scholarly journals The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Potential Infection Reservoir of Digital Dermatitis-Associated Treponemes in Beef Cattle and Sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 7460-7469 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Sullivan ◽  
S. D. Carter ◽  
J. S. Duncan ◽  
D. H. Grove-White ◽  
J. W. Angell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treponemal Infection ◽  
Sheep Feces ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

ABSTRACTDigital dermatitis (DD) is an important cause of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide. It has now been reported in beef cattle and also sheep (contagious ovine digital dermatitis [CODD]). ThreeTreponemaphylogroups are consistently isolated from lesions,Treponema medium-like,Treponema phagedenis-like, andTreponema pedis. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and feces are suggested sites of treponemal infection in dairy cattle; however, isolation of DD-associated treponemes from these areas has previously failed. This study surveyed gingival tissues, rectal tissues, and feces of beef cattle and sheep for the molecular presence (PCR) and isolation of the three cultivable DD-treponeme phylogroups. Of the sheep gingival (n= 40) and rectal (n= 40) tissues, 1/40 gingival tissues was positive for DD-associated treponemes (T. pedis), as were 3/40 rectal tissues (one containingT. medium-like and two containingT. pedis). No DD-associated treponeme DNA was amplified from beef cattle rectal tissues (n= 40); however, 4/40 beef gingival tissues were positive for DD-associated treponemes (all containingT. phagedenis-like). AT. phagedenis-like DD-associated treponeme was isolated from the rectal tissue of a CODD symptomatic sheep. Beef cattle (n= 41) and sheep (n= 79) feces failed to amplify DD-associatedTreponemaDNA. Twenty-two treponemes were isolated from sheep feces; however, upon phylogenetic analysis, these clustered with the considered nonpathogenic treponemes. This study detected DD-associated treponemes in the GI tract tissues of sheep and beef cattle and successfully isolated a DD-associated treponeme from ruminant rectal tissue. This gives evidence that the GI tract is an important infection reservoir of DD-associated treponemes in multiple DD-infected species.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Stomach and Small-Intestinal Microbiota in Fasted Healthy Humans

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Seekatz ◽  
Matthew K. Schnizlein ◽  
Mark J. Koenigsknecht ◽  
Jason R. Baker ◽  
William L. Hasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTAlthough the microbiota in the proximal gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been implicated in health and disease, much about these microbes remains understudied compared to those in the distal GI tract. This study characterized the microbiota across multiple proximal GI sites over time in healthy individuals. As part of a study of the pharmacokinetics of oral mesalamine administration, healthy, fasted volunteers (n = 8; 10 observation periods total) were orally intubated with a four-lumen catheter with multiple aspiration ports. Samples were taken from stomach, duodenal, and multiple jejunal sites, sampling hourly (≤7 h) to measure mesalamine (administered att = 0), pH, and 16S rRNA gene-based composition. We observed a predominance ofFirmicutesacross proximal GI sites, with significant variation compared to stool. The microbiota was more similar within individuals over time than between subjects, with the fecal microbiota being unique from that of the small intestine. The stomach and duodenal microbiota displayed highest intraindividual variability compared to jejunal sites, which were more stable across time. We observed significant correlations in the duodenal microbial composition with changes in pH; linear mixed models identified positive correlations with multipleStreptococcusoperational taxonomic units (OTUs) and negative correlations with multiplePrevotellaandPasteurellaceaeOTUs. Few OTUs correlated with mesalamine concentration. The stomach and duodenal microbiota exhibited greater compositional dynamics than the jejunum. Short-term fluctuations in the duodenal microbiota were correlated with pH. Given the unique characteristics and dynamics of the proximal GI tract microbiota, it is important to consider these local environments in health and disease states.IMPORTANCEThe gut microbiota are linked to a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Despite this importance, microbiota dynamics in the upper gastrointestinal tract are understudied. Our article seeks to understand what factors impact microbiota dynamics in the healthy human upper gut. We found that the upper gastrointestinal tract contains consistently prevalent bacterial OTUs that dominate the overall community. Microbiota variability is highest in the stomach and duodenum and correlates with pH.

S0116 Genomic evaluations in dairy cattle, beef cattle, and sheep in Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
D. P. Berry ◽  
F. Kearney ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
E. Wall ◽  
A. Cromie
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

scholarly journals Candida albicans Isolates 529L and CHN1 Exhibit Stable Colonization of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam D. McDonough ◽  
Animesh A. Mishra ◽  
Nicholas Tosini ◽  
Pallavi Kakade ◽  
Swathi Penumutchu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Isolate

Understanding how fungi colonize the GI tract is increasingly recognized as highly relevant to human health. The animal models used to study Candida albicans commensalism commonly rely on altering the host microbiome (via antibiotic treatment or defined diets) to establish successful GI colonization by the C. albicans reference isolate SC5314.

scholarly journals The Genital Tract Virulence Factor pGP3 Is Essential for Chlamydia muridarum Colonization in the Gastrointestinal Tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Shao ◽  
Tianyuan Zhang ◽  
Jose Melero ◽  
Yumeng Huang ◽  
Yuanjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Content Dissemination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chlamydia Muridarum ◽  
Colonization Factor ◽  
Genital Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTThe cryptic plasmid is essential forChlamydia muridarumdissemination from the genital tract to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Following intravaginal inoculation, aC. muridarumstrain deficient in plasmid-encoded pGP3 or pGP4 but not pGP5, pGP7, or pGP8 failed to spread to the mouse gastrointestinal tract, although mice infected with these strains developed productive genital tract infections. pGP3- or pGP4-deficient strains also failed to colonize the gastrointestinal tract when delivered intragastrically. pGP4 regulates pGP3, while pGP3 does not affect pGP4 expression, indicating that pGP3 is critical forC. muridarumcolonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Mutants deficient in GlgA, a chromosome-encoded protein regulated by pGP4, also consistently colonized the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Interestingly,C. muridarumcolonization of the gastrointestinal tract positively correlated with pathogenicity in the upper genital tract. pGP3-deficientC. muridarumstrains did not induce hydrosalpinx or spread to the GI tract even when delivered to the oviduct by intrabursal inoculation. Thus, the current study not only has revealed that pGP3 is a novel chlamydial colonization factor in the gastrointestinal tract but also has laid a foundation for investigating the significance of gastrointestinalChlamydia.

scholarly journals A Genital Infection-Attenuated Chlamydia muridarum Mutant Infects the Gastrointestinal Tract and Protects against Genital Tract Challenge

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G. Morrison ◽  
Amanda M. Giebel ◽  
Evelyn Toh ◽  
Arkaprabha Banerjee ◽  
David E. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chlamydia Muridarum

ABSTRACT Chlamydia spp. productively infect mucosal epithelial cells of multiple anatomical sites, including the conjunctiva, lungs, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and urogenital tract. We, and others, previously established that chlamydial GI tropism is mediated by distinct chromosomal and plasmid factors. In this study, we describe a genital infection-attenuated Chlamydia muridarum mutant (GIAM-1) that is profoundly and specifically attenuated in the murine genital tract. GIAM-1 infected the murine GI tract similarly to wild-type (WT) Chlamydia muridarum but did not productively infect the lower genital tract of female mice, ascend to infect the upper genital tract, or cause hydrosalpinx. However, GI infection of mice with GIAM-1 elicited a transmucosal immune response that protected against subsequent genital challenge with WT Chlamydia muridarum. Collectively, our results demonstrate that chlamydia mutants that are profoundly attenuated for specific organ tissues can be derived and demonstrate that live-attenuated vaccine strains that infect the GI tract, but do not elicit genital tract disease, could be used to protect against chlamydia genital tract infection and disease. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Most chlamydia genital infections resolve without serious consequences; however, untreated infection in women can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Antibiotics are very effective in treating chlamydia, but most genital infections in both men and women are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed. Therefore, there is a critical need for an effective vaccine. In this work, we show that a mutant chlamydia strain, having substantially reduced virulence for genital infection, colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and produces robust immunity to genital challenge with fully virulent wild-type chlamydia. These results are an important advance in understanding chlamydial virulence and provide compelling evidence that safe and effective live-attenuated chlamydia vaccines may be feasible.

scholarly journals Treponemes Detected in Digital Dermatitis Lesions in Brazilian Dairy Cattle and Possible Host Reservoirs of Infection: TABLE 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1935-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Valéria Nascimento ◽  
Marlise Teresinha Mauerwerk ◽  
Cibelli Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Ivan Roque de Barros Filho ◽  
Eduardo Harry Birgel Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time

The main pathogenic treponemes causing bovine digital dermatitis were identified from 17 infected herds in southern Brazil for the first time in this study using PCR. We did not find a relationship between treponeme phylogroup composition and clinical classification.Treponema phagedeniswas present in all lesions. Rumen fluid was implicated as a reservoir location for these pathogens.

scholarly journals Isolation of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes from Hoof Lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Clegg ◽  
K. G. Mansfield ◽  
K. Newbrook ◽  
L. E. Sullivan ◽  
R. W. Blowey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
North American ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North American Elk ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Since 2008, a large increase in the numbers of cases of lameness have been seen in wild North American elk (Cervus elaphus) from Washington State, USA. The most recent cases manifested as foot lesions similar both clinically and pathologically to those seen in digital dermatitis (DD) in cattle and sheep, a disease with a bacterial etiopathogenesis. To determine whether the same bacteria considered responsible for DD are associated with elk lameness, lesion samples were subjected to bacterial isolation studies and PCR assays for three phylogroups of relevant DD treponemes. The DD treponemes were isolated from lesional tissues but not from control feet or other areas of the diseased foot (including the coronary band or interdigital space), suggesting that the bacteria are strongly associated with DD lesions and may therefore be causal. In addition, PCR analysis revealed that all three unique DD treponeme phylotypes were found in elk hoof disease, and in 23% of samples, all 3 DD-associated treponemes were present in lesions. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the elk lesion treponemes were phylogenetically almost identical to those isolated from cattle and sheep DD lesions. The isolates were particularly similar to two of the three culturable DD treponeme phylotypes: specifically, theTreponema medium/Treponema vincentii-like andTreponema phagedenis-like DD spirochetes. The third treponeme culturable phylogroup (Treponema pedis), although detected by PCR, was not isolated. This is the first report describing isolation of DD treponemes from a wildlife host, suggesting that the disease may be evolving to include a wider spectrum of cloven-hoofed animals.

scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Bovine Digital Dermatitis-Associated Microbiota across Lesion Stages in Feedlot Beef Cattle

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Caddey ◽  
Karin Orsel ◽  
Sohail Naushad ◽  
Hooman Derakhshani ◽  
Jeroen De Buck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Previous work, primarily in dairy cattle, has identified various taxa associated with digital dermatitis (DD) lesions. However, there is a significant gap in our knowledge of DD microbiology in beef cattle.

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