scholarly journals Invasive bacterial disease trends and characterization of group B streptococcal isolates among young infants in southern Mozambique, 2001–2015

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0191193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betuel Sigaúque ◽  
Miwako Kobayashi ◽  
Delfino Vubil ◽  
Ariel Nhacolo ◽  
Alberto Chaúque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Group B

Population genomics reveals distinct temporal association with the emergence of ST1 serotype V Group B Streptococcus and macrolide resistance in North America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Belén Cubria ◽  
Luis Alberto Vega ◽  
William C. Shropshire ◽  
Misu A. Sanson ◽  
Brittany J. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genomics ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Group B

Identified in the 1970s as the leading cause of invasive bacterial disease in neonates and young infants, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is now also recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among adults with underlying medical conditions and the elderly. Concomitant with the increasing incidence of GBS invasive disease in adults is the rise of resistance among GBS isolates to second line antibiotics. Previous research shows that among serotype V GBS – one of the most common capsular types causing adult invasive disease – sequence type 1 (ST1) – accounts for an overwhelming majority of adult invasive disease isolates and frequently harbors macrolide resistance. In this study, using whole genome sequencing data from strains isolated in the USA and Canada over a 45-year period, we examined the association of antimicrobial resistance with the emergence of invasive serotype V ST1 GBS. Our findings show a strong temporal association between increased macrolide resistance and the emergence of serotype V ST1 GBS subpopulations that currently co-circulate to cause adult as well as young infant invasive disease. ST1 GBS subpopulations are defined, in part, by the presence of macrolide resistance genes in mobile genetic elements. Increased frequency of macrolide resistance-encoding mobile genetic elements among invasive GBS ST1 strains suggests the presence of such elements contributes to GBS virulence. Our work provides a foundation for the investigation of genetic features contributing to the increasing prevalence and pathogenesis of serotype V GBS in adult invasive disease.

scholarly journals Characterization of CRISPR Spacer and Protospacer Sequences in Paenibacillus larvae and Its Bacteriophages

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Casey Stamereilers ◽  
Simon Wong ◽  
Philippos K. Tsourkas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Point Of Reference

The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American foulbrood, the most devastating bacterial disease of honeybees. Because P. larvae is antibiotic resistant, phages that infect it are currently used as alternative treatments. However, the acquisition by P. larvae of CRISPR spacer sequences from the phages could be an obstacle to treatment efforts. We searched nine complete genomes of P. larvae strains and identified 714 CRISPR spacer sequences, of which 384 are unique. Of the four epidemiologically important P. larvae strains, three of these have fewer than 20 spacers, while one strain has over 150 spacers. Of the 384 unique spacers, 18 are found as protospacers in the genomes of 49 currently sequenced P. larvae phages. One P. larvae strain does not have any protospacers found in phages, while another has eight. Protospacer distribution in the phages is uneven, with two phages having up to four protospacers, while a third of phages have none. Some phages lack protospacers found in closely related phages due to point mutations, indicating a possible escape mechanism. This study serve a point of reference for future studies on the CRISPR-Cas system in P. larvae as well as for comparative studies of other phage–host systems.

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110245
Author(s):  
Sabri A. Rahman ◽  
Kuan H. Khor ◽  
Siti Khairani-Bejo ◽  
Seng F. Lau ◽  
Mazlina Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Common

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. A wide range of symptoms have been described in humans; the disease in dogs is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information about the common serovars infecting dogs is limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrences of leptospirosis in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease. Blood, urine, abdominal effusion, and/or kidney and liver were collected from the dogs. Based on microscopic agglutination testing, 53 of 124 (42.7%) dogs were seropositive for leptospiral exposure. Sera were frequently positive to serovars Bataviae ( n = 12), Javanica ( n = 10), and Icterohaemorrhagiae ( n = 10). Direct detection using PCR showed that 42 of 124 (33.9%) of the whole blood and 36 of 113 (31.9%) urine samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. By PCR, 2 of 23 (9.1%) kidney and 2 of 23 (9.1%) liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Abdominal effusion from 4 dogs were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. We further identified and characterized 11 Leptospira spp. isolates from 8 dogs as serovars Bataviae, Javanica, and Australis. The mortality rate of the Leptospira-infected dogs was high (18 of 53; 34%).

Immunochemical Characterization of the Polysaccharide Antigens of Group B Streptococci

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S367-S371 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Pritchard ◽  
M. L. Egan ◽  
B. M. Gray ◽  
H. C. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Immunochemical Characterization ◽  
Polysaccharide Antigens ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals Characterization of Group B Streptococcus Isolated from Women in Saitama City, Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Ueno ◽  
Yoshihiko Yamamoto ◽  
Akiko Yamamichi ◽  
Koji Kikuchi ◽  
Sumie Kobori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Group B

Fever in Full-Term Newborns in the First Four Days of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambasivarao Voora ◽  
Gopal Srinivasan ◽  
Lawrence D. Lilien ◽  
Tsu F. Yeh ◽  
Rosita S. Pildes
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Group B ◽  
Radiant Warmer ◽  
Group D ◽  
Breast Fed

Over a period of 18 months, 100 full-term newborns developed an axillary or a rectal temperature ≥37.8 C during the first four days of postnatal life. These febrile term newborns represented 1% of all full-term newborns in the normal nursery. Of the febrile newborns, 10% had culture-proven bacterial disease (BD). Fever developed in 54%, 27%, 13%, and 6% on the first, second, third, and fourth days, respectively. In 17 newborns fever developed within the first hour of life; 13 of these had mothers with fever and two others were under a radiant warmer in the birth room. Fever occurring on the third day of postnatal life had a significantly higher chance of being associated with BD than fever occurring at any other time in the first four days of postnatal life. Newborns with temperature ≥39 C had a significantly higher incidence of BD than newborns with temperature <39 C. The incidence of fever among breast-fed newborns (0.98%) was similar to that of formula-fed newborns (1.01%). Of the 100 febrile newborns, 45 had other symptoms compatible with BD, and eight of these had proven BD (group B Streptococcus in five, group D Streptococcus in one, Shigella D in one, and Propionibacterium species in one). The two other febrile newborns with proven BD had no other symptoms of infection (group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli). Mean WBC count of febrile newborns with BD was significantly lower than that of febrile newborns without BD. Only three febrile newborns had WBC count <5,000/cu mm and two of them had proven BD. Febrile newborns should be evaluated and treated with antibiotics when they have symptoms of infection other than fever or when the fever persists or recurs.

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