Common Mental Disorder Symptoms among Patients with Malaria Attending Primary Care in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background. Primary care attenders with a common mental disorder (CMD) frequently present with somatic symptoms. This study aimed to examine somatic and psychological models of CMD in primary care attenders in India.Methods. Cross-sectional survey of attenders at two primary care clinics. Psychiatric caseness was determined on three criteria: standardized psychiatric interview (biomedical criterion), patients' self-assessment of emotional disorder (emic criterion) and health care provider diagnosis. The GHQ-12 and the PPQ, which emphasize psychological and somatic symptoms respectively, were used as screening instruments.Results. Although somatic symptoms were the presenting complaints for 97% of subjects, 51% of subjects with a biomedically defined CMD had a psychological illness attribution. Patients with psychological attributions were more likely to be women, to have a longer duration of illness, to have higher CISR scores and were more likely to be recognized by the primary health care (PHC) physician. The GHQ-12 was superior to the PPQ in identifying cases of CMD against the biomedical criterion for both psychologizers and somatizers; both instruments performed equally well against the emic and care provider criteria.Conclusions. Psychological models may be acquired by patients as CMD becomes more chronic or severe, making them more likely to be detected by PHC physicians. Psychological symptoms are superior to somatic symptoms in detecting CMD. Shorter versions of the GHQ have comparable discriminating abilities to the 12-item version and offer the practical advantage of brevity, which may make them more acceptable to PHC physicians as a clinical screening tool.

Download Full-text

Adjustment disorders in primary care: prevalence, recognition and use of services

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096305 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 201 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Anna Fernández ◽

Juan M. Mendive ◽

Luis Salvador-Carulla ◽

María Rubio-Valera ◽

Juan Vicente Luciano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Adjustment Disorder ◽

Adjustment Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Use Of Services ◽

Axis I

BackgroundWithin the ICD and DSM review processes there is growing debate on the future classification and status of adjustment disorders, even though evidence on this clinical entity is scant, particularly outside specialised care.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of adjustment disorders in primary care; to explore whether there are differences between primary care patients with adjustment disorders and those with other mental disorders; and to describe the recognition and treatment of adjustment disorders by general practitioners (GPs).MethodParticipants were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 3815 patients from 77 primary healthcare centres in Catalonia. The prevalence of current adjustment disorders and subtypes were assessed face to face using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Multilevel logistic regressions were conducted to assess differences between adjustment disorders and other mental disorders. Recognition and treatment of adjustment disorders by GPs were assessed through a review of patients' computerised clinical histories.ResultsThe prevalence of adjustment disorders was 2.94%. Patients with adjustment disorders had higher mental quality-of-life scores than patients with major depressive disorder but lower than patients without mental disorder. Self-perceived stress was also higher in adjustment disorders compared with those with anxiety disorders and those without mental disorder. Recognition of adjustment disorders by GPs was low: only 2 of the 110 cases identified using the SCID-I were detected by the GP. Among those with adjustment disorders, 37% had at least one psychotropic prescription.ConclusionsAdjustment disorder shows a distinct profile as an intermediate category between no mental disorder and affective disorders (depression and anxiety disorders).

Download Full-text

Symptoms of common mental disorder and cognitive associations with seropositivity among a cohort of people coming for testing for HIV/AIDS in Goa, India: a cross-sectional survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-13-204 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rosie Mayston ◽

Vikram Patel ◽

Melanie Abas ◽

Priya Korgaonkar ◽

Ramesh Paranjape ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Aids

Download Full-text

Mental health and quality of residential environment

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039438 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 191 (6) ◽

pp. 500-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Hollie Thomas ◽

Nikki Weaver ◽

Joanne Patterson ◽

Phil Jones ◽

Truda Bell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Residential Environment ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Level ◽

Geographical Accessibility ◽

Unexplained Variation

BackgroundThere is increasing interest in the proposition that residential environment can affect mental health.AimsTo study the degree to which common mental disorder clusters according to postcode units and households. To investigate whether contextual measures of residential environment quality and geographical accessibility are associated with symptoms of common mental disorder.MethodA total of 1058 individuals aged 16–75 years (response rate 66%) participated in a cross-sectional survey The 12-item General Health Questionnaire measured symptoms of common mental disorder.ResultsOnly 2% (95% CI 0–6) of the unexplained variation in symptoms existed at postcode unit level, whereas 37% (95% CI 27–49) existed at household-level, but the postcode unit variation was reduced to zero after adjustments. There was little evidence to suggest that residential quality or accessibility were associated with symptoms.ConclusionsThere was substantial unexplained variation at the household level but we could find no evidence of postcode unit variation and no association with residential environmental quality or geographical accessibility. It is likely that the psychosocial environment is more important than the physical environment in relation to common mental disorder.

Download Full-text

Association of common mental disorder symptoms with health and healthcare factors among women in rural western India: results of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010834 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. e010834 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Apurv Soni ◽

Nisha Fahey ◽

Nancy Byatt ◽

Anusha Prabhakaran ◽

Tiffany A Moore Simas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Western India ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Download Full-text

Prepared and highly committed despite the risk of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians’ concerns and coping strategies in Singapore

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-021-01370-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jerrald Lau ◽

David Hsien-Yung Tan ◽

Gretel Jianlin Wong ◽

Yii-Jen Lew ◽

Ying-Xian Chua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Stress Management ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Well Being ◽

Pandemic Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Accessible Information ◽

And Coping

Abstract Background Primary care physicians (PCPs) are first points-of-contact between suspected cases and the healthcare system in the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines PCPs’ concerns, impact on personal lives and work, and level of pandemic preparedness in the context of COVID-19 in Singapore. We also examine factors and coping strategies that PCPs have used to manage stress during the outbreak. Methods Two hundred and sixteen PCPs actively practicing in either a public or private clinic were cluster sampled via email invitation from three primary care organizations in Singapore from 6th to 29th March 2020. Participants completed a cross-sectional online questionnaire consisting of items on work- and non-work-related concerns, impact on personal and work life, perceived pandemic preparedness, stress-reduction factors, and personal coping strategies related to COVID-19. Results A total of 158 questionnaires were usable for analyses. PCPs perceived themselves to be at high risk of COVID-19 infection (89.9%), and a source of risk (74.7%) and concern (71.5%) to loved ones. PCPs reported acceptance of these risks (91.1%) and the need to care for COVID-19 patients (85.4%). Overall perceived pandemic preparedness was extremely high (75.9 to 89.9%). PCPs prioritized availability of personal protective equipment, strict infection prevention guidelines, accessible information about COVID-19, and well-being of their colleagues and family as the most effective stress management factors. Conclusions PCPs continue to serve willingly on the frontlines of this pandemic despite the high perception of risk to themselves and loved ones. Healthcare organizations should continue to support PCPs by managing both their psychosocial (e.g. stress management) and professional (e.g. pandemic preparedness) needs.

Download Full-text

Do primary care physicians’ own AUDIT scores predict their use of brief alcohol intervention? A cross-sectional survey

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 169-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mauri Aalto ◽

Senja Hyvönen ◽

Kaija Seppä

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Alcohol Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Brief Alcohol Intervention

Download Full-text

Social support and common mental disorder among medical students

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1415-790x201400010018eng ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 229-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adriano Gonçalves Silva ◽

Ana Teresa de Abreu Ramos Cerqueira ◽

Maria Cristina Pereira Lima

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Medical Students ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Medical School ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

INTRODUCTION: Different kinds of psychological distress have been identified for students in the health field, especially in the medical school. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of mental suffering among medical students in the Southeastern Brazil and asses its association with social support. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study. Structured questionnaires were applied for students from the 1st up to the 6th years of the medical school of Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", assessing demographic variables related to aspects of graduation and adaptation to the city. Psychological suffering was defined as a common mental disorder (CMD) assessed by the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Social support was assessed by the social support scale of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). The association between the outcome and explanatory variables was assessed by the χ2 test and Logistic Regression, for the multivariate analyses, using p < 0.05. RESULTS: The response rate was of 80.7%, with no differences between sample and the population regarding gender (p = 0.78). The average age was 22 years old (standard deviation - SD = 2.2), mainly women (58.2%) and students who were living with friends (62%). The prevalence of CMD was 44.9% (95%CI 40.2 - 49.6). After the multivariate analyses, the explanatory variables that were associated with CMD were: feeling rejected in the past year (p < 0.001), thinking about leaving medical school (p < 0.001) and "interaction" in the MOS scale (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CMD among medical students was high and insufficient social support was an important risk factor. Our findings suggest that interventions to improve social interaction among those students could be beneficial, decreasing the prevalence of CMD in this group.

Download Full-text

Common mental disorders among medical students at Universidade Federal de Sergipe: a cross-sectional study

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462010000100005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Edméa Fontes de Oliva Costa ◽

Tarcísio Matos de Andrade ◽

Annibal Muniz Silvany Neto ◽

Enaldo Vieira de Melo ◽

Ana Carolina Aquino Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Learning Process ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Good Doctor ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire

OBJECTIVE: Estimate the prevalence of common mental disorder and its associated factors among medical students of the Universidade Federal de Sergipe. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out, applying Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 to 473 students from the 512 medical students enrolled in 2006 and compared with compared with a structured questionnaire by the authors containing information on the socio-demographic characteristics, the teaching-learning process and the psycho-emotional experiences of the students. Freshmen were excluded after initial comparison with the students already exposed to the medical course. Statistical analysis by multiple logistic regression after calculating simple and adjusted odds ratio (OR). RESULTS:The general prevalence of common mental disorder was 40% (n = 473); after exclusion of the freshmen it increased to 42.5% among students from the 2nd to the 12th semester. It was higher among those who did not have faith in their acquisition of the skills needed to become a good doctor (OR = 2.82), who felt less comfortable about course activities (OR = 3.75), who considered themselves emotionally stressed (OR = 2.14), among those who did not consider themselves happy (OR = 2.85), who believed that the course did not match their expectations (OR = 1.64) and those who had a prior diagnosis of mental disorder by a psychiatrist (OR = 3.78). CONCLUSION: The results suggest the necessity of changes to the teaching-learning process and the establishment of a preventive mental health program for medical students.

Download Full-text