scholarly journals Response of Lithuanian Winter Wheat Advanced Lines to Common Bunt (Tilletia tritici (BJERK.) WINT)

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Vytautas Ruzgas ◽  
Žilvinas Liatukas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Very High

Response of Lithuanian Winter Wheat Advanced Lines to Common Bunt (Tilletia tritici (BJERK.) WINT) The study was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in an artificially inoculated nursery during 2006-2007. Resistance to common bunt in 2006 was tested for 71, in 2007 for 118 breeding lines of Lithuanian winter wheat from the competitive trial nursery. Additionally, 148 promising lines were selected and tested from the check nursery, which possessed some resistance in their pedigree ancestors. The average disease incidence in 2006 and 2007 was 80.9 and 63.5%, respectively. The very high infection level highlighted the genotypes with the most effective resistance under conditions highly favourable for common bunt. There were no lines without infected ears. Among the 29 breeding lines tested in the two years, two lines Bill/Aspirant and Dream/Lut.9329 were infected the least, 17.2% and 1.9% in 2006 and 18.5% and 7.8% in 2007, respectively. Most of the breeding lines were highly susceptible. Lines with disease incidence over 50% accounted for over 90% in 2006 and 80% in 2007 of the total lines tested. The most resistant lines had in their pedigrees the following resistance sources: genotypes Bill, Lut.9329, Strumok, Lut.9313, Lut.9358, Tommi as well as Dream, Haldor, 91002G2.1, 96/101, Bezenchiukskaya380.

Seeding date and location affect winter wheat infection by common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) in western Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet ◽  
B. J. Puchalski ◽  
T. Despins ◽  
C. McCartney ◽  
J. G. Menzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Gaudet, D. A., Puchalski, B. J., Despins, T., McCartney, C., Menzies, J. G. and Graf, R. J. 2013. Seeding date and location affect winter wheat infection by common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 483–489. The majority of western Canadian winter wheat varieties are susceptible to common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) and the risk to production, particularly in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, where the majority of production occurs, is unknown. Inoculated trials were employed to determine the effects of fall seeding date on bunt infection levels on one resistant and two susceptible winter wheat varieties at three locations in western Canada during three growing seasons from 2007/2008 to 2009/2010. Among the three locations, average infection levels were highest in Lethbridge, AB, followed by Glenlea, MB, and Saskatoon, SK. Later seeding resulted in high infection levels at all three locations in the susceptible varieties, particularly in Lethbridge, but high infection levels were observed in the earliest seeded treatments at both the Saskatchewan and Manitoba locations. The resistant variety Blizzard consistently exhibited infection levels of less than 3% infection across all environments. In a second test at conducted at Lethbridge, 10 of the 11 currently grown winter wheat varieties were susceptible to common bunt. These results indicate that there is a general risk of common bunt infection to winter wheat production across western Canada and that control measures must be taken until resistant varieties are developed.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Septoria tritici blotch in 1994-1996

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Czesław Zamorski ◽  
Bogdan Nowicki ◽  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Very High

The aim of the work was to study an occurrence and intensity of septoria tritici blotch on wheat in different regions of Poland as well as reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to infection by <em>Mycosphaerella graminicola</em> (Fuckel) Schroeter (an. <em>Septoria tritici</em> ( Rob. ex Desm .) under field conditions. Observation conducted during 1994-1996 indicated on occurrence of septoria tritici blotch each year and on important infection degree of winter wheat by <em>Mycosphaerella gruminicola</em> in some regions of the country. The highest infection was noted in 1995 and the lowest in 1994. Infection degree for majority of cultivars was quite high. Some cultivars and lines were characterized by very high infection. Among them were the old (Kujawianka Więcławska and Wysokolitewka Sztywnosłoma) and the newest (Tercja) cultivars. On some old cultivars (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) even no traces of infection were observed although favourable weather condition existance and the presence of neighbourhood diseased plants. Field observation of cultivars and breeding lines showed different reaction of tested wheat genotypes to <em>Mycosphaerella graminicola</em> infection.

scholarly journals Tolerance to Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Lithuanian Winter Wheat Advanced Lines

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Vytautas Ruzgas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cumulative Index ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Plant Growth Chamber

Tolerance to Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Lithuanian Winter Wheat Advanced Lines Tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting of winter wheat advanced breeding lines was evaluated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in 2005 and 2006. The tests were conducted with intact ears germinated in plastic boxes on wet filter paper in a plant growth chamber. A total of 131 breeding lines were tested during the experimental period. The experiment revealed that sprouting cumulative index (SCI) characterises resistance of lines to pre-harvest sprouting more precisely than sprouting final score (SFS). The SFS ranged from 4.3 to 9.0 in 2005 and from 5.4 to 9.0 in 2006. The SCI value was 0.14-1.0 in both years. Lines in 2005 were more susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting than those in 2006. The most resistant were found to be the lines Flair/Asketis, Torfrida/Beaver//Tarso, Širvinta1/LIA3480, while the most susceptible ones were Elena/Flair, Mermaid/Alidos, Flair/Lut.96-3 in 2005. In 2006, the most resistant lines were Pegassos/Dream, Belisar/Briz, Lars/Lut.96-3 and the most susceptible were Rostovchanka/Lut.96-3, Rector/Briz, Rostovchanka/Flair. The SFS of resistant lines was up to score 6 and the SCI value reached 0.3 in both years. The SFS of susceptible lines was 9.0 and the SCI value more than 0.9 in both years.

Yield and Market Quality of Seven Peanut Genotypes as Affected By Leafspot Disease and Harvest Date1

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knauft ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
A. J. Norden
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract The effects of leafspot disease (causal organisms Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton) on the yield and market quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) must be understood to more accurately assess genetic potential of breeding lines. Seven peanut genotypes were grown without fungicide application at two locations, Gainesville and Marianna FL, for three years and harvested at three biweekly dates. Consistent pod yields near 5000 kg ha-1 were obtained for leafspot resistant breeding line 94 at Marianna when it was harvested later than 142 days after planting (DAP). Other resistant lines also reached maximum production at late harvests, even though disease incidence increased for all resistant lines. Highest yields of susceptible lines occurred ca. 120 DAP, with the susceptible cultivar Florunner producing over 3400 kg ha-1 at Marianna. Although disease pressure on the susceptible lines was heavy at 120 DAP, pod yields did not decline until later harvests, indicating that a major effect of the leafspot disease was the loss of pods already produced. Increased disease pressure was poorly correlation with seed size or total sound mature kernels in either resistant or susceptible lines.

scholarly journals Reaction of a Bean Germplasm Collection Against Five Races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Identified in Northern Spain and Implications for Breeding

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Ferreira ◽  
Ana Campa ◽  
Elena Pérez-Vega ◽  
Ramón Giraldez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Seed Phenotype

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the most serious diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The pathogenic variability of this fungus in northern Spain and the response of a bean germplasm collection maintained at Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain) were screened in order to identify potential resistance sources. Races 3, 6, 19, 38, and 102 were identified from 55 isolates collected in this area, race 38 being the most common one. In all, 246 landraces and 42 lines derived from breeding programs were evaluated in search of resistant lines. No local accession showed adequate resistance to the five races. However, three local accessions were resistant to four races and presented intermediate or mixed reactions against the fifth one: accession V225, with a large great northern seed phenotype (R3R6I38R102R19); accession V369, with a great northern seed phenotype (R3R6R38R102R/S19); and accession V309, with a navy seed phenotype (R3R6R38R/S102R19). The results revealed a wide variation in the resistance spectra or resistance combinations, although not all the possible resistance spectra were present in the evaluated accessions. Among the breeding lines, nine materials were resistant to five races and three lines (A252, A321, and A493) were selected as resistance sources to transfer genetic resistance to Andecha bean cultivar. The results indicated that lines A252 and A321 have two dominant and independent genes involved in the resistance to race 38 whereas line A493 has a single locus.

Pathogens of the spruce bark beetles Ips typographus and Ips duplicatus

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Holusa ◽  
Jaroslav Weiser ◽  
Zdenek Zizka
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Ips Duplicatus ◽  
Very High

AbstractPathogens of two important bark beetles, Ips typographus and Ips duplicatus, both in outbreaks connected with infestation of spruces by the fungus Armillaria ostoyae, were compared at four localities in the eastern Czech Republic. Low infestations of Chytridiopsis typographi, Nosema typographi, Menzbieria chalcographi, and Gregarina typographi were detected in I. typographus. In I. duplicatus, only C. typographi and G. typographi were found and with low infection levels. The microsporidium, Larssoniella duplicati, was not detected in I. typographus, but was detected in I. duplicatus at all localities in almost 80% of the samples (a sample consisted of 40–50 beetles collected at one locality in one period) and often with a very high infection level (up to 57% of the beetles infected in a sample). The infection level of L. duplicati did not differ between generations of I. duplicatus. I. duplicatus overwinters mainly in the adult stage, and no decrease in the number of infected overwintering I. duplicatus was observed. The relatively constant infection level of L. duplicati suggests that transmission is unlikely to be horizontal via oral ingestion.

scholarly journals Common Bunt Resistance of Winter Wheat Genotypes Under Artificial Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuttymurat Tagayev ◽  
Aleksey Morgounov ◽  
Minura Yessimbekova ◽  
Aigul Abugalieya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
High Level

Common bunt (Tilletia caries) is a seed-transmitted fungal disease in wheat. The resistant cultivars and germplasm lines of wheat will be useful for control this type of disease in organic farming. A set of 75 wheat cultivars and lines from International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) of Turkey were used to determine resistance to common bunt. The experiment was carried out at the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and experimental material was grown in an artificially inoculated nursery during the 2016-2017 season. The productivity of wheat genotypes under artificial infection ranged from 1.13 t/ha to 7.29 t/ha. The susceptible check to common bunt, GEREK 79 had a high level of susceptibility to common bunt with 59.7% infected heads. The high mean disease incidence in the nursery was 74.4%. Sixteen genotypes were resistant to disease under artificial inoculation. Out of 75 wheat cutivars, 42 wheat genotypes (56% of all genotypes) were classified as moderate resistance to disease. Identified resistance genotypes will be useful for breeding programs for forming resistance cultivars to common bunt in Kazakhstan.   

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