scholarly journals Notable fibrolytic enzyme production by Aspergillus spp. isolates from the gastrointestinal tract of beef cattle fed in lignified pastures

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e0183628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Oliveira Abrão ◽  
Eduardo Robson Duarte ◽  
Moisés Sena Pessoa ◽  
Vera Lúcia dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Freitas Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Enzyme Production

EFFECT OF COLLECTION INTERVAL ON NUTRIENT DIGESTION DETERMINED WITHIN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF BEEF CATTLE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. MANDELL ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
H. H. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

Duodenal digesta, ileal digesta, and feces were collected from steers fed diets containing 50% barley grain, 50% brome-alfalfa hay. These were composited over days 1–3, 4–6 and 1–6 of each experimental period. Acid detergent lignin and chromic oxide were used as digestibility markers. Three- or six-day collection intervals did not affect the estimate of organic matter digestion in the forestomach, small or large intestine, and total tract. Differences (P < 0.05) in estimates of nutrient digestion between 3-d collection periods occurred for neutral detergent fiber in the forestomach and crude protein in the small intestine. Key words: Collection interval, partitioning of digestibility, markers, cattle, gastrointestinal tract

Comparative study of the bacterial communities throughout the gastrointestinal tract in two beef cattle breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-325
Author(s):  
Yixiao Zhu ◽  
Zhisheng Wang ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Fengpeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds

scholarly journals 72 Use of aspirin to intentionally induce gastrointestinal tract barrier dysfunction in feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Nathan G Briggs ◽  
Kristen M Brennan ◽  
Griffin Nicholls ◽  
Jon P Schoonmaker
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction

Abstract Stress negatively effects gastrointestinal tract (GIT) barrier function, resulting in compromised animal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aspirin to intentionally induce GIT barrier dysfunction in beef cattle. In experiment 1, sixteen crossbred heifers (425 ± 8.6 kg) were enrolled in 2 experimental periods and allotted by BW to 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg BW aspirin. Four heifers per treatment received the same aspirin dose during each period, which were separated by 4 wks. Heifers were fed a 49.4% corn silage, 50.6% concentrate diet. Aspirin was delivered to animals as an oral bolus. The 200 aspirin treatment was dosed as 100 mg/kg BW aspirin 36 and 24 h prior to Cr-EDTA dosing (1 L; 180 mM). The 50 and 100 aspirin treatments were dosed 24 h prior to Cr-EDTA dosing. Urine was collected every 3 h for 48 h and analyzed for Cr using atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum was collected at 0, 24, and 48 h and analyzed for lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) using ELISA. In experiment 2, sixteen crossbred steers (576 ± 14.2 kg) fed the same diet were allotted by BW to the 0 and 200 mg/kg BW aspirin treatments (8 steers/treatment) and were slaughtered 24 h after the last dose. Jejunal tissues were collected and tight junction mRNA expression was determined. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Aspirin linearly increased Cr absorption (P = 0.02) and elimination (P = 0.04) rate and linearly decreased mean retention time of Cr (P = 0.02). Aspirin tended to increase jejunal claudin-1 mRNA expression (P = 0.10) but did not affect serum IL-6 or LBP or expression of other jejunal tight junction mRNA (P ≥ 0.20). This study indicates that aspirin disrupts GIT barrier function in beef cattle and has potential as a model in GIT permeability research.

23 Effect of Genetic Response to Endophyte-Infected Fescue on Beef Cattle Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
L R Koester ◽  
D H Poole ◽  
N V L Serão ◽  
S Schmitz-Esser
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Response

scholarly journals Beef cattle that respond differently to fescue toxicosis have distinct gastrointestinal tract microbiota

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0229192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas R. Koester ◽  
Daniel H. Poole ◽  
Nick V. L. Serão ◽  
Stephan Schmitz-Esser
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis

scholarly journals Use of aspirin to intentionally induce gastrointestinal tract barrier dysfunction in feedlot cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G Briggs ◽  
Kristen M Brennan ◽  
Bethany J Funnell ◽  
Griffin T Nicholls ◽  
Jon P Schoonmaker
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Aspirin Dose ◽  
Amyloid A

Abstract Stress negatively affects the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) barrier function, resulting in compromised animal health. A deeper understanding of how diet and stress impacts the GIT barrier function in feedlot cattle is needed. Aspirin decreases mucus production and mucosal repair in the GIT and could be used as a model for GIT barrier dysfunction research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of aspirin to induce GIT barrier dysfunction in beef cattle. In experiment 1, sixteen crossbred heifers (425.0 ± 8.6 kg) were allotted to 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) aspirin doses based on BW. Experiment 1 consisted of two periods separated by 4 wk where four heifers per treatment received the same aspirin dose during each period. Heifers were fed a 49.4% corn silage and 50.6% concentrate diet. The 200 mg/kg BW aspirin treatment was dosed as a 100 mg/kg BW aspirin oral bolus 36 and 24 h prior to Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dosing (1 liter; 180 mM). The 50 and 100 mg/kg BW aspirin treatments were dosed as an oral bolus 24 h prior to Cr-EDTA dosing. Urine was collected every 3 h for 48 h and analyzed for Cr. Serum was collected at 0 and 48 h and analyzed for lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), interleukin-6, serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and aspartate aminotransferase. In experiment 2, sixteen crossbred steers (576.0 ± 14.2 kg) fed a similar diet were allotted by BW to the 0 and 200 mg/kg BW aspirin treatments (eight steers/treatment) and were slaughtered 24 h after the last dose. Jejunal tissues were collected, and claudin (CLDN) 1, 2, and 3, occludin, and zonula occludens tight junction messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was determined. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Urinary Cr excretion increased linearly at hours 3, 6, 9, and 12 (P ≤ 0.04) as aspirin dose increased from 0 to 200 mg/kg. Aspirin linearly increased Cr absorption (P = 0.02) and elimination (P = 0.04) rates and linearly decreased mean retention time of Cr (P = 0.02). Aspirin increased SAA (P = 0.04) and tended to increase LBP (P = 0.09) in serum but did not affect any other serum inflammatory marker (P ≥ 0.19). Aspirin tended to increase jejunal CLDN-1 mRNA expression (P = 0.10) but did not affect the mRNA expression of other genes regulating tight junction function (P ≥ 0.20). Results from this study indicate that aspirin disrupts the GIT barrier function in beef cattle and has a potential as a model in GIT permeability research.

scholarly journals The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Potential Infection Reservoir of Digital Dermatitis-Associated Treponemes in Beef Cattle and Sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 7460-7469 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Sullivan ◽  
S. D. Carter ◽  
J. S. Duncan ◽  
D. H. Grove-White ◽  
J. W. Angell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treponemal Infection ◽  
Sheep Feces ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

ABSTRACTDigital dermatitis (DD) is an important cause of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide. It has now been reported in beef cattle and also sheep (contagious ovine digital dermatitis [CODD]). ThreeTreponemaphylogroups are consistently isolated from lesions,Treponema medium-like,Treponema phagedenis-like, andTreponema pedis. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and feces are suggested sites of treponemal infection in dairy cattle; however, isolation of DD-associated treponemes from these areas has previously failed. This study surveyed gingival tissues, rectal tissues, and feces of beef cattle and sheep for the molecular presence (PCR) and isolation of the three cultivable DD-treponeme phylogroups. Of the sheep gingival (n= 40) and rectal (n= 40) tissues, 1/40 gingival tissues was positive for DD-associated treponemes (T. pedis), as were 3/40 rectal tissues (one containingT. medium-like and two containingT. pedis). No DD-associated treponeme DNA was amplified from beef cattle rectal tissues (n= 40); however, 4/40 beef gingival tissues were positive for DD-associated treponemes (all containingT. phagedenis-like). AT. phagedenis-like DD-associated treponeme was isolated from the rectal tissue of a CODD symptomatic sheep. Beef cattle (n= 41) and sheep (n= 79) feces failed to amplify DD-associatedTreponemaDNA. Twenty-two treponemes were isolated from sheep feces; however, upon phylogenetic analysis, these clustered with the considered nonpathogenic treponemes. This study detected DD-associated treponemes in the GI tract tissues of sheep and beef cattle and successfully isolated a DD-associated treponeme from ruminant rectal tissue. This gives evidence that the GI tract is an important infection reservoir of DD-associated treponemes in multiple DD-infected species.

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

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