Psychometric Evaluation of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale for Patients with Mental Illnesses: Measurement Invariance across Time

IntroductionStigma is a multistage process that makes person marked by the stigma to be perceived as diminished or even as “not fully human”. The internalized stigmatization is seen as one of the levels of stigma to be present in persons with mental illness. A new perspective to mediation models between internalized stigma and illness-related factors is needed.AimTo assess the relationship between insight in mental illness and internalized stigma, as well to verify the knowledge of illness-related factors on the phenomenon of internalized stigma among patients with severe mental illnesses.MethodsA cross-sectional study design conducted among participants of both sexes between 18 years old and 65 years old with diagnosis of psychotic disorders (F20–29) and mood disorders (F30–39), who after reading the information about the study, give their written consent to participate. Among used methods were: a questionnaire of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) by Ritsher [Boyed] et al. translated into Polish version and self-prepared interviews. Insight into mental illness was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.ResultsThe preliminary results showed patients with the insight into the mental illness have significantly higher scores on the ISMI scale. Moreover, inpatient participants and those with the diagnosis of depression were characterized by higher level of stereotype endorsement compared with outpatients and psychotic patients.ConclusionsThe obtained results may contribute in the clinical and therapeutic fields, assuming that insight and the type of treatment are strongly linked with the process of recovery and the internalized stigma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Internal structure and reliability of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI-29) and Brief Versions (ISMI-10, ISMI-9) among Americans with depression.

Stigma and Health ◽

10.1037/sah0000049 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 159-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joseph H. Hammer ◽

Michael D. Toland

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness

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Supplemental Material for Correlates and Consequences of Internalized Stigma Assessed Through the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale for People Living With Mental Illness: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis From 2010

Stigma and Health ◽

10.1037/sah0000267.supp ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness

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Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness and Its Relation with Self- Esteem and Social Support among Psychiatric Patients

Evidence-Based Nursing Research ◽

10.47104/ebnrojs3.v1i3.50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Amany A. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Stigma Score ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness

Context: Mentally ill patients challenging dual difficulties that are illness and stigma. Internalized stigma viewed as maladaptive psychosocial phenomena that can affect all aspects of mentally ill patient life. Aim: The current study emerged aiming to assess internalized stigma of mental illness and its relation with self-esteem and social support among psychiatric patients. Methods: Descriptive research design used to achieve the aim of this study. A convenience sample of one hundred hospitalized psychiatric patients recruited for the study from inpatient units of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Hospital in Minia governorate. The data collection tools included socio-demographic and clinical data questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: The findings show that less than half of patients have a severe level of total internalized stigma score. There is a highly significant correlation between overall internalized stigma score and its all subscales with self-esteem and social support. Conclusions: Internalized stigma level was high among psychiatric patients. A significant negative correlation found between total internalized stigma score with self-esteem and social support of the studied patients. The study recommended further studies regarding educational interventions to raise awareness and decrease internalized stigma among patient with mental illness. Besides, providing support for patient and families of mentally ill patients to promote their capacity to manage and cope with stigma.

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Validity and Reliability of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (Cantonese)

Research on Social Work Practice ◽

10.1177/1049731515576209 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Daniel Kim-Wan Young ◽

Petrus Y. N. Ng ◽

Jia-Yan Pan ◽

Daphne Cheng

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Chinese Consumers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Five Factors ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness

Purpose: This study aims to translate and test the reliability and validity of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness-Cantonese (ISMI-C). Methods: The original English version of ISMI is translated into the ISMI-C by going through forward and backward translation procedure. A cross-sectional research design is adopted that involved 295 participants randomly drawn from a population of Chinese consumers participated in different kinds of community-based mental health services. Results: Results show that the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the ISMI-C is .93. With regard to validity test, the ISMI-C shows significant and negative correlation with measures on self-esteem and quality of life. Also, an explorative factor analysis yields five factors that are consistent with previous research results. Discussion: This study shows that the ISMI-C is a reliable and valid measure. ISMI-C can facilitate the development of interventions in reducing self-stigma for people with mental illness across Chinese societies.

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Brief version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: Psychometric properties and relationship to depression, self esteem, recovery orientation, empowerment, and perceived devaluation and discrimination.

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.1037/prj0000035 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 17-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Jennifer E. Boyd ◽

Poorni G. Otilingam ◽

Bruce R. DeForge

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

Recovery Orientation ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness

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Evaluation of self-esteem with internalized stigmatization in the patients with mentally illness

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72168-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 461-461

Author(s):

I. Keser ◽

N. Saygin ◽

S. Turkan ◽

B. Kulaksizoglu ◽

K. Buldukoglu

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Middle Level ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Internalized Stigma ◽

The People ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽

Recurrent Hospitalization ◽

The Relationship ◽

Specific Education

IntroductionInternalized stigmatization means a internalized reaction in the person with mentally illness as a answer against the people reject and discrimination.ObjectiveThe peoples with mentally illness believe that most people reject and devalue people with mental illnesses, they may suffer a number of negative outcomes, such as demoralization, lowered self-esteem.AimThe aim of our study was to identify the relationship between the factors effecting the internalized stigmatization and self-esteem among patients with mentally illness.MethodsIn this study, we measured the prevalence of internalized stigma among 115 outpatients referring to the Psychiatry Service of Antalya Education and Research Hospital between 2009–2010 using Rosenberg Self-Esteem(SE) Scale, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness(ISMI) Scale, and Personel Datasheet.ResultsOf the patients, 53.9% had middle level of SE and the 22.00–70.00 ranging of ISMI, 30.4% of the patients were found to be 21–30 years-old. We found the increase of ISMI when SE was decreased in both of gender(p = 0.01, r = -0.67) and it was also found to be decreased of ISMI when the education level was increased in the patients(p = 0.004,r = -0.27). Recurrent hospitalization of the patients increased their ISMI points(p = 0.014, r = 0.23). There was no statistical relation between the living place of the patients and their ISMI points(p = 0.523).ConclusionsOur results suggest that some factors effected internalized stigma and showed the relationship between the internalized stigmatization and self-esteem among patients with mentally illness. To decrease and prevent internalized stigmatization, a specific education should be provided to patients, families and society by health professionals.

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