Complex-to-Predict Generational Shift between Nested and Clustered Organization of Individual Prey Networks in Digger Wasps

Four methods were used to document the diet of cheetahs: incidental observations, radio tracking, tracking, spoor, and continuous follows. A combination of continuous follows and tracking spoor gave the best results. Steenbok were the most frequently killed species, but they did not dominate the diet in the same way as Thomson’s gazelle do in the Serengeti. Coalition males have a different diet profile from single males, single females, females with cubs, and sibling groups. For all but single males, the relative occurrence of prey species in the diet reflected its dietary importance in terms of kilograms of meat obtained. Gemsbok calves and adult ostrich were important prey for coalition males and springhares were important for single males. Three individual prey specializations for females were found; namely springbok specialists, steenbok/duiker specialists, and intermediates. Contrary to an earlier study, springbok were not found to be the most important prey species.

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Three-dimensional predator–prey interactions: a computer simulation of bird flocks and aircraft

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z86-381 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (11) ◽

pp. 2624-2633 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter F. Major ◽

Lawrence M. Dill ◽

David M. Eaves

Keyword(s):

Computer Simulation ◽

Prey Species ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Aircraft Engine ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Aircraft Engines ◽

Predator Prey ◽

Simulation Techniques ◽

Computer Simulation Techniques ◽

Individual Prey

Three-dimensional interactions between grouped aerial predators (frontal discs of aircraft engines), either linearly arrayed or clustered, and flocks of small birds were studied using interactive computer simulation techniques. Each predator modelled was orders of magnitude larger than an individual prey, but the prey flock was larger than each predator. Expected numbers of individual prey captured from flocks were determined for various predator speeds and trajectories, flock–predator initial distances and angles, and flock sizes, shapes, densities, trajectories, and speeds. Generally, larger predators and clustered predators caught more prey. The simulation techniques employed in this study may also prove useful in studies of predator–prey interactions between schools or swarms of small aquatic prey species and their much larger vertebrate predators, such as mysticete cetaceans.The study also provides a method to study problems associated with turbine aircraft engine damage caused by the ingestion of small flocking birds, as well as net sampling of organisms in open aquatic environments.

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The Year 1979 as a Turning Point in Syrian Theatre: From Politicization to Critical Humanism

Re-Configurations - Politik und Gesellschaft des Nahen Ostens ◽

10.1007/978-3-658-31160-5_18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 277-287

Author(s):

Friederike Pannewick

Keyword(s):

Turning Point ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Gender Issues ◽

Political Theater ◽

Peace Treaty ◽

Political Art ◽

Generational Shift ◽

Specific Individual ◽

And Gender ◽

Psychological Studies

Abstract This chapter investigates a crucial turning point in the writing of Syrian dramatist Saadallah Wannous (1941–1997) in the late 1970s. This internationally acclaimed author belonged to a generation of Arab intellectuals and artists whose political and artistic identities were strongly shaped by the question of Palestine. After the Camp David Accords of 1978 and the resulting Egypt-Israel peace treaty, signed in 1979, Wannous attempted suicide and stopped writing plays for more than ten years. This chapter shows how the plays he published after this self-imposed silence moved away from a didactic, political theater and towards psychological studies focusing on individuals as well as minority and gender issues. This chapter asks whether the significant aesthetic and conceptual turn in Wannous’s work from the early 1990s onwards might go beyond the concerns of a specific individual artist. To what extent does it mark a generational shift in regard to the meaning and connotations of political art?

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Queen’s Gambit Declined: The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Participation Across 160 Countries

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/09567976211034806 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 095679762110348

Author(s):

Allon Vishkin

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Science Technology ◽

Generational Shift ◽

Age Range ◽

Curvilinear Effect

The gender-equality paradox refers to the puzzling finding that societies with more gender equality demonstrate larger gender differences across a range of phenomena, most notably in the proportion of women who pursue degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math. The present investigation demonstrates across two different measures of gender equality that this paradox extends to chess participation ( N = 803,485 across 160 countries; age range: 3–100 years), specifically that women participate more often in countries with less gender equality. Previous explanations for the paradox fail to account for this finding. Instead, consistent with the notion that gender equality reflects a generational shift, mediation analyses suggest that the gender-equality paradox in chess is driven by the greater participation of younger players in countries with less gender equality. A curvilinear effect of gender equality on the participation of female players was also found, demonstrating that gender differences in chess participation are largest at the highest and lowest ends of the gender-equality spectrum.

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“What if it is actually true?”

Nova Religio The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions ◽

10.1525/nr.2017.20.3.74 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 74-100

Author(s):

Joanna Urbańczyk

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Spiritual Development ◽

General Characteristic ◽

Religious Movement ◽

Religious Movements ◽

New Religious Movements ◽

Common Elements ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Generational Shift ◽

Former Soviet Republics

The Siberian community of Vissarion (Last Testament Church) is a new religious movement established at the beginning of 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Among its members (estimated at several thousand), who come mainly from Russia and former Soviet republics, there is also a large group of Vissarion’s followers from Eastern Europe. In this article, I present a general characteristic of the movement and four stories from adherents. I indicate common elements in their narratives of coming to and living in the community, such as belief in continuing spiritual development, the importance of living close to nature, the focus on feelings, and concern for future generations. I also point out a “generational shift” among members of the importance of the breakup of the Soviet Union and suggest the need for scholarly consideration of its decreasing significance for adherents of new religious movements in the post-socialist region.

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Filial Descent: The African Roots of Postcolonial Literature in Italy

Forum for Modern Language Studies ◽

10.1093/fmls/cqz058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 66-77

Author(s):

Cristina Lombardi-Diop

Keyword(s):

Strong Influence ◽

African Descent ◽

Literary Tradition ◽

Postcolonial Literature ◽

African Literature ◽

Horn Of Africa ◽

Black African ◽

Cultural Autonomy ◽

Generational Shift ◽

Narrative Forms

Abstract The essay concentrates on two seminal postcolonial novels by authors of African descent: Cristina Ubax Ali Farah’s Madre piccola (2007) (Little Mother: A Novel) and Gabriella Ghermandi’s Regina di fiori e di perle (2007) (Queen of Flowers and Pearls). It argues that these works give expression to an African diasporic urban generation that is changing the literary legacy of the Horn of Africa. The co-presence of multiple genres, with orality appearing as a strong influence on their written narrative forms, places these novels within the larger formation of a black African literary tradition. By looking at these two novels from an Africanist perspective, the essay takes into consideration their plurilingual interventions, the use of glossaries and linguistic borrowings, alongside the presence of Somali and Amharic cultural references. It highlights the authorial perspective as a ‘filial descent’ that addresses the complexity of a postcolonial generational shift in contemporary African literature. By placing these works within an African literary tradition and showing their critical de-centring of this tradition, the essay reconfigures a possible space of cultural autonomy for African postcolonial writing, away from the Italocentric space of discourse that has so far dominated its critical reception in Italy.

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