scholarly journals Measures of possible allostatic load in comorbid cocaine and alcohol use disorder: Brain white matter integrity, telomere length, and anti-saccade performance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0199729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonika Tannous ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Ponnada A. Narayana ◽  
Joel L. Steinberg ◽  
...  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonika Tannous ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Ponnada A. Narayana ◽  
Joel L. Steinberg ◽  
...  

AbstractChronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM) integrity, telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM integrity (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by T/S ratio. Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive of white matter integrity as measured by RD (model R2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load.


2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Charalambos Yiannakkaras ◽  
Nikos Konstantinou ◽  
Eva Pettemeridou ◽  
Fofi Constantinidou ◽  
Eleni Eracleous ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Block ◽  
Vincent A. Magnotta ◽  
Emine O. Bayman ◽  
James Y. Choi ◽  
Joss J. Thomas ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundAnesthetics have neurotoxic effects in neonatal animals. Relevant human evidence is limited. We sought such evidence in a structural neuroimaging study.MethodsTwo groups of children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging: patients who, during infancy, had one of four operations commonly performed in otherwise healthy children and comparable, nonexposed control subjects. Total and regional brain tissue composition and volume, as well as regional indicators of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), were analyzed.ResultsAnalyses included 17 patients, without potential confounding central nervous system problems or risk factors, who had general anesthesia and surgery during infancy and 17 control subjects (age ranges, 12.3 to 15.2 yr and 12.6 to 15.1 yr, respectively). Whole brain white matter volume, as a percentage of total intracranial volume, was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group, 37.3 ± 0.4% and 38.9 ± 0.4% (least squares mean ± SE), respectively, a difference of 1.5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.8; P = 0.016). Corresponding decreases were statistically significant for parietal and occipital lobes, infratentorium, and brainstem separately. White matter integrity was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group in superior cerebellar peduncle, cerebral peduncle, external capsule, cingulum (cingulate gyrus), and fornix (cres) and/or stria terminalis. The groups did not differ in total intracranial, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes.ConclusionsChildren who had anesthesia and surgery during infancy showed broadly distributed, decreased white matter integrity and volume. Although the findings may be related to anesthesia and surgery during infancy, other explanations are possible.


2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Adam Hampshire ◽  
Lara A. Menzies ◽  
Eleftherios Garyfallidis ◽  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. e1284-e1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puay San Woon ◽  
Min Yi Sum ◽  
Carissa Nadia Kuswanto ◽  
Guo Liang Yang ◽  
Yih Yian Sitoh ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. e193869 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hutton ◽  
Jonathan Dudley ◽  
Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus ◽  
Tom DeWitt ◽  
Scott K. Holland

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 102141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Crespi ◽  
Caterina Galandra ◽  
Nicola Canessa ◽  
Marina Manera ◽  
Paolo Poggi ◽  
...  

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