scholarly journals Pathological Changes in the White Matter after Spinal Contusion Injury in the Rat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e43484 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Joakim Ek ◽  
Mark D. Habgood ◽  
Ross Dennis ◽  
Katarzyna M. Dziegielewska ◽  
Carina Mallard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Contusion Injury ◽  
Spinal Contusion

Cognitive dysfunctions associated with white matter damage due to cardiovascular burden – determinants and interpretations

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Krukow
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Dynamic Aspect ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Considerable Research

AbstractAlthough considerable research has been devoted to cognitive functions deteriorating due to diseases of cardiovascular system, rather less attention has been paid to their theoretical background. Progressive vascular disorders as hypertension, atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis generate most of all pathological changes in the white matter, that cause specific cognitive disorder: disconnection syndromes, and disturbances in the dynamic aspect of information processing. These features made neuropsychological disorders secondary to cardiovascular diseases different than the effects of cerebral cortex damage, which may be interpreted modularly.

Normal-appearing white matter changes in multiple sclerosis: the contribution of magnetic resonance techniques

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Filippi ◽  
Carla Tortorella ◽  
Marco Bozzali
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Several magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have proved to be sensitive enough to detect the subtle pathological changes that post-mortem studies showed to occur in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although these abnormalities can be detected in other neurological conditions, they seem to be more frequent and diffuse in MS. However, the contribution of NAWM changes to the diagnosis is still unclear. Their nature is also unknown and perhaps differs in different phases and clinical manifestations of the disease. Nevertheless, the extent and severity of NAWM damage seems to be relevant in causing disability and influencing the clinical evolution in MS patients. This review will summarize the present knowledge about MR-detected NAWM changes in MS and their relevance to the diagnosis and the understanding of disease evolution.

scholarly journals White Matter Changes on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the FINGER Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Ruth Stephen ◽  
Alina Solomon ◽  
Tiia Ngandu ◽  
Esko Levälahti ◽  
Juha O. Rinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Multidomain Intervention

Background: Early pathological changes in white matter microstructure can be studied using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). It is not only important to study these subtle pathological changes leading to cognitive decline, but also to ascertain how an intervention would impact the white matter microstructure and cognition in persons at-risk of dementia. Objectives: To study the impact of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on white matter and cognitive changes during the 2-year Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), a randomized controlled trial in at-risk older individuals (age 60–77 years) from the general population. Methods: This exploratory study consisted of a subsample of 60 FINGER participants. Participants were randomized to either a multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk management, n = 34) or control group (general health advice, n = 26). All underwent baseline and 2-year brain DTI. Changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), diffusivity along domain (F1) and non-domain (F2) diffusion orientations, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), radial diffusivity (RD), and their correlations with cognitive changes during the 2-year multidomain intervention were analyzed. Results: FA decreased, and cognition improved more in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), with no significant intergroup differences for changes in F1, F2, MD, AxD, or RD. The cognitive changes were significantly positively related to FA change, and negatively related to RD change in the control group, but not in the intervention group. Conclusion: The 2-year multidomain FINGER intervention may modulate white matter microstructural alterations.

Pathological findings in acute experimental spinal cord trauma

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Ducker ◽  
Glenn W. Kindt ◽  
Ludwig G. Kempe
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Spinal Cord Trauma ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acute Trauma ◽  
Central Gray ◽  
Fine Print

✓ This study shows that spinal cord pathology secondary to acute trauma in monkeys evolves with stepwise sequential changes. The acute damage is more central than peripheral. Depending on the amount of trauma, the subacute damage may be limited to central gray necrosis or may progress or evolve to include the neighboring white matter. These pathological changes may be taking place even in the presence of clinical improvement.

scholarly journals Hemiballism-hemichorea Induced by Subcortical Ischemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukhi Toshiya ◽  
Hasegawa YuKihiro ◽  
Seriyama Shinya ◽  
Takeuchi Toru ◽  
Sugita Koujiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Involuntary Movements

ABSTRACT:Four patients presented with hemiballism-hemichorea as a clinical manifestation of white matter ischemia. These patients illustrate “positive” motor phenomena rather than limb weakness as a consequence of cerebral ischemia. In each patient, the involuntary movements disappeared following worsening of paresis. Subcortical white matter infarction in three patients and hemodynamic hypo-perfusion in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to dyskinetic movements were possible causes. Neuroradiologically, none had pathological changes in the vicinity of the subthalamic nucleus. We presume from these observations that ischemia of the subcortical white matter, without involvement of the basal ganglia or the subthalamic nucleus, may cause hemiballism-hemichorea

Examining the effects of pain on morphine self-administration following a spinal contusion injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. S51
Author(s):  
S. Woller ◽  
J. Malik ◽  
M. Aceves ◽  
P. Wellman ◽  
M. Hook
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Contusion Injury ◽  
Spinal Contusion

scholarly journals Alterations in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression occur both at and far from the site of spinal contusion injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Andrews ◽  
Rebekah J. Richards ◽  
Feng Q. Yin ◽  
Mariano S. Viapiano ◽  
Lyn B. Jakeman
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Contusion Injury ◽  
Spinal Contusion

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Injury Causes Reduction of Galanin and Gastrin Releasing Peptide mRNA Expression in the Spinal Ejaculation Generator of Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Wiggins ◽  
Jonathan E. Sledd ◽  
Lique M. Coolen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Contusion Injury ◽  
Spinal Contusion ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Injury Causes

Spinal cord injury (SCI) in men is commonly associated with sexual dysfunction, including anejaculation, and chronic mid-thoracic contusion injury in male rats also impairs ejaculatory reflexes. Ejaculation is controlled by a spinal ejaculation generator consisting of a population of lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) neurons that control ejaculation through release of four neuropeptides including galanin and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) onto lumbar and sacral autonomic and motor nuclei. It was recently demonstrated that spinal contusion injury in male rats caused reduction of GRP-immunoreactivity, but not galanin-immunoreactivity in LSt cells, indicative of reduced GRP peptide levels, but inconclusive results for galanin. The current study further tests the hypothesis that contusion injury causes a disruption of GRP and galanin mRNA in LSt cells. Male rats received mid-thoracic contusion injury and galanin and GRP mRNA were visualized 8 weeks later in the lumbar spinal cord using fluorescent in situ hybridization. Spinal cord injury significantly reduced GRP and galanin mRNA in LSt cells. Galanin expression was higher in LSt cells compared to GRP. However, expression of the two transcripts were positively correlated in LSt cells in both sham and SCI animals, suggesting that expression for the two neuropeptides may be co-regulated. Immunofluorescent visualization of galanin and GRP peptides demonstrated a significant reduction in GRP-immunoreactivity, but not galanin in LSt cells, confirming the previous observations. In conclusion, SCI reduced GRP and galanin expression in LSt cells with an apparent greater impact on GRP peptide levels. GRP and galanin are both essential for triggering ejaculation and thus such reduction may contribute to ejaculatory dysfunction following SCI in rats.

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