scholarly journals A Very High Infection Intensity of Schistosoma mansoni in a Ugandan Lake Victoria Fishing Community Is Required for Association with Highly Prevalent Organ Related Morbidity

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edridah M. Tukahebwa ◽  
Pascal Magnussen ◽  
Henry Madsen ◽  
Narcis B. Kabatereine ◽  
Fred Nuwaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Cytokine Production in Whole Blood Cultures from a Fishing Community in an Area of High Endemicity for Schistosoma mansoni in Uganda: the Differential Effect of Parasite Worm and Egg Antigens

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Joseph ◽  
Frances M. Jones ◽  
Gachuhi Kimani ◽  
Joseph K. Mwatha ◽  
Timothy Kamau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT The human host is continuously exposed to the egg and the adult worm developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni during chronic infections with the parasite. To assess the cytokine responses induced by these different costimulating stages and how they are influenced by host age and infection intensity, whole blood samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 226 members of a Ugandan fishing community who had been resident in an area with high transmission of S. mansoni for the previous 10 years or from birth were stimulated with S. mansoni egg antigen (SEA) or worm antigen (SWA). SWA-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production increased with age, and the levels of SWA- and SEA-specific interleukin 3 (IL-3) were weakly correlated with schistosome infection intensity. The production of most cytokines was little affected by age or infection intensity but was either SEA or SWA specific. One hundred thirty-two members of the cohort coproduced IL-5 and IL-13 specifically in response to SWA, whereas only 15 produced these cytokines, and at much lower levels, in response to SEA. IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-γ were also produced in response to SWA, whereas the response to SEA consisted almost exclusively of IL-10. Our results suggest that, in contrast to what has been described for the murine model of S. mansoni and during acute human infections, chronic intense exposure to and infection with S. mansoni in this cohort resulted in very low levels of response to SEA in vitro in the presence of a vigorous and mixed Th1-Th2 response to SWA.

scholarly journals Experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni of Biomphalaria straminea from different parts of the Northeast of Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Malek ◽  
M. Z. Rouquayrol
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
The State ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Biomphalaria Straminea ◽  
Albino Strain ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Parts

In the western part of the State of Bahia Biomphalaria straminea and B. glabrata both occur, but in the majority of cases they do not share the same habitat. In the State of Ceará, however, B. straminea is the sole snail host of Schistosoma mansoni. In this survey, no naturally infected B. straminea was found among snails collected from Bahia and Ceará, evidently because of the very low infection rates. The susceptibility of laboratory-reared specimens to infection with a Puerto Rican strain of S. mansoni was then tested experimentally. In general, the snails showed very low susceptibility. The infection rates were 1.1% among snails from Redenção (Ceará); 2.3% in those from Pentecoste (Ceará); 2.9% in snails from São Desidério (Bahia), while they were very high among an albino strain (NIH) of B. glabrata used as control. Another group of B. straminea from São Desidério was exposed to a Bahian strain of S. mansoni and the infection rate was still very low (3.6%) Apparently, the very low susceptibility of B. straminea, despite high snail density, is correlated with moderate infection rates with S. mansoni among humans, as shown by the results of stool examinations conducted by SUCAM in the municipalities of Redenção and Pentecoste, in Ceará.

Schistosoma mansoni morbidity among adults in two villages along Lake Victoria shores in Mwanza District, Tanzania

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wabyahe L.M. Malenganisho ◽  
Pascal Magnussen ◽  
Henrik Friis ◽  
Julius Siza ◽  
Godfrey Kaatano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Lake Victoria

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of periportal fibrosis and Schistosoma mansoni infection among school-aged children in a hard-to-reach area of Madagascar

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Hannah J Russell ◽  
James M StJ Penney ◽  
Cortland Linder ◽  
Elizabeth C Joekes ◽  
Amaya L Bustinduy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Sonographic Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Periportal Fibrosis ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background A cross-sectional survey was performed to estimate the prevalence of periportal fibrosis in children based on ultrasound examination in the Marolambo district of the Atsinanana region of Madagascar. This is a remote area known to have a high prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis. Methods School-aged children (5–14 y) were selected from six villages for parasitological and sonographic examination. Circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) tests and Kato Katz (KK) stool microscopy were performed. Video-clips of liver views were recorded with a SonoSite iViz and interpreted in the UK by comparison with standardised images (WHO protocol). Results The prevalence of schistosomiasis according to CCA testing was 97.8% (269/275) and 73.8% (203/275) by KK. Sonographic evidence of periportal fibrosis was observed in 11.3% (31/275). The youngest children with fibrosis were aged 6 y. Fibrosis was more common in older children (p=0.03) but was not associated with either infection intensity category (p=0.07) or gender (p=0.67). Conclusions Findings of periportal fibrosis among children in these hard-to-reach villages suggests chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection from a very young age. This may reflect other similarly remote schistosomiasis-endemic areas and reinforces the need to investigate morbidity in neglected communities to understand the true extent of disease burden in endemic countries.

scholarly journals Egg excretion in the initial phase of experimental murine schistosomiasis mansoni: stability and association with worm burden

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Lunardi Rocha ◽  
Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha ◽  
Ênio Roberto Pietra Pedroso ◽  
Enrico Antônio Colosimo ◽  
Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Schistosomiasis Mansoni

Stability of faecal egg excretion and correlation with results related to worm burden at the initial phase of schistosomiasis mansoni were observed in two groups of mice infected with different Schistosoma mansoni cercarial burdens, by means of analysis of quantitative parasitological studies and schistosome counts after perfusion. Thus, it may be stated that few quantitative parasitological stool examinations could be sufficient to express the infection intensity at the initial phase, on the same grounds that it was already demonstrated at the chronic phase. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the use of the number of eggs passed in the faeces as a tool to estimate the worm burden at the initial phase of schistosome infection is adequate.

scholarly journals Response of Lithuanian Winter Wheat Advanced Lines to Common Bunt (Tilletia tritici (BJERK.) WINT)

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Vytautas Ruzgas ◽  
Žilvinas Liatukas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Very High

Response of Lithuanian Winter Wheat Advanced Lines to Common Bunt (Tilletia tritici (BJERK.) WINT) The study was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in an artificially inoculated nursery during 2006-2007. Resistance to common bunt in 2006 was tested for 71, in 2007 for 118 breeding lines of Lithuanian winter wheat from the competitive trial nursery. Additionally, 148 promising lines were selected and tested from the check nursery, which possessed some resistance in their pedigree ancestors. The average disease incidence in 2006 and 2007 was 80.9 and 63.5%, respectively. The very high infection level highlighted the genotypes with the most effective resistance under conditions highly favourable for common bunt. There were no lines without infected ears. Among the 29 breeding lines tested in the two years, two lines Bill/Aspirant and Dream/Lut.9329 were infected the least, 17.2% and 1.9% in 2006 and 18.5% and 7.8% in 2007, respectively. Most of the breeding lines were highly susceptible. Lines with disease incidence over 50% accounted for over 90% in 2006 and 80% in 2007 of the total lines tested. The most resistant lines had in their pedigrees the following resistance sources: genotypes Bill, Lut.9329, Strumok, Lut.9313, Lut.9358, Tommi as well as Dream, Haldor, 91002G2.1, 96/101, Bezenchiukskaya380.

scholarly journals Microgeographical and tribal variations in water contact and Schistosoma mansoni exposure within a Ugandan fishing community

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pinot De Moira ◽  
Anthony J. C. Fulford ◽  
Narcis B. Kabatereine ◽  
Francis Kazibwe ◽  
John H. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Water Contact
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