scholarly journals Indoor secondhand tobacco smoke and risk of under-five mortality in 23 sub-Saharan Africa countries: A population based study and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0177271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Opiyo Owili ◽  
Miriam Adoyo Muga ◽  
Wen-Chi Pan ◽  
Hsien-Wen Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Sub Saharan

Prevalence of active epilepsy, lifetime epilepsy prevalence, and burden of epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa from meta-analysis of door-to-door population-based surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 106846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Femi Owolabi ◽  
Bappa Adamu ◽  
Abubakar Mohammed Jibo ◽  
Shakirah Desola Owolabi ◽  
Adamu Imam Isa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Active Epilepsy

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Rotaviruses among under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasu Damtie ◽  
Mulugeta Melku ◽  
Belay Tessema ◽  
Anastasia N. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan

Rotavirus infection is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis among children globally. Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia is disproportionally affected by the disease. The aims of this review were to determine the pooled prevalence of rotavirus infection among children under-five and to identify the dominant rotavirus genotypes in Ethiopia. Twelve studies were included to estimate the pooled prevalence of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis and five studies were used to determine predominantly circulating genotypes of rotavirus. The pooled prevalence of rotavirus infection was 23% (95% CI = 22%–24%). G3 (27.1%) and P[8] (49%) were the dominant G and P types, respectively. The G8 G-type uncommon in humans but highly prevalent in cattle was also reported accounting for 1% of all cases. The major G/P combinations were G12P[8] (15.4%), G3P[6] (14.2%), G1P[8] (13.6%) and G3P[8] (12.9%) collectively accounting for 56.1% of rotavirus strains. Similar to other parts of the world, the dominance of G1, G3, P[6] and P[8] genotypes was noted in Ethiopia. The increased prevalence of G12P[8] strains observed in Ethiopia was similar to observations in other geographic regions in the post-vaccine introduction period. Thus, further studies are required on the vaccine effectiveness, genotype distribution and inter-species transmission potential of rotaviruses in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding head lice infestations in rural Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorg Heukelbach ◽  
Uade Samuel Ugbomoiko
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Rural Nigeria ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Lice Infestations

Introduction: Head lice infestations are common in sub-Saharan Africa, but knowledge, attitudes and practices have never been studied in this region. Methodology: This population-based study was conducted in a small rural community (population = 590) in Kwara State, Central Nigeria. Inhabitants of the community were interviewed regarding head lice infestations, using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, and examined regarding the presence of active pediculosis. Results: Of the 496 participants included, 367 (74.0%) had experienced head lice infestations, but only 26 (11.1%) of the individuals older than 15 years knew the correct mode of transmission. Of 142 individuals with active pediculosis, only 1 (0.7%) felt ashamed. Treatment was most commonly done by grooming (46.3%), followed by combing (27.2%). Only 4.6% used pediculicides, and 21.8% did not apply any treatment. Opinions about difficulties in controlling head lice were asked in three groups: biological, technical and social. In the first group, the most common difficulty noted was detecting head lice (52.1%), followed by possible resistance that would lengthen the time of infestation (38.9%). Technical constraints included concerns on the safety and effectiveness of products (48.7%) and difficulties in obtaining treatment (46.2%). Social contraints included difficulty in treating children (24.4%), lack of knowledge (23.5%), and the social behavior of children (22.2%). Conclusions: Head lice were not perceived as an important disease in a rural Nigerian community, and feelings about the infestation were mostly indifferent. Despite its common occurrence, knowledge on head lice was limited.  

scholarly journals Excessive premature mortality among children with cerebral palsy in rural Uganda: A longitudinal, population-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243948
Author(s):  
Lukia H. Namaganda ◽  
Rita Almeida ◽  
Dan Kajungu ◽  
Fred Wabwire-Mangen ◽  
Stefan Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background Studies from high-income countries reported reduced life expectancy in children with cerebral palsy (CP), while no population-based study has evaluated mortality of children with CP in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to estimate the mortality rate (MR) of children with CP in a rural region of Uganda and identify risk factors and causes of death (CODs). Methods and findings This population-based, longitudinal cohort study was based on data from Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System in eastern Uganda. We identified 97 children (aged 2–17 years) with CP in 2015, whom we followed to 2019. They were compared with an age-matched cohort from the general population (n = 41 319). MRs, MR ratios (MRRs), hazard ratios (HRs), and immediate CODs were determined. MR was 3952 per 100 000 person years (95% CI 2212–6519) in children with CP and 137 per 100 000 person years (95% CI 117–159) in the general population. Standardized MRR was 25·3 in the CP cohort, compared with the general population. In children with CP, risk of death was higher in those with severe gross motor impairments than in those with milder impairments (HR 6·8; p = 0·007) and in those with severe malnutrition than in those less malnourished (HR = 3·7; p = 0·052). MR was higher in females in the CP cohort, with a higher MRR in females (53·0; 95% CI 26·4–106·3) than in males (16·3; 95% CI 7·2–37·2). Age had no significant effect on MR in the CP cohort, but MRR was higher at 10–18 years (39·6; 95% CI 14·2–110·0) than at 2–6 years (21·0; 95% CI 10·2–43·2). Anaemia, malaria, and other infections were the most common CODs in the CP cohort. Conclusions Risk of premature death was excessively high in children with CP in rural sub-Saharan Africa, especially in those with severe motor impairments or malnutrition. While global childhood mortality has significantly decreased during recent decades, this observed excessive mortality is a hidden humanitarian crisis that needs to be addressed.

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