Prudent Deferment: Cosmographer-Chronicler Juan López de Velasco and the Historiography of the Indies

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe E. Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Spanish American ◽  
High Point ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines why the first Chief Cosmographer-Chronicler of the Indies, Juan López de Velasco (c. 1530–1598), did not fulfill his historiographic duty of writing a general history of the Indies. It argues that although Velasco's tenure (1571-1591) at the Council of the Indies saw a high point in the accumulation of historiographic knowledge and information about Castile's Spanish-American possessions, the structural peculiarities of the cosmographer-chronicler's office disposed Velasco to prudently eschew writing an official history of the Indies. To appreciate and understand those peculiarities, the article focuses on three interrelated factors: the patronage networks at the royal court and their relation to monarchical bureaucracy; the Council of the Indies administrative reforms that led to the creation of the chief cosmographer-chronicler's office; and the climate of secrecy and censorship regarding knowledge of the Indies during Philip II's reign. The overarching emphasis, however, entails a consideration of the relationship between knowledge about Castile's American territories and monarchical bureaucracy, from the perspective of the Habsburg royal court in Madrid.

Indigenous Peoples

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Te Paa-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Treaty Of Waitangi ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constitutional Revision

In 1992 the Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia, which owed its origin ultimately to the work of Samuel Marsden and other missionaries, undertook a globally unprecedented project to redeem its inglorious colonial past, especially with respect to its treatment of indigenous Maori Anglicans. In this chapter Te Paa Daniel, an indigenous Anglican laywoman, explores the history of her Provincial Church in the Antipodes, outlining the facts of history, including the relationship with the Treaty of Waitangi, the period under Selwyn’s leadership, as experienced and understood from the perspective of Maori Anglicans. The chapter thus brings into view the events that informed and influenced the radical and globally unprecedented Constitutional Revision of 1992 which saw the creation of the partnership between different cultural jurisdictions (tikanga).

The Conquest of Death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Growth ◽  
The Relationship

The Conquest of Death considers the concepts of violence and state power far more broadly and holistically than previous accounts of state growth by intertwining the national and the local, the formal and the informal to illustrate how the management of incidental acts of violence and justice was as important to the monopolization of violence as the creation of the machinery of warfare. It reveals how the creation and operation of everyday bureaucracy built systems of power far exceeding its original intent and allowed a greater centralized surveillance of daily life than ever before. In sum, this book forces us to think about state formation not in terms of the broad strokes of legislative policy and international competition, but rather as a process built by multiple tiny actions, interactions and encroachments which fundamentally redefined the nature of the state and the relationship between government and governed. The Conquest of Death thus provides a new approach to the history of state formation, the history of criminal justice and the history of violence in early modern England. By locating the creation of an effective, permanent monopoly of violence in England in the second-half of the sixteenth century, this book also provides a new chronology of the divide between medieval and modern while divorcing the history of state growth from a linear history of centralization.

When Memory Challenges History: Public Contestation of the Past in Post-Suharto Indonesia

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Army Officers ◽  
Current Controversy ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractServing to legitimate the power of a political regime, official history is usually radically questioned as the regime collapses. Such is the case in Indonesia since the fall of Suharto in May 1998. Yet, unlike many other countries which have experienced transitions from authoritarian or totalitarian rule to democracy, post-Suharto Indonesia is witnessing an ambivalent critique of the official history, especially regarding the "September 30, 1965 affair" (the killing of six top Army officers by a regiment of Presidential guards which brought about Suharto's rise to power). On one hand, there is a public query over who masterminded the killings; on the other hand, there are reactionary responses towards the claims of victimization among ex-political prisoners associated with the September 30,1965 movement, as they articulate their experiences of the past tragedy. This paper attempts to explore the current controversy surrounding the official history of the September 30, 1965 affair through discussions of the paradox of memory, and the relationship between memory and history.

scholarly journals The professionalization of Brazilian nursing in the written media of the end of the nineteenth century: a gender analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Braga do Espírito Santo ◽  
Taka Oguisso ◽  
Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The object is the relationship between the professionalization of Brazilian nursing and women, in the broadcasting of news about the creation of the Professional School of Nurses, in the light of gender. Aims: to discuss the linkage of women to the beginning of the professionalization of Brazilian nursing following the circumstances and evidence of the creation of the Professional School of Nurses analyzed from the perspective of gender. The news articles were analyzed from the viewpoint of Cultural History, founded in the gender concept of Joan Scott and in the History of Women. The creation of the School and the priority given in the media to women consolidate the vocational ideal of the woman for nursing in a profession subjugated to the physician but also representing the conquest of a space in the world of education and work, reconfiguring the social position of nursing and of woman in Brazil.

I “Concetti spaziali per televisione” di Lucio Fontana: dalle proposte del Manifiesto Blanco ai primi ambienti

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Dimension ◽  
Spatial Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Television Medium ◽  
The Relationship

This essay investigates Lucio Fontana’s “Luminous Images in Movement”, realized by the artist in 1952, when the Manifesto of the Spatial Movement for Television was published. Analyzing little-known and new documents and re-examining the historical and artistic context in which they were born, the essay proposes a re-reading of these researches highlighting their environmental dimension. A case in point within a “pre-history” of the relationship between art and television, Fontana’s interest in the new television medium is thus included in the original path that from the Manifiesto Blanco leads the artist to the creation of his first pioneering “environments”.

Oxford at the Crossroads

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
New School ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reflects on questions of language, culture, community, and the state via the history of Oxford University (1860 to 1939). After considering Matthew Arnold’s ambivalence about his alma mater, it turns to the quarrel over the identity of the English language between the historian E. A. Freeman and the lexicographer James Murray and its impact on the Oxford English Dictionary. The second section traces this quarrel through the disputes about the creation of the new School of English in Oxford in the 1890s, focusing on the relationship to the established School of Literae Humaniores and the idealist assumptions underpinning the debate. The third section shows what bearing this had on the creation of the International Committee for Intellectual Co-operation, the precursor to UNESCO, in the interwar years. It centres on Gilbert Murray, then Professor of Greek at Oxford, and concludes with his public exchange with Tagore in 1934.

Zakāt, Citizenship and the State: The Evolution of Islamic Religious and Political Authority

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
‘ABD al-RAHMAN al-SALIMI
Keyword(s):  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn this essay I will demonstrate the way in which the relationship between political authority and religious authority evolved throughout the history of Islam; and point out where religious rule gave way to the creation of nation states. I will map corresponding changes inZakātcollections, among various nation states, to support my argument in favour of a continued separation of religious and political functions in contemporary nations with Muslim majority populations.

Devine Intervention: Collaboration and Conspiracy in the History of the Royal Court

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn Storey
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Stage ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University ◽  
Phd Thesis ◽  
The Relationship

Taryn Storey believes that a series of letters recently discovered in the archive of the Arts Council of Great Britain (ACGB) makes it important that we reassess the genesis of the English Stage Company at the Royal Court. Dating from November 1952, the correspondence between George Devine and William Emrys Williams, the Secretary General of the ACGB, offers an insight into a professional and personal relationship that was to have a profound influence on the emerging Arts Council policy for drama. Storey makes the case that in 1953 Devine not only shaped his Royal Court proposal to fit the priorities of the ACGB Drama Panel, but that Devine and senior members of the ACGB then collaborated to ensure that the proposal became a key part of Arts Council strategic planning. Furthermore, she puts forward the argument that the relationship between Devine and Williams was instrumental to new writing and innovation becoming central to the future rationale for state subsidy to the theatre. Taryn Storey is a doctoral student at the University of Reading. Her PhD thesis examines the relationship between practice and policy in the development of new writing in post-war British theatre, and forms part of the AHRC-funded project ‘Giving Voice to the Nation: The Arts Council of Great Britain and the Development of Theatre and Performance in Britain 1945–1995’, a collaboration between the University of Reading and the Victoria and Albert Museum.

scholarly journals Nadverelementerne og billedsynet

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-212
Author(s):  
Leif Kallesen
Keyword(s):  
Eternal Life ◽  
Realistic Interpretation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

The Elements of the Eucharist and their Imageryby Leif KallesenThis paper is concerned with an aspect of the problem of Grundtvig’s doctrine of the relationship between spirit and flesh. The inquiry seeks to prove how, by applying his original imagery to the elements of the Eucharist, Grundtvig overcame the alternative interpretations of the Eucharist, which were wellknown from the history of dogmatics, that is - the realistic (the bread and wine are really Christ’s body and blood) and the symbolic (the elements symbolize the substance of the sacrament). This alternative goes back to the primitive Church, when Irenaeus represented the realistic interpretation and Origen the symbolic. Grundtvig knew both these interpretations and their primitive representatives, and this paper seeks to show how Grundtvig manages to rise above both sides and create his own doctrine of the Eucharist, containing the positive points of both Irenaeus and Origen. Thus Grundtvig agrees with Origen on the unique action of the Word, and from Irenaeus he has learnt to consider the visible and bodily as God’s own and blessed creation. The means to avoid both a symbolic view of the Eucharist, which in itself denies the reality of the created, and a realistic interpretation of the elements, which involuntarily ascribes a sacramental status and supernatural powers to the bread and wine, is Grundtvig’s independent imagery, which is legitimized by and justified by the theology of the Creation. The flesh is a true image of the spiritual and invisible because it is created by an everlasting and invisible God; but the bread and wine are not thereby made spiritual, and therefore they cannot have a spiritual and everlasting effect. Not until God’s Kingdom breaks out visibly will the flesh and the spirit coalesce, and then the bread and wine will realise what previously only the Word could achieve. This view of the final and definitive uniting of spirit and body gives rise to poetic utterances which remind one very much of the forms of expression connected with the realistic interpretation of the elements. In his poetry Grundtvig anticipates the definitive coalescence of spirit and body to such a degree that he can speak of bread and wine as if they already were spiritual, speak of what they will become, and of what the Word alone is up to that point, that is, the nourishment for eternal life. But the prerequisite for these apparently realistic utterances is always an imagery that sees our daily bread as a true image of the bread of life.

scholarly journals Chinese Language and Confucianism as an Instrument of Mongolian Adaptation in China during Yuan Epoch (13th–14th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Alexander Sh. Kadyrbaev
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the topic of the acculturation of the Mongol conquerors in China after the conquest by the first heirs of Genghis Khan and the creation of the Yuan Empire — the Mongol state in China. The history of China in the 13th-14th centuries, when the country was conquered by its neighbors, is a vivid example of the relationship between a nomadic and a centuries-old sedentary ethnos. At that time, the Chinese language and the teachings of Confucius became instruments for the acculturation of the Mongols. Having conquered China, the Mongol rulers were forced to master the Chinese culture to most effectively rule the country. As a result, the Yuan era was marked by intense cultural contacts, which makes it possible to trace the changes in the objective parameters of the Chinese language. However, the Mongolian influence itself played only a complementary role in the long process of interaction of the Chinese language with the languages of the steppe peoples of Central and East Asia.

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