scholarly journals High Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis Mixed Infections Detected by Microarray Assay in South American Samples

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e0153511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Gallo Vaulet ◽  
Carolina Entrocassi ◽  
Ana I. Portu ◽  
Erica Castro ◽  
Susana Di Bartolomeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
South American ◽  
Microarray Assay

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis on parasite diversity in honeybee colonies: new taxa, high frequency of mixed infections and seasonal patterns of variation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Bartolomé ◽  
María Buendía-Abad ◽  
María Benito ◽  
Beatriz Sobrino ◽  
Jorge Amigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Parasite Diversity

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Chlamydia psittaci Genomes Reveals the Recent Emergence of a Pathogenic Lineage with a Broad Host Range

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Read ◽  
Sandeep J. Joseph ◽  
Xavier Didelot ◽  
Brooke Liang ◽  
Lisa Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
New World ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
South American ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium. Interest in Chlamydia stems from its high degree of virulence as an intestinal and pulmonary pathogen across a broad range of animals, including humans. C. psittaci human pulmonary infections, referred to as psittacosis, can be life-threatening, which is why the organism was developed as a bioweapon in the 20th century and is listed as a CDC biothreat agent. One remarkable recent result from comparative genomics is the finding of frequent homologous recombination across the genome of the sexually transmitted and trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis. We sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occurred in C. psittaci. We analyzed 20 C. psittaci genomes from diverse strains representing the nine known serotypes of the organism as well as infections in a range of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome annotation revealed a core genome in all strains of 911 genes. Our analyses showed that C. psittaci has a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination more often than C. trachomatis. Evolutionary history reconstructions showed genome-wide homologous recombination and evidence of whole-plasmid exchange. Tracking the origins of recombinant segments revealed that some strains have imported DNA from as-yet-unsampled or -unsequenced C. psittaci lineages or other Chlamydiaceae species. Three ancestral populations of C. psittaci were predicted, explaining the current population structure. Molecular clock analysis found that certain strains are part of a clonal epidemic expansion likely introduced into North America by South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia psittaci is classified as a CDC biothreat agent based on its association with life-threatening lung disease, termed psittacosis, in humans. Because of the recent remarkable findings of frequent recombination across the genome of the human sexually transmitted and ocular trachoma pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, we sought to determine if similar evolutionary dynamics occur in C. psittaci. Twenty C. psittaci genomes were analyzed from diverse strains that may play a pathogenic role in human disease. Evolution of the strains revealed genome-wide recombination occurring at a higher rate than for C. trachomatis. Certain strains were discovered to be part of a recent epidemic clonal expansion originating in South America. These strains may have been introduced into the United States from South American bird traders, suggesting that psittacosis is a recently emerged disease originating in New World parrots. Our analyses indicate that C. psittaci strains have a history of frequently switching hosts and undergoing recombination.

Trypanosoma cruzi:Study of the Distribution of Two Widespread Clonal Genotypes in BolivianTriatoma infestansVectors Shows a High Frequency of Mixed Infections

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-France Bosseno ◽  
Jenny Telleria ◽  
Fernando Vargas ◽  
Nina Yaksic ◽  
François Noireau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Mixed Infections

scholarly journals Characterization of Rotavirus Strains in a Danish Population: High Frequency of Mixed Infections and Diversity within the VP4 Gene of P[8] Strains

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1099-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Fischer ◽  
J. Eugen-Olsen ◽  
A. G. Pedersen ◽  
K. Molbak ◽  
B. Bottiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Danish Population

Genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis strains from culture and clinical samples using an ompA-based DNA microarray assay

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Ruettger ◽  
Jens Feige ◽  
Peter Slickers ◽  
Evelyn Schubert ◽  
Servaas A. Morré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Microarray Assay

scholarly journals Suitability of current typing procedures to identify epidemiologically linked human Giardia duodenalis isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009277
Author(s):  
Andreas Woschke ◽  
Mirko Faber ◽  
Klaus Stark ◽  
Martha Holtfreter ◽  
Frank Mockenhaupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Allelic Sequence ◽  
Mlst Type ◽  
Result Interpretation ◽  
Assemblage B

Background Giardia duodenalis is a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. Humans are mainly infected by two different subtypes, i.e., assemblage A and B. Genotyping is hampered by allelic sequence heterozygosity (ASH) mainly in assemblage B, and by occurrence of mixed infections. Here we assessed the suitability of current genotyping protocols of G. duodenalis for epidemiological applications such as molecular tracing of transmission chains. Methodology/Principal findings Two G. duodenalis isolate collections, from an outpatient tropical medicine clinic and from several primary care laboratories, were characterized by assemblage-specific qPCR (TIF, CATH gene loci) and a common multi locus sequence typing (MLST; TPI, BG, GDH gene loci). Assemblage A isolates were further typed at additional loci (HCMP22547, CID1, RHP26, HCMP6372, DIS3, NEK15411). Of 175/202 (86.6%) patients the G. duodenalis assemblage could be identified: Assemblages A 25/175 (14.3%), B 115/175 (65.7%) and A+B mixed 35/175 (20.0%). By incorporating allelic sequence heterozygosity in the analysis, the three marker MLST correctly identified 6/ 9 (66,7%) and 4/5 (80.0%) consecutive samples from chronic assemblage B infections in the two collections, respectively, and identified a cluster of five independent patients carrying assemblage B parasites of identical MLST type. Extended MLST for assemblage A altogether identified 5/6 (83,3%) consecutive samples from chronic assemblage A infections and 15 novel genotypes. Based on the observed A+B mixed infections it is estimated that only 75% and 50% of assemblage A or B only cases represent single strain infections, respectively. We demonstrate that typing results are consistent with this prediction. Conclusions/Significance Typing of assemblage A and B isolates with resolution for epidemiological applications is possible but requires separate genotyping protocols. The high frequency of multiple infections and their impact on typing results are findings with immediate consequences for result interpretation in this field.

scholarly journals The late quaternary paleoenvironment of Chile as seen from marine archives

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-B. W. Stuut ◽  
M. Marchant ◽  
J. Kaiser ◽  
F. Lamy ◽  
M. Mohtadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
South American ◽  
Tropical Forcing ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Changes ◽  
Proxy Records

Abstract. Many variables have been used to reconstruct Chilean paleoenvironmental changes during the late Quaternary. In this paper we present an overview of a number of these variables, so-called proxies, that have been inferred from marine sediments from the Chilean continental margin and summarise the results. In general, a glacial-interglacial pattern of climate changes can be recognised in the proxy records with high-frequency variabilities superposed. The synthesis shows that the records in the Southeast Pacific are clearly dominated by a high-latitude climate forcing mechanism and that there is a noticeable gradual increase of tropical forcing moving from south to north along the South American continental margin.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium in fish: alternative sequencing approaches and analyses at multiple loci to resolve mixed infections

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 1811-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA PAPARINI ◽  
RONGCHANG YANG ◽  
LINDA CHEN ◽  
KAISING TONG ◽  
SUSAN GIBSON-KUEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Molecular Parasitology ◽  
Generation Sequencing

SUMMARYCurrently, the systematics, biology and epidemiology of piscine Cryptosporidium species are poorly understood. Here, we compared Sanger ‒ and next-generation ‒ sequencing (NGS), of piscine Cryptosporidium, at the 18S rRNA and actin genes. The hosts comprised 11 ornamental fish species, spanning four orders and eight families. The objectives were: to (i) confirm the rich genetic diversity of the parasite and the high frequency of mixed infections; and (ii) explore the potential of NGS in the presence of complex genetic mixtures. By Sanger sequencing, four main genotypes were obtained at the actin locus, while for the 18S locus, seven genotypes were identified. At both loci, NGS revealed frequent mixed infections, consisting of one highly dominant variant plus substantially rarer genotypes. Both sequencing methods detected novel Cryptosporidium genotypes at both loci, including a novel and highly abundant actin genotype that was identified by both Sanger sequencing and NGS. Importantly, this genotype accounted for 68·9% of all NGS reads from all samples (249 585/362 372). The present study confirms that aquarium fish can harbour a large and unexplored Cryptosporidium genetic diversity. Although commonly used in molecular parasitology studies, nested PCR prevents quantitative comparisons and thwarts the advantages of NGS, when this latter approach is used to investigate multiple infections.

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