scholarly journals Neural mechanisms of rhythm-based temporal prediction: Delta phase-locking reflects temporal predictability but not rhythmic entrainment

PLoS Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e2001665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Breska ◽  
Leon Y. Deouell
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
Temporal Predictability

scholarly journals Context-specific control over the neural dynamics of temporal attention by the human cerebellum

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
pp. eabb1141
Author(s):  
Assaf Breska ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Specific Control ◽  
Band Activity

Physiological methods have identified a number of signatures of temporal prediction, a core component of attention. While the underlying neural dynamics have been linked to activity within cortico-striatal networks, recent work has shown that the behavioral benefits of temporal prediction rely on the cerebellum. Here, we examine the involvement of the human cerebellum in the generation and/or temporal adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics, measuring scalp electroencephalography in individuals with cerebellar degeneration. When the temporal prediction relied on an interval representation, duration-dependent adjustments were impaired in the cerebellar group compared to matched controls. This impairment was evident in ramping activity, beta-band power, and phase locking of delta-band activity. These same neural adjustments were preserved when the prediction relied on a rhythmic stream. Thus, the cerebellum has a context-specific causal role in the adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics of temporal prediction, providing the requisite modulation to optimize behavior.

scholarly journals Suppression of competing speech through entrainment of cortical oscillations

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 3082-3093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cort Horton ◽  
Michael D'Zmura ◽  
Ramesh Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Rhythmic Structure ◽  
Speech Stream ◽  
Cortical Oscillations ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Competing Speech ◽  
Suppressive Mechanism

People are highly skilled at attending to one speaker in the presence of competitors, but the neural mechanisms supporting this remain unclear. Recent studies have argued that the auditory system enhances the gain of a speech stream relative to competitors by entraining (or “phase-locking”) to the rhythmic structure in its acoustic envelope, thus ensuring that syllables arrive during periods of high neuronal excitability. We hypothesized that such a mechanism could also suppress a competing speech stream by ensuring that syllables arrive during periods of low neuronal excitability. To test this, we analyzed high-density EEG recorded from human adults while they attended to one of two competing, naturalistic speech streams. By calculating the cross-correlation between the EEG channels and the speech envelopes, we found evidence of entrainment to the attended speech's acoustic envelope as well as weaker yet significant entrainment to the unattended speech's envelope. An independent component analysis (ICA) decomposition of the data revealed sources in the posterior temporal cortices that displayed robust correlations to both the attended and unattended envelopes. Critically, in these components the signs of the correlations when attended were opposite those when unattended, consistent with the hypothesized entrainment-based suppressive mechanism.

scholarly journals Delta phase resets mediate non-rhythmic temporal prediction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Daume ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Alexander Maye ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Andreas K. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Moving Stimulus ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Trial Phase

AbstractThe phase of neural oscillatory activity aligns to the predicted onset of upcoming stimulation. Whether such phase alignments represent phase resets of underlying neural oscillations or just rhythmically evoked activity, and whether they can be observed in a rhythm-free visual context, however, remains unclear. Here, we recorded the magnetoencephalogram while participants were engaged in a temporal prediction task judging the visual or tactile reappearance of a uniformly moving stimulus. The prediction conditions were contrasted with a control condition to dissociate phase adjustments of neural oscillations from stimulus-driven activity. We observed stronger delta band inter-trial phase consistency (ITPC) in a network of sensory, parietal and frontal brain areas, but no power increase reflecting stimulus-driven or prediction-related processes. Delta ITPC further correlated with prediction performance in the cerebellum and visual cortex. Our results provide evidence that phase alignments of low-frequency neural oscillations underlie temporal predictions in a non-rhythmic visual and crossmodal context.

A spike analysis method for characterizing neurons based on phase locking and scaling to the interval between two behavioral events

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1923-1941
Author(s):  
Masanori Kawabata ◽  
Shogo Soma ◽  
Akiko Saiki-Ishikawa ◽  
Satoshi Nonomura ◽  
Junichi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Spike Analysis ◽  
Functional Neuron ◽  
Phase Scaling

Phase-Scaling analysis is a novel technique to unbiasedly characterize the temporal dependency of functional neuron activity on two behavioral events and objectively determine the latency and form of the activity change. This powerful analysis can uncover several classes of latently functioning neurons that have thus far been overlooked, which may participate differently in intermediate processes of a brain function. The Phase-Scaling analysis will yield profound insights into neural mechanisms for processing internal information.

scholarly journals Theta Phase Synchrony and Conscious Target Perception: Impact of Intensive Mental Training

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1536-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen A. Slagter ◽  
Antoine Lutz ◽  
Lawrence L. Greischar ◽  
Sander Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Richard J. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Target Information ◽  
Object Processing ◽  
Theta Phase ◽  
The Brain

The information processing capacity of the human mind is limited, as is evidenced by the attentional blink—a deficit in identifying the second of two targets (T1 and T2) presented in close succession. This deficit is thought to result from an overinvestment of limited resources in T1 processing. We previously reported that intensive mental training in a style of meditation aimed at reducing elaborate object processing, reduced brain resource allocation to T1, and improved T2 accuracy [Slagter, H. A., Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Francis, A. D., Nieuwenhuis, S., Davis, J., et al. Mental training affects distribution of limited brain resources. PloS Biology, 5, e138, 2007]. Here we report EEG spectral analyses to examine the possibility that this reduction in elaborate T1 processing rendered the system more available to process new target information, as indexed by T2-locked phase variability. Intensive mental training was associated with decreased cross-trial variability in the phase of oscillatory theta activity after successfully detected T2s, in particular, for those individuals who showed the greatest reduction in brain resource allocation to T1. These data implicate theta phase locking in conscious target perception, and suggest that after mental training the cognitive system is more rapidly available to process new target information. Mental training was not associated with changes in the amplitude of T2-induced responses or oscillatory activity before task onset. In combination, these findings illustrate the usefulness of systematic mental training in the study of the human mind by revealing the neural mechanisms that enable the brain to successfully represent target information.

scholarly journals Inter-brain amplitude correlation differentiates cooperation from competition in a motion-sensing sports game

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huashuo Liu ◽  
Chenying Zhao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Dan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Motion Sensing ◽  
Cooperation And Competition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Amplitude Correlation

Abstract Cooperation and competition are two basic modes of human interaction. Their underlying neural mechanisms, especially from an interpersonal perspective, have not been fully explored. Using the electroencephalograph-based hyperscanning technique, the present study investigated the neural correlates of both cooperation and competition within the same ecological paradigm using a classic motion-sensing tennis game. Both the inter-brain coupling (the inter-brain amplitude correlation and inter-brain phase-locking) and the intra-brain spectral power were analyzed. Only the inter-brain amplitude correlation showed a significant difference between cooperation and competition, with different spatial patterns at theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Further inspection revealed distinct inter-brain coupling patterns for cooperation and competition; cooperation elicited positive inter-brain amplitude correlation at the delta and theta bands in extensive brain regions, while competition was associated with negative occipital inter-brain amplitude correlation at the alpha and beta bands. These findings add to our knowledge of the neural mechanisms of cooperation and competition and suggest the significance of adopting an inter-brain perspective in exploring the neural underpinnings of social interaction in ecological contexts.

scholarly journals Context-specific control of the neural dynamics of temporal attention by the human cerebellum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaf Breska ◽  
Richard B. Ivry
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Specific Control ◽  
Band Activity

SummaryPhysiological methods have identified a number of signatures of temporal prediction, a core component of attention. While the underlying neural dynamics have been linked to activity within cortico-striatal networks, recent work has shown that the behavioral benefits of temporal prediction causally rely on the cerebellum. Here we examine the involvement of the human cerebellum in the generation and/or temporal adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics, measuring scalp electroencephalography in individuals with cerebellar degeneration. When the temporal prediction relied on an interval representation, duration-dependent adjustments were impaired in the cerebellar group compared to matched controls. This impairment was evident in ramping activity, beta-band power, and phase locking of delta-band activity. Remarkably, these same neural adjustments were preserved when the prediction relied on a rhythmic stream. Thus, the cerebellum has a context-specific causal role in the adjustment of anticipatory neural dynamics of temporal prediction, providing the requisite modulation to optimize behavior.

The Nature of Delta Phase Precipitation in Inconel 718

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
L. S. Lin ◽  
C. C. Law
Keyword(s):  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Physical Metallurgy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Delta Phase ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nickel Base

Inconel 718, a precipitation hardenable nickel-base alloy, is a versatile high strength, weldable wrought alloy that is used in the gas turbine industry for components operated at temperatures up to about 1300°F. The nominal chemical composition is 0.6A1-0.9Ti-19.OCr-18.0Fe-3Mo-5.2(Cb + Ta)- 0.1C with the balance Ni (in weight percentage). The physical metallurgy of IN 718 has been the subject of a number of investigations and it is now established that hardening is due, primarily, to the formation of metastable, disc-shaped γ" an ordered body-centered tetragonal structure (DO2 2 type superlattice).

Ultrastructural identification of three types of sensory setae on copepod antennae

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 956-957
Author(s):  
T. M. Weatherby ◽  
P.H. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Dendritic Membrane ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization

Crustaceans, as well as other arthropods, are covered with sensory setae and hairs, including mechanoand chemosensory sensillae with a ciliary origin. Calanoid copepods are small planktonic crustaceans forming a major link in marine food webs. In conjunction with behavioral and physiological studies of the antennae of calanoids, we undertook the ultrastructural characterization of sensory setae on the antennae of Pleuromamma xiphias.Distal mechanoreceptive setae exhibit exceptional behavioral and physiological performance characteristics: high sensitivity (<10 nm displacements), fast reaction times (<1 msec latency) and phase locking to high frequencies (1-2 kHz). Unusual structural features of the mechanoreceptors are likely to be related to their physiological sensitivity. These features include a large number (up to 3000) of microtubules in each sensory cell dendrite, arising from or anchored to electron dense rods associated with the ciliary basal body microtubule doublets. The microtubules are arranged in a regular array, with bridges between and within rows. These bundles of microtubules extend far into each mechanoreceptive seta and terminate in a staggered fashion along the dendritic membrane, contacting a large membrane surface area and providing a large potential site of mechanotransduction.

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