scholarly journals Germline genome modification through novel political, ethical, and social lenses

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009741
Author(s):  
Vicki Xafis ◽  
G. Owen Schaefer ◽  
Markus K. Labude ◽  
Yujia Zhu ◽  
Soren Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Research Application ◽  
Structural Injustice ◽  
Genome Modification ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Societal Consensus

Much has been written about gene modifying technologies (GMTs), with a particularly strong focus on human germline genome editing (HGGE) sparked by its unprecedented clinical research application in 2018, shocking the scientific community. This paper applies political, ethical, and social lenses to aspects of HGGE to uncover previously underexplored considerations that are important to reflect on in global discussions. By exploring 4 areas—(1) just distribution of HGGE benefits through a realist lens; (2) HGGE through a national interest lens; (3) “broad societal consensus” through a structural injustice lens; and (4) HGGE through a scientific trustworthiness lens—a broader perspective is offered, which ultimately aims to enrich further debates and inform well-considered solutions for developments in this field. The application of these lenses also brings to light the fact that all discussions about scientific developments involve a conscious or unconscious application of a lens that shapes the direction of our thinking.

scholarly journals Scientific literacy, public engagement and responsibility in science

2021 ◽  
pp. 209660832110096
Author(s):  
Daya Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Responsibility Of Scientists

This work addresses the issue of scientific literacy and its connection to the responsibility of scientists in relation to public engagement. The points of departure are, first, the notion of science as a global public good, and, second, developments in the past few decades driven largely by the digital revolution. The latter lend a particular urgency to initiatives aimed at promoting scientific literacy. Arguments are presented for reassessing approaches to public communication. The particular example of genome editing is provided as a vehicle for highlighting the challenges in engagement involving the scientific community, policymakers and broader society.

scholarly journals Standards for design and measurement would make clinical research reproducible and usable

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2590-2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Dickersin ◽  
Evan Mayo-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Research Standards ◽  
Implementation Of Standards ◽  
Design And Methods

We find standards useful in everyday life and in science, although we do not always follow them. Adopting new standards can be expensive, so there may be a strong incentive to maintain the status quo rather than adopt new standards. The scientific community has many standards encompassing both doing clinical research and reporting it, including standards for design and measurement. Although existing research standards have improved both research and its reporting, we need to unify existing standards and to fill the gaps between steps throughout the research process. Existing gaps include implementation of standards and links between standards for study registration (to know about all studies undertaken), study protocols (to identify the preplanned study design and methods), data collection (to assess outcomes that are important and comparable across studies), dissemination of findings (to know the results of previous studies), data sharing (to make best use of existing data), and evidence synthesis (to draw appropriate conclusions from the body of evidence). The scientific community must work together to harmonize existing standards, to ensure that standards are kept up to date, to check that standards are followed, and to develop standards where they are still needed. A unified system of standards will make our work more reproducible.

scholarly journals A Crisper Look at Genome Editing: RNA-guided Genome Modification

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Damian ◽  
Matthew H Porteus
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genome Modification

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas9: Role in Processing of Modular Metabolic Engineered Bio-Based Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Sharma ◽  
Tarun Kumar Kumawat ◽  
Anjali Pandit ◽  
Bhoomika Sharma ◽  
Pooja Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Metabolic Product ◽  
Modifying Genes ◽  
Genome Modification ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Genome Level

Biogenetic engineering is a significant technology to sensibly manage microbial metabolic product factories. Genome modification methods for efficiently controlling and modifying genes at the genome level have progressed in biogenetic engineering during the last decade. CRISPR is genome editing technology that allows for the modification of organisms’ genomes. CRISPR and its related RNA-guided endonuclease are versatile advanced immune system frameworks for defending against foreign DNA and RNAs. CRISPR is efficient, accessible, and trustworthy genomic modification tool in unparalleled resolution. At present, CRISPR-Cas9 method is expanded to industrially manipulate cells. Metabolically modified organisms are quickly becoming interested in the production of different bio-based components. Here, chapter explore about the control productivity of targeted biomolecules in divergent cells based on the use of different CRISPR-related Cas9.

scholarly journals Understanding knowledge and perceptions of genome editing technologies: a textual analysis of major agricultural stakeholder groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. A07
Author(s):  
Matthew Robbins ◽  
Christopher Calabrese ◽  
Jieyu Ding Featherstone ◽  
George A. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
General Public ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Genomic Editing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Message Strategies

The promise of CRISPR-Cas9 (CRISPR) genomic editing applied to agriculture is promoted widely by scientists. We utilized textual analysis methods to compare perceptions of this innovation held by various stakeholder groups — scientists, policymakers, farmers, and the general public. Results reveal distinctions in the semantic structure and concepts emphasized across groups. Scientists and policymakers exhibited a high level of technical sophistication while emphasizing the potential societal benefits, while farmers and the general public focused on perceived personal benefits and familiarity with the issue. These results will aid development of message strategies bridging the gap between the scientific community and key publics.

scholarly journals Tratamiento De COVID-19. Mitos Y Realidades Bajo La Perspectiva De La Investigación Clínica [Treatment Of COVID-19. Myths And Realities Under The Perspective Of Clinical Research]

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

<p>Resumen</p><p>La enfermedad producida por el SARS-CoV-2, conocida como COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19), ha puesto el mundo en pausa y generado una respuesta masiva de la comunidad científica en todo el mundo, buscando una cura. Sin embargo, el deseo de obtener un tratamiento nunca debe ir por encima de la rigurosidad del proceso y, desafortunadamente, cada cierto tiempo aparece alguna noticia o publicación garantizando que cierto medicamento ha demostrado dar buenos resultados. Estas conclusiones, muchas veces, distan de la realidad, cuando se analiza la investigación que sustenta dicha aseveración. En este artículo reviso la evidencia disponible a la fecha sobre los potenciales tratamientos para el COVID-19, analizando las debilidades y fortalezas de cada uno y su potencial para el futuro.</p><p>Palabras claves: COVID-19, tratamiento, hidroxicloroquina,remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectina, tocilizumab, suero convaleciente.<em></em></p><p><em>Abstract:</em></p><p><em>The disease produced by SARS-CoV-2, known as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 19), has put the world on hold and generated a massive response from the scientific community worldwide in search of a cure. However, the desire to obtain a treatment should never override the rigor of the process and unfortunately, every so often there is some news or publication guaranteeing that a certain drug has been shown to work. These conclusions are often far from the truth when the research supporting the claim is scrutinized. In this article, I review the evidence to date on potential treatments for COVID-19, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each and its potential for the future.</em></p><p><em>Key words: COVID-19, treatment, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, ivermectin, tocilizumab, convalescent sera. </em></p>

Gene Drives and Genome Modification in Nonhuman Animals: A Concern for Informed Consent?

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
JOANNA SMOLENSKI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Genome Modification ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Gene Drives

Abstract:In recent years, CRISPR-Cas9 has become one of the simplest and most cost-effective genetic engineering techniques among scientists and researchers aiming to alter genes in organisms. As Zika came to the fore as a global health crisis, many suggested the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives in mosquitoes as a possible means to prevent the transmission of the virus without the need to subject humans to risky experimental treatments. This paper suggests that using gene drives or other forms of genome editing in nonhumans (like mosquitos) for the purposes of disease prevention raises important issues about informed consent. Additionally, it examines the consequences this line of inquiry could have for the use of gene drives as a tool in public health and suggests that the guidance offered by informed consent protocols could help the scientific community deploy gene drives in a way that ensures that ongoing research is consistent with our ethical priorities.

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