Author(s):  
Jesse Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
The Creation ◽  
American Colony ◽  
Bourbon Reform

Chapter 3 examines the creation and administration of the Caracas Company as an organization designed to increase trade to Venezuela but also to police its coastline. Although realizations of Spanish commercial vulnerabilities predated the Bourbon period, bureaucrats in the new dynasty singled out contraband trade as an especially troubling defect. Venezuelan commercial rejuvenation represented one of the earliest Bourbon reform projects. Crown ministers conceived of the Caracas Company as a solution to the province’s commercial dysfunction. Madrid allowed the Caracas Company to maintain its commercial privileges in Venezuela despite prickly relations with the colony’s subjects because it was a profitable enterprise. This reality delayed the implementation of comercio libre reforms in Venezuela until 1789, long after every Spanish American colony aside from New Spain had been permitted trade liberalization. Essentially, an early Bourbon reform had overpowered the designs of later ones. Continued Company control assured that the province would remain a conflict zone. As this chapter emphasizes, imperial reformers were not ignorant or inflexible where smuggling was concerned. Rather, their plans miscalculated how deeply it was stitched into the fabric of Venezuelan life.

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