scholarly journals The role of SeDeM for characterizing the active substance and polyvinyilpyrrolidone eliminating metastable forms in an oral lyophilizate—A preformulation study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0196049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Flórez Borges ◽  
Encarna García-Montoya ◽  
Pilar Pérez-Lozano ◽  
Enric Jo ◽  
Montserrat Miñarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Substance ◽  
Metastable Forms ◽  
Preformulation Study

The Role of Microscopy in the Study of Chemical Polymorphism

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
R.A. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Chemical Polymorphism ◽  
Optic Angle ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Metastable Forms ◽  
The Relationship

Chemical polymorphism refers to the ability of compounds to exist in different solid state forms. In general, these differ solely in their arrangement in space (i.e., their crystal form). Polymorphs typically have different solid state properties such as melting point, solubility, density, etc. They also commonly exhibit distinctive optical properties such as refractive index, extinction position, optic sign and optic angle. The choice of polymorph can be an important consideration in the drug development process if the solid state properties have wide differences. Further, it is generally desirable to develop the polymorph which is stable at room temperature and pressure, since metastable forms convert spontaneously to the stable ones, albeit often at a very slow rate. Optical, thermal and scanning electron microscopy each play important roles in the study of chemical polymorphism.Optical microscopy, and more specifically polarized light microscopy, contributes both to the discovery of new polymorphs and to the elucidation of the relationship among polymorphs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Composted Pelletized Poultry Litter as an Alternative to Chemical Fertilizers Based on the Environmental Impact of Their Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Nikolett Éva Kiss ◽  
János Tamás ◽  
Nikolett Szőllősi ◽  
Edit Gorliczay ◽  
Attila Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
The Eu

Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture is one of the EU Green Deal’s priorities. Since poultry production is increasing worldwide, stabilized poultry litter such as composted pelletized poultry litter (CPPL) is an alternative fertilizer option. On the contrary, compared to chemical fertilizers, the environmental impacts of composted products have not been adequately studied, and no data are currently available for CPPL produced by a closed composting system, such as the Hosoya system. The aim of this research was to assess the role of CPPL as a potential alternative for chemical fertilizer by evaluating the environmental impact of CPPL production via the Hosoya system using common chemical fertilizers. Based on life cycle assessment (LCA), the environmental impact (11 impact categories) was determined for the production of 1 kg of fertilizer, as well as for the production of 1 kg of active substances (nitrogen (N), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), and potassium chloride (K2O)) and the theoretical nutrient (NPK) supply of a 100 ha field with CPPL and several chemical fertilizer options. The production of CPPL per kilogram was smaller than that of the chemical fertilizers; however, the environmental impact of chemical fertilizer production per kilogram of active substance (N, P2O5, or K2O) was lower for most impact categories, because the active substance was available at higher concentrations in said chemical fertilizers. In contrast, the NPK supply of a 100 ha field by CPPL was found to possess a smaller environmental impact compared to several combinations of chemical fertilizers. In conclusion, CPPL demonstrated its suitability as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.

Role of histamine or other released substances in anaphylaxis in isolated guinea pig ileum

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Dworetzky
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Anaphylactic Reaction ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Anaphylactic Contraction

A study was made of the role of histamine or other active liberated substances in anaphylaxis in isolated segments of guinea pig ileum. A technique was used by which it can be quantitatively estimated how much of the total anaphylactic reaction is due to liberation of such substances. The method consisted of suspending a segment from a sensitized animal in a 40-ml bath, together with a segment called the ‘indicator segment’, from a normal, nonsensitized animal. Thus, during anaphylactic contraction of the sensitized segment, histamine or any other active substance liberated into the bath would be expected to diffuse through the perfusion bath and cause a contraction of the so-called ‘indicator segment’. The height of the contractions was roughly estimated in terms of that amount of histamine necessary to cause a contraction of the same intensity. Using this technique, it was concluded that no more than 10% of the total anaphylactic contraction in the isolated sensitized guinea pig ileum can be accounted for by histamine or any other substance liberated into the bath fluid.

334. A simple agar medium for the growth of lactic streptococci: the role of phosphate in the medium

1946 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. E. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Growth Promoting

A cheap, easily prepared and relatively uniform agar medium, containing beef extract, lactose, peptone, yeast extract and phosphate, is described. It gives excellent results with lactic streptococci and a good growth with many other organisms.The role of phosphate and agar in the medium and the effect of filtration is discussed. It is suggested that the value of phosphate is due partly to its buffering effect and partly to its combination with some constituent of agar to form a substance which has a growth-promoting action on the lactic acid bacteria. This active substance is largely removed from the medium if filtration through paper pulp is practised.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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